<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional traits predict drought performance and distribution of Mediterranean woody species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10-18</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability is one of the key environmental factors that affect plant establishment and distribution. In many regions water availability will decline with climate change, exposing small seedlings to a greater likelihood of drought. In this study, 17 leaves, stem, root, and whole-plant traits of ten woody Mediterranean species were measured under favourable growing conditions and seedling drought survival was evaluated during a simulated dry-down episode. The aims of this study were: i) to assess drought survival of different species, ii) to analyse which functional traits predict drought survival time, and iii) to explain species distribution in the field, based on species drought survival and drought strategies. Drought survival time varied ten-fold across species, from 19 to 192 days. Across species, drought survival was positively related to the rooting depth per leaf area, i.e., the ability to acquire water from deeper soil layers while reducing transpiring leaf area. Drought survival time was negatively related to species ability to grow quickly, as indicated by high relative growth and net assimilation rates. Drought survival also explained species distribution in the field. It was found that species were sorted along a continuum, ranging between two contrasting species functional extremes based on functional traits and drought performance. One extreme consisted of acquisitive fast-growing deciduous species, with thin, soft metabolically active leaves, with high resource use and vulnerability to drought. The opposite extreme consisted of conservative slow-growing evergreen species with sclerophyllous leaves, deep roots, a low transpiring area, and low water use, resulting in high drought survival and drought tolerance. The results show that these drought strategies shape species distribution in this Mediterranean area.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Domínguez, María T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aponte, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, Luis V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marañón, Teodoro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relationships between leaf morphological traits, nutrient concentrations and isotopic signatures for Mediterranean woody plant species and communities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community weighted means</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isotopes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf dry matter content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf mass per area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">macronutrients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Specific leaf area</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-012-1214-7</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">357</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">407 - 424</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Background and aims Soil factors are driving forces that influence spatial distribution and functional traits of plant species. We test whether two anchor morphological traits—leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC)—are significantly related to a broad range of leaf nutrient concentrations in Mediterranean woody plant species. We also explore the main environmental filters (light availability, soil moisture and soil nutrients) that determine the patterns of these functional traits in a forest stand. Methods Four morphological and 19 chemical leaf traits (macronutrients and trace elements and δ 13 C and δ 15 N signatures) were analysed in 17 woody plant species. Community-weighted leaf traits were calculated for 57 plots within the forest. Links between LMA, LDMC and other leaf traits were analysed at the species and the community level using standardised major axis (SMA) regressions Results LMA and LDMC were significantly related to many leaf nutrient concentrations, but only when using abundance-weighted values at community level. Among-traits links were much weaker for the crossspecies analysis. Nitrogen isotopic signatures were useful to understand different resource-use strategies. Community-weighted LMA and LDMC were negatively related to light availability, contrary to what was expected. Conclusion Community leaf traits have parallel shifts along the environmental factors that determine the community assembly, even though they are weakly related across individual taxa. Light availability is the main environmental factor determining this convergence of the community leaf traits.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alameda, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iriondo, José M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial pattern of soil compaction: Trees’ footprint on soil physical properties</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulk density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbaceous production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penetration resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus pinaster</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112712004148</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">283</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128 - 137</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil compaction, a determinant of forest regeneration and ecosystem functioning (e.g., biomass production), can show an aggregated spatial pattern which can be shaped by the effect of tree canopy. This work studies the inﬂuence of tree canopy type (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, and Pinus pinaster) on the spatial distribution of variables related to soil compaction in a Mediterranean forest in southern Spain. The spatial structure of this plant-soil interaction was analyzed using the spatial analysis by distance indices methodology (SADIE). Our results showed that variables related to soil compaction, such as bulk density, penetration resistance, water content and organic matter, showed an aggregated spatial pattern which was associated to the species’ tree canopy and presence of open sites. Thus, high organic matter content and low bulk density were found under the Quercus canopy, whereas the contrary was observed under the Pinus canopy. Open sites showed similar soil properties to those than under the Pinus canopy. Soil compaction pattern and tree canopy had a clear effect on herbaceous production. In two consecutive years (2007 and 2008), herbaceous production was higher under the Quercus canopy than under the Pinus canopy. Mean values of herbaceous production in open sites were similar to those under the Quercus canopy, and no spatial association was found between open sites and herbaceous production. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to describe the causal relationships between tree canopy types, soil compaction related variables and herbaceous production. Results showed that tree canopy affects soil compaction variables and its effects on herbaceous production are mainly produced by a positive effect of organic matter (at 2–7 cm depth) and a negative effect of penetration resistance (at 9–14 cm depth). Therefore, forest management should consider that the replacement of one species for another or changes in tree density are likely to have important consequences in soil compaction and ecosystem functioning.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Rodríguez, Victoria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar, Rafael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial regeneration with Quercus ilex L. and Quercus suber L. by direct seeding and planting in southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sowing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s13595-011-0057-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">637 - 646</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1359501100573</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&amp; Introduction The limited ability of Quercus species to regenerate naturally in Mediterranean forests has led to the development of various artificial regeneration methods; however, there is no general consensus as to what specific method is the best one for this purpose. &amp; Material and methods In this work, we assessed morphology, growth and survival of two Quercus species (Quercus ilex ssp. ballota and Quercus suber) using two different methods of artificial regeneration (viz. direct seeding and planting) and two seedling ages (1-year-old seedlings and 3-year-old seedlings) in southern Spain. &amp; Results and discussion The 1-year-old seedlings of both species were found to exhibit the highest survival percentages and direct-seeded plants intermediate survival values. For direct-seeded plants, seed mass was found to have a significantly positive effect on the establishment success in both species. No clear-cut trend in survival was detected in the 3- year-old seedlings. The survival of the 3-year-old Q. suber seedlings and the direct-seeded plants was similar, but not in Q. ilex, where the survival of the 3-year-old seedlings was the lowest. The latter result may have been a consequence of cultivation in smaller containers leading to root deformation and limiting plant access to water. Differences in survival could not be ascribed to morphological and growth variables or stomatal conductance. &amp; Conclusion Based on the results, all three artificial regeneration methods can be similarly effective provided appropriate nursery cultivation conditions are used and seeds are protected against predators, the best choice in each case being dictated by the particular restoration goals.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliet, Juan a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salazar, José M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robredo, Eduardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fall fertilization of Holm oak affects N and P dynamics, root growth potential, and post-planting phenology and growth</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">late season fertilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutrient loading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phosphorus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root growth potential</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s13595-011-0060-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">647 - 656</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&amp; Introduction For Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), a flush growing species, nutrient loading during the growing season is difficult and can lead to a low nutrient status of the seedlings. To provide insights about Holm oak nutrient dynamics during fall in the nursery and subsequent planting performance, a factorial nursery experiment was conducted in a mild fall–winter area testing the effects of timing of fertilization (early and late fall) and rate (two doses of a NPK fertilizer that applied 28 and 56 mg N per seedling), followed by an experimental plantation. &amp; Results Biomass, allocation pattern, shoot N and K, and root K were unaffected by both rate and timing of fall fertilization. However, shoot P concentration of fall fertilized plants was significantly increased, and root P concentration was enhanced by applying fertilizer at either the highest rate or during early fall. This revealed a different nutrient dynamics during fall that was dependent on the specific nutrient and plant component. &amp; Discussion Root growth potential was positively correlated to nursery root P concentration. Six months after planting, fall fertilized plants showed higher shoot biomass, higher proportion of new leaves, and faster development, producing leaves earlier compared with unfertilized plants. &amp; Conclusion It is concluded that early fall fertilization promotes nutrient loading of P in Holm oak, with significant effects on root growth potential and field growth by means of a phenologically earlier development and a higher aboveground biomass</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water-use strategies of six co-existing Mediterranean woody species during a summer drought</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer-Verlag</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">166</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-57</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought stress is known to limit plant performance in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. We have investigated the dynamics of the hydraulics, gas exchange and morphology of six co-existing Mediterranean woody species growing under natural ﬁeld conditions during a drought that continued during the entire summer. Based on the observed minimum leaf water potentials, our results suggest that the six co-existing species cover a range of plant hydraulic strategies, from isohydric to anisohydric. These differences are remarkable since the selected individuals grow within several meters of each other, sharing the same environment. Surprisingly, whatever the leaf water potentials were at the end of the dry period, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration rates were relatively similar and low across species. This result contradicts the classic view that anisohydric species are able to maintain gas exchange for longer periods of time during drought stress. None of the plants showed the expected structural acclimation response to the increasing drought (reduction of leaf-to-sapwood area ratio), thereby rejecting the functional equilibrium hypothesis for our study system. Instead, three of the six species increased photosynthetic area at the branch level. The observed dissimilar patterns of gas exchange, hydraulics and morphology across species seem to be equally successful given that photosynthesis at the leaf level was maintained at similar rates over the whole dry period.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moderate soil compaction: Implications on growth and architecture in seedlings of 17 woody plant species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil and Tillage Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">325-331</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Generally, soil compaction is a stress factor affecting negatively the plant growth, but its effects vary between species and with the soil compaction range. The objective of this study is to know the different growth responses of 17 woody species subjected to moderate soil compaction, because most of the studies about this subject compare the effects in treatments with a wide and discrete compaction range. We explore the effects of moderate soil compaction on a continuous scale (0.1–1.0 MPa) on seedling growth. Seedlings of 17 woody species (deciduous and evergreens) mainly from Mediterranean ecosystems were grown in near optimal conditions (light, temperature and water) in a greenhouse with a sandy substrate. In general, there was a great variability of the responses depending on the species and the studied variable. About 53% of the species showed a higher total biomass with a moderate increase in soil compaction possibly being due to a greater root–soil contact. In the same way, 41% of species increase the relative growth rate and 35% the total area. Nevertheless, in spite of these positive effects on growth, for some species (23%) there was a decrease in the root proportion with soil resistance, as result of soil strength. These effects of moderate soil compaction could sum up in two general responses of woody plants: growth increment and architecture distortion. This might be relevant as a lower root investment may be a disadvantage under drought conditions. Finally, a simple conceptual model is proposed to understand the general effects of soil compaction on growth and biomass allocation</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alameda, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar, Rafael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moderate soil compaction: Implications on growth and architecture in seedlings of 17 woody plant species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil and Tillage Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penetration resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative growth rate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167198708002146</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">325 - 331</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Generally, soil compaction is a stress factor affecting negatively the plant growth, but its effects vary between species and with the soil compaction range. The objective of this study is to know the different growth responses of 17 woody species subjected to moderate soil compaction, because most of the studies about this subject compare the effects in treatments with a wide and discrete compaction range. We explore the effects of moderate soil compaction on a continuous scale (0.1–1.0 MPa) on seedling growth. Seedlings of 17 woody species (deciduous and evergreens) mainly from Mediterranean ecosystems were grown in near optimal conditions (light, temperature and water) in a greenhouse with a sandy substrate. In general, there was a great variability of the responses depending on the species and the studied variable. About 53% of the species showed a higher total biomass with a moderate increase in soil compaction possibly being due to a greater root–soil contact. In the same way, 41% of species increase the relative growth rate and 35% the total area. Nevertheless, in spite of these positive effects on growth, for some species (23%) there was a decrease in the root proportion with soil resistance, as result of soil strength. These effects of moderate soil compaction could sum up in two general responses of woody plants: growth increment and architecture distortion. This might be relevant as a lower root investment may be a disadvantage under drought conditions. Finally, a simple conceptual model is proposed to understand the general effects of soil compaction on growth and biomass allocation</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Repoblación con semillas o plántulas: un experimento con encina y alcornoque</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El éxito de una repoblación forestal depende de muchos factores como son las condiciones ambientales del lugar de establecimiento, la calidad de la plantación y la evolución posterior de los factores ambientales. Aunque actualmente el método de repoblación más frecuente es la plantación con planta de vivero, todavía existe controversia sobre si esta opción es más adecuada que la siembra, en particular para especies del genero Quercus. Por otro lado, en el caso de utilizar brinzales, pueden existir diferencias en el establecimiento en función de su edad y de las características morfológicas iniciales. En este trabajo se compara la supervivencia y el crecimiento de plántulas de Quercus ilex y Q. suber según el método de repoblación (siembra o plantación) y la edad de la planta de vivero (1 y 3 savias). La supervivencia al final del primer año no mostró diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para Quercus suber, pero en Q. ilex se obtuvo una mayor supervivencia en plántulas de una savia y en la siembra que en plántulas de tres savias. Las plantas más jóvenes presentaron mayor inversión en hojas y menores en tallo y raíces que las plantas de 3 años</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quero, José Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marañón, Teodoro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, Regino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poorter, Lourens</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEED - MASS EFFECTS IN FOUR MEDITERRANEAN QUERCUS SPECIES (FAGACEAE ) GROWING IN CONTRASTING LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Journal of Botany 94(11):</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acornmass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RGR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seed size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed–seedling relationships</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1795 - 1803</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain the functional relationship between seed mass and seedling performance: the reserve effect (larger seeds retain a larger proportion of reserves after germinating), the metabolic effect (seedlings from larger seeds have slower relative growth rates), and the seedling-size effect (larger seeds produce larger seedlings). We tested these hypotheses by growing four Mediterranean Quercus species under different light conditions (3, 27, and 100% of available radiation). We found evidence for two of the three hypotheses, but none of the four species complied with all three hypotheses at the same time. The reserve effect was not found in any species, the metabolic effect was found in three species (Q. ilex, Q. pyrenaica, and Q. suber), and the seedling-size effect in all species. Light availability significantly affected the relationships between seed size and seedling traits. For Q. ilex and Q. canariensis, a seedling-size effect was found under all three light conditions, but only under the lowest light (3%) for Q. suber and Q. pyrenaica. In all species, the correlation between seed mass and seedling mass increased with a decrease in light, suggesting that seedlings growing in low light depend more upon their seed reserves. A causal model integrates the three hypotheses, suggesting that larger seeds generally produced larger seedlings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 ( SEED - MASS EFFECTS IN FOUR MEDITERRANEAN QUERCUS SPECIES (FAGACEAE ) GROWING IN CONTRASTING LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS - Environments, Contrasting Light; Uero, L U I S Q; Illar, R Afael V; Aran, T Eodoro M; Oorter, L Ourens P; Ciencias, Facultad De; Granada, Universidad De; Ecologı, A De )From Duplicate 2 ( SEED - MASS EFFECTS IN FOUR MEDITERRANEAN QUERCUS SPECIES (FAGACEAE ) GROWING IN CONTRASTING LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS - Environments, Contrasting Light; Uero, L U I S Q; Illar, R Afael V; Aran, T Eodoro M; Oorter, L Ourens P; Ciencias, Facultad De; Granada, Universidad De; Ecologı, A De )</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEED - MASS EFFECTS IN FOUR MEDITERRANEAN QUERCUS SPECIES (FAGACEAE ) GROWING IN CONTRASTING LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Journal of Botany 94(11):</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1795-1803</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain the functional relationship between seed mass and seedling performance: the reserve effect (larger seeds retain a larger proportion of reserves after germinating), the metabolic effect (seedlings from larger seeds have slower relative growth rates), and the seedling-size effect (larger seeds produce larger seedlings). We tested these hypotheses by growing four Mediterranean Quercus species under different light conditions (3, 27, and 100% of available radiation). We found evidence for two of the three hypotheses, but none of the four species complied with all three hypotheses at the same time. The reserve effect was not found in any species, the metabolic effect was found in three species (Q. ilex, Q. pyrenaica, and Q. suber), and the seedling-size effect in all species. Light availability significantly affected the relationships between seed size and seedling traits. For Q. ilex and Q. canariensis, a seedling-size effect was found under all three light conditions, but only under the lowest light (3%) for Q. suber and Q. pyrenaica. In all species, the correlation between seed mass and seedling mass increased with a decrease in light, suggesting that seedlings growing in low light depend more upon their seed reserves. A causal model integrates the three hypotheses, suggesting that larger seeds generally produced larger seedlings.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 ( SEED - MASS EFFECTS IN FOUR MEDITERRANEAN QUERCUS SPECIES (FAGACEAE ) GROWING IN CONTRASTING LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS - Environments, Contrasting Light; Uero, L U I S Q; Illar, R Afael V; Aran, T Eodoro M; Oorter, L Ourens P; Ciencias, Facultad De; Granada, Universidad De; Ecologı, A De )</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 ( SEED - MASS EFFECTS IN FOUR MEDITERRANEAN QUERCUS SPECIES (FAGACEAE ) GROWING IN CONTRASTING LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS - Environments, Contrasting Light; Uero, L U I S Q; Illar, R Afael V; Aran, T Eodoro M; Oorter, L Ourens P; Ciencias, Facultad De; Granada, Universidad De; Ecologı, A De )</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>