<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dhondt, André a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blondel, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perret, Philippe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why do Corsican Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus ogliastrae not use nest boxes for roosting?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ornithology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">á parasitism á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyanistes caeruleus ogliastrae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cyanistes caeruleus ogliastrae á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life-history trait</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life-history trait á predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parasitism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small-holed nest box</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95-101</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We compared winter roosting behaviour of Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus in the mainland of southern France and on the island of Corsica in small-holed nest boxes. While in southern France Blue Tits use nest boxes for roosting, Corsican Blue Tits do not. We suggest that this behaviour is innate because Corsican wild-caught as well as F1 and F2 birds born in captivity do not use nest boxes in aviaries even when kept adjacent to mainland tits that sleep in boxes. We suggest that the cost/beneﬁt balance differs between mainland France and Corsica: in Corsica, the costs of roosting in the canopy are less than in mainland France because (1) predators, e.g. owls, are rare in Corsica while abundant on the mainland, (2) the permanent evergreen foliage of the dominant tree in Corsica, the holm oak, could be preferred to nest boxes which are not risk-free, and (3) the costs of using cavities for roosting could be higher in Corsica because of increased mammal predator pressure and higher ectoparasite load than on the mainland.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lambrechts, MarcelM.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caro, Samuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charmantier, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gross, Nicolas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, Marie-Jo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perret, Philippe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cartan-Son, Mireille</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, PaulaC.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blondel, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas, DonaldW.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat quality as a predictor of spatial variation in blue tit reproductive performance: a multi-plot analysis in a heterogeneous landscape</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parus caeruleus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reproduction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer-Verlag</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">555-561</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vertebrate studies have rarely investigated the influence of spatial variation in habitat richness on both short-term (breeding) and long-term (offspring recruitment) reproductive performance using simultaneously multi-patch, multi-habitat type and multi-year approaches at landscape level. Here we present results of such an approach using the influence of two oak tree (Quercus ilex, Q. humilis) species on reproductive performance in Corsican blue tits (Parus caeruleus ogliastrae) as a model system. We found that blue tits breeding in rich broadleaved deciduous patches consistently laid eggs earlier in the season, and produced larger clutches and more fledglings of higher quality, than those breeding in poor evergreen patches. Also, parents, especially males, were in better physical condition in the broad-leaved deciduous than in the evergreen patches. Surprisingly, estimates of long-term effects of reproduction, such as recruitment rates of locally born offspring, did not differ between the two habitat types. Our results suggest that short-term breeding performance and phenotypic quality of both chicks and parents do not necessarily provide reliable information about contributions to following generations at a scale larger than that of the local study plot. Differences in reproductive performance between the two oak habitat types could not be attributed to densitydependent effects, differences in levels of nest predation, or differences in age structure of the birds. We suggest that habitats that are optimal for breeding are not necessarily optimal for survival after the breeding season.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lambrechts, MarcelM</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caro, Samuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charmantier, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gross, Nicolas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, Marie-Jo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perret, Philippe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cartan-Son, Mireille</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, PaulaC</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blondel, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas, DonaldW</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat quality as a predictor of spatial variation in blue tit reproductive performance: a multi-plot analysis in a heterogeneous landscape</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parus caeruleus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reproduction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1681-5</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">555 - 561</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vertebrate studies have rarely investigated the influence of spatial variation in habitat richness on both short-term (breeding) and long-term (offspring recruitment) reproductive performance using simultaneously multi-patch, multi-habitat type and multi-year approaches at landscape level. Here we present results of such an approach using the influence of two oak tree (Quercus ilex, Q. humilis) species on reproductive performance in Corsican blue tits (Parus caeruleus ogliastrae) as a model system. We found that blue tits breeding in rich broadleaved deciduous patches consistently laid eggs earlier in the season, and produced larger clutches and more fledglings of higher quality, than those breeding in poor evergreen patches. Also, parents, especially males, were in better physical condition in the broad-leaved deciduous than in the evergreen patches. Surprisingly, estimates of long-term effects of reproduction, such as recruitment rates of locally born offspring, did not differ between the two habitat types. Our results suggest that short-term breeding performance and phenotypic quality of both chicks and parents do not necessarily provide reliable information about contributions to following generations at a scale larger than that of the local study plot. Differences in reproductive performance between the two oak habitat types could not be attributed to densitydependent effects, differences in levels of nest predation, or differences in age structure of the birds. We suggest that habitats that are optimal for breeding are not necessarily optimal for survival after the breeding season.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Springer-Verlag</style></notes></record></records></xml>