<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Misson, Laurent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEGUELDRE, DAVID</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COLLIN, CHRISTIAN</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RODRIGUEZ, RAQUEL</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROCHETEAU, ALAIN</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OURCIVAL, JEAN-MARC</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenological responses to extreme droughts in a Mediterranean forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extreme events</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flowering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fruiting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf-unfolding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall changes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02348.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1036 - 1048</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean regions are projected to experience more frequent, prolonged and severe drought as a consequence of climate change. We used a retractable rainfall shelter, to investigate the impact of extreme droughts on the development of Quercus ilex leaves, flowers and fruit. In 2008, 97% of rainfall was excluded from a forest plot during the autumn, representing 50% of the 1127 mm of rain that fell during the year. In 2009, 87% of rainfall was excluded during the spring, representing 58% of the 749 mm that fell during the year. The rainfall shelter did not impact neither incident radiation nor air temperature. Autumn rainfall exclusion did not significantly affect leaf, flowers or fruit development. Spring rainfall exclusion resulted in larger and more sustained depression of leaf water potential during the key phases of foliar and floral development. Consequently, only half of the sampled trees (6) reached the shoot lengthening stage which leads to functionally mature leaves (phenophase 4), with one abandoning leaf development at budburst (phenophase 3) and the other two at the bud swelling stage (phenophase 2). All trees of the control plot passed phenophase 4, with most reaching complete leaf development. The impact of extreme droughts on flower development differed between the sexes. The spring exclusion had no effect on male flower, but only one of six trees completed female fruit maturation, compared with four in the control plot. The difference between the male and female drought impacts is likely attributable to the occurrence of male floral development before the period of lowest leaf water potential, and to the lower resource allocation requirements of male flowers. The information provided by our experimental approach may constitute a crucial step to evaluate the impact of increasing drought due to climate change on the most dominant Mediterranean tree species and to help drawing a full picture of the ecological consequences of the decline in water resource on forest dynamics under changing conditions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The key-role of topsoil moisture on CO$_2$ efflux from a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">519-526</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CO2 respiratory losses partly determine net carbon ecosystem exchanges. The main objective of this paper was to understand regulation imposed by soil water content and temperature on soil and ecosystem CO2 efflux in a holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) Mediterranean forest. Soil CO2 efflux was monitored monthly during 1999 and 2001. Moreover, experimental water treatments were conducted in 1999 over 9 small plots (0.3 m2) during nine months. Results showed strong decreases of soil CO2 efflux for a relative soil water content below 0.7. Ecosystem respiration measured by eddy covariance over a 4-year period showed strong sensitivity to soil water content and temperature. Severe limitations of soil and ecosystem efflux imposed by low values of soil water content occurred on about 90 days per year. The best adjustments of soil and ecosystem CO2 efflux were obtained using regression models where the exponential effect of temperature is linearly related to soil water content ( r2 = 0.68 and 0.79 for soil and ecosystem respectively). Our results highlighted strong differences in respiration sensitivity to topsoil moisture between soil and ecosystem. When the relative water content (RWC) is low (0.4), an increase of 1 °C provokes an increase of soil respiration of 5.7% and an increase of ecosystem respiration of 8.6%. For nonlimiting soil water conditions, at RWC = 1, the increases of respiration caused by a 1 °C temperature increase are of 8.5% and 16.5% for soil and ecosystem respectively. These results emphasized the probable determinant influences of changes in soil water regime for respiratory fluxes and net carbon exchanges of Mediterranean forest ecosystems.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>