<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fertilization regime interacts with fall temperature in the nursery to determine the frost and drought tolerance of the Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex subsp. ballota</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">331</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50-59</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen fertilization in the nursery usually improves the transplanting performance of Mediterranean oaks. However, high N fertilization can reduce seedling stress tolerance, probably depending on the environmental conditions under which plants grow. We hypothesize that high N fertilization under mild fall conditions reduces cold and drought acclimation. To assess this hypothesis, we studied if fall temperature differences among cultivation locations influence the effect of N fertilization regime on cold and drought tolerance, N status and growth in the evergreen Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. Plants were cultivated in two nurseries of distinct fall temperature conditions (mild and cold fall nurseries) under four fertilization regimes: Low and high N at constant rate (total N, 33 and 175mgseedling−1), high N at exponential rate (175mgNseedling−1) and fall N loading (89mgNseedling−1). Seedling water relations, survival to a −12°C frost and leaf soluble carbohydrates concentration were assessed three times in the fall, and shoot elongation was measured weekly through the fall. Moreover, seedling mass and N concentration were measured at the end of the fall. Fall loaded seedlings had the highest tissue N concentration, while seedling mass was highest in the high N constant and exponential fertilization regimes. Seedlings at the cold fall nursery concentrated more N but were smaller than seedlings at the mild fall nursery. Cessation of shoot elongation in the mild fall nursery occurred 1month later than in the cold location and high N exponentially-fertilized plants ceased shoot elongation later than the rest of fertilization treatments. Seedlings at the mild fall location had lower drought and cold tolerance than plants at the cold fall site. At mid fall, exponential fertilization at the mild nursery reduced seedling frost and drought tolerance, but treatment differences vanished at the end of the fall. In contrast, fertilization regime did not affect either cold or drought tolerance of seedlings at the cold fall nursery. Across dates and nurseries, frost survival was positively related to leaf soluble carbohydrates concentration and dry weight fraction. Beside, degree of cold acclimation decreased with shoot elongation cessation date and increased with leaf soluble carbohydrates concentration, suggesting a link between shoot growth activity, soluble carbohydrates, and frost tolerance. We conclude that Q. ilex subsp. ballota hardening is reduced by high N exponential fertilization mainly under mild fall conditions, while fall loading and constant low N fertilization did not affect hardening.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliet, Juan a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salazar, José M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robredo, Eduardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fall fertilization of Holm oak affects N and P dynamics, root growth potential, and post-planting phenology and growth</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">late season fertilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutrient loading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phosphorus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root growth potential</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s13595-011-0060-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">647 - 656</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&amp; Introduction For Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), a flush growing species, nutrient loading during the growing season is difficult and can lead to a low nutrient status of the seedlings. To provide insights about Holm oak nutrient dynamics during fall in the nursery and subsequent planting performance, a factorial nursery experiment was conducted in a mild fall–winter area testing the effects of timing of fertilization (early and late fall) and rate (two doses of a NPK fertilizer that applied 28 and 56 mg N per seedling), followed by an experimental plantation. &amp; Results Biomass, allocation pattern, shoot N and K, and root K were unaffected by both rate and timing of fall fertilization. However, shoot P concentration of fall fertilized plants was significantly increased, and root P concentration was enhanced by applying fertilizer at either the highest rate or during early fall. This revealed a different nutrient dynamics during fall that was dependent on the specific nutrient and plant component. &amp; Discussion Root growth potential was positively correlated to nursery root P concentration. Six months after planting, fall fertilized plants showed higher shoot biomass, higher proportion of new leaves, and faster development, producing leaves earlier compared with unfertilized plants. &amp; Conclusion It is concluded that early fall fertilization promotes nutrient loading of P in Holm oak, with significant effects on root growth potential and field growth by means of a phenologically earlier development and a higher aboveground biomass</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sobrecarga exponencial de nutrientes para la optimización de la fertilización en vivero de plantas de Quercus ilex L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-11</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Existe poca información disponible sobre el estado nutricional de planta de vivero de encina (Quercus ilex L.) empleada en repoblaciones en ecosistemas mediterráneos. Nuestro estudio pretende optimizar los protocolos de fertilización para el cultivo de encina de vivero de alta calidad que aumente el éxito del establecimiento en los programas de forestación. Se han ensayado nueve tratamientos de fertilización que oscilaron entre 0 y 200 mg de N por planta en un ensayo de respuesta a la dosis. Las plantas fueron cultivadas de semilla recogida en La Alcarria, y fertirrigadas semanalmente empleando fertilizante soluble 20N-20P-20K . El crecimiento y la respuesta nutricional se incrementaron con la fertilidad. El estudio sugiere que la dosis de suficiencia para la producción de encina en las condiciones de cultivo ensayadas se alcanzó a los 150 mg de N por planta. En relación con las plantas no fertilizadas, dicha dosis incrementó la biomasa total (304%), la altura (285%), el volumen radical (285%), el contenido de N (888%), de P ( 546%) y de K (346%). La dosis 200 mg de N puede representar el valor óptimo objetivo para sobrecargar nutricionalmente las plantas de encina, ya que el contenido de N continuó creciendo para esta dosis en relación con las no fertilizadas (950%). No se ha observado toxicidad para la dosis más alta (200 mg N), por lo que es posible que puedan emplearse dosis más altas que las ensayadas en nuestro ensayo para maximizar la acumulación de nutrientes. El volumen radical descendió para la citada dosis máxima en un 28% en comparación con las encinas que recibieron 100 mg. Esto puede tener implicaciones con relación a la capacidad de la encina de evitar la sequía pos trasplante de la encina. Nuestros datos confirman la efectividad de la sobrecarga exponencial en esta especie, aunque son necesarios nuevos ensayos para refinar la aplicación de la sobrecarga exponencial de encina.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>