<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olivera, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, C. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonet, J. a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez de Aragón, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliach, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colinas, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weed management and irrigation are key treatments in emerging black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) cultivation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root tips</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trufﬂe-oaks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11056-011-9249-9</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">227 - 239</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interest in conversion of marginal agricultural lands to small oak woodlands for the production of black trufﬂes (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.) is increasing in the native black trufﬂe areas of France, Spain and Italy as well as suitable or amended sites throughout the world due to high economic returns for gastronomically valuable trufﬂes. Successful long-term management of a perennial plantation replacing an annual crop requires understanding the system in all phases of the life cycle, and in the case of trufﬂes this involves understanding the interactive growth of the aboveground host and the belowground symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus whose fruitbody is the desired trufﬂe. Here we focus on the pre-production phase, 4 years after establishing the trufﬂe-oak plantation and prior to trufﬂe production. We tested the inﬂuence of weed control, irrigation and fertilizer, each at 3 levels, on plant growth and ectomycorrhizal proliferation in three trufﬂe-oaks plantations in northeast Spain. Results show that adequate weed control improves root and shoot dry weight while fertilizer and irrigation treatments did not inﬂuence plant growth. The low dose of irrigation (50% of the estimated water deﬁcit for the site) and glyphosate weed control both increased total root tips/plant and T. melanosporum colonized tips (ectomycorrhizae) by approximately two-fold, compared to control treatments. Distribution of the ectomycorrhizae within the soil proﬁle was signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by the low dose irrigation treatment, with increases observed in the 10–20 cm and the 20–30 cm deep layers compared to the control and high irrigation treatments. Four years after planting, T. melanosporum remained the dominant fungal symbiont, despite the presence of 14 other ectomycorrhizal morphotypes from these sites.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record></records></xml>