<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şen, Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miranda, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature-induced structural and chemical changes in cork from Quercus cerris</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial Crops and Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">508-513</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of temperature on anatomical and chemical characteristics of Quercus cerris cork were examined. Cork samples were subjected to isothermal air heating between 150 ◦ C and 400 ◦ C and analyzed for mass loss, cellular structure and chemical composition. The thermal decomposition of Q. cerris cork is similar to that of Q. suber cork. Cork is thermally stable below 200 ◦ C and after that degradation depended on temperature and heating time with increasing mass loss, i.e. 3% at 200 ◦ C 10min and 46% at 350 ◦ C 60min.With temperature and starting at 200 ◦ C, cells expanded, cell wall thickness was reduced and corrugations were lost. Extractives degraded at lower temperatures, although aliphatic extractives were found to be more stable. Suberin from Q. cerris was more heat resistant than Q. suber suberin, while lignin showed similar resistance. These results provide a basis for studies on the production of Q. cerris bark expanded cork agglomerates for insulation purposes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şen, Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quilhó, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cellular structure of cork from Quercus cerris var. cerris bark in a materials’ perspective</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial Crops and Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">929-936</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork in the outer bark of trees is among the valuable raw materials of biological origin due to properties that result mainly from its cellular structure. Large scale commercial utilization of cork has been only achieved with cork from Quercus suber. Another oak species, Quercus cerris, also contains substantial, albeit not continuous, regions of cork that are clearly visible to the naked eye but are so far considered as a waste material. Bark samples of Q. cerris var. cerris trees were collected from the Andırın province, Turkey. Cork portions were separated and their cellular structure was investigated with optical and electron scanning microscopy observations. The results were compared with Q. suber cork. Q. cerris cork has the typical features of cork tissues with a regular and radially aligned structure of suberized cells without intercellular voids, showing a ring structure and a distinction of earlycork and latecork cells. Solid volume fraction was estimated at 25% (22% in earlycork, 36% in latecork). In Q. cerris cork cells are smaller, cell wall thickness and solid volume fraction are higher, and the tissue is less homogeneous with a higher content of ligniﬁed inclusions than in Q. suber cork. These factors will negatively inﬂuence quality in regard to density and mechanical properties associated to elasticity. However, this does not impair its use for production of granulates and agglomerates, e.g. for insulation and energy absorption. Separation of the cork fraction from the bark is a step required before further processing and use.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>