<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cimmino, Alessio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andolfi, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abouzeid, Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidente, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyphenols as fungal phytotoxins, seed germination stimulants and phytoalexins</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytoalexins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytotoxins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seed germination stimulants</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">653 - 672</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This review deals with the sources and chemical and biological characterization of phytotoxic polyphenols produced essentially by pathogenic fungi of forest and crop plants and of weeds. Their potential use as natural herbicides and fungicides is discussed. The use of some polyphenols which could be applied as an alternative method to control parasitic weeds, the so called ``suicidal germination{''}, will be covered. The sources and the isolation and identification of polyphenols produced by some crop plants in consequence of the attack of pathogenic fungi as plant defence compounds (phytoalexins), are also described.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4, SI</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SPRINGER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidente, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masi, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linaldeddu, Benedetto T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franceschini, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scanu, Bruno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cimmino, Alessio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andolfi, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motta, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maddau, Lucia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afritoxinones A and B, dihydrofuropyran-2-ones produced by Diplodia africana the causal agent of branch dieback on Juniperus phoenicea</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYTOCHEMISTRY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afritoxinones A and B</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Botryosphaeriaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diplodia africana</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus phoenicea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytotoxins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245 - 250</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two phytotoxic dihydrofuropyran-2-ones, named afritoxinones A and B. were isolated from liquid culture of Diplodia africana. a fungal pathogen responsible for branch dieback of Phoenicean juniper in Italy. Additionally, six others known metabolites were isolated and characterized: oxysporone, sphaeropsidin A, epi-sphaeropsidone, R-(-)-mellein, (3R,4R)-4-hydroxymellein and (3R,4S)-4-hydroxymellein. The structures of afritoxinones A and B were established by spectroscopic and optical methods and determined to be as (3aS{*},6R{*}-,7aS)-6-methoxy-3a,7a-dihydro-3H,6H-furo\{[\}2,3-b]pyran-2-o ne and (3aR{*},6R{*},7aS)-6-methoxy-3a,7a-dihydro-3H,6H-furo\{[\}2,3-b]pyran-2-on e, respectively. The phytotoxic activity of afritoxinones A and B and oxysporone was evaluated on host (Phoenicean juniper) and non-host plant (holm oak, cork oak and tomato) by cutting and leaf puncture assay. Oxysporone proved to be the most phytotoxic compound. This study represents the first report of secondary metabolites produced by D. africana. In addition, the taxonomic implications of secondary metabolites in Botryosphaeriaceae family studies are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND&lt;br/&gt;publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andolfi, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maddau, Lucia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cimmino, Alessio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linaldeddu, Benedetto T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franceschini, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serra, Salvatorica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basso, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melck, Dominique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidente, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyclobotryoxide, a phytotoxic metabolite produced by the plurivorous pathogen Neofusicoccum australe.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of natural products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascomycota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascomycota: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic: isolation &amp; purif</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic: pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catechols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyclohexanones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyclohexanones: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyclohexanones: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyclohexanones: pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mycotoxins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycotoxins: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycotoxins: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycotoxins: pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stereoisomerism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitis: drug effects</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23046443</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1785 - 91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two isolates of Neofusicoccum australe belonging to ITS haplotypes H4 and H1 and associated with grapevine cordon dieback and branch dieback of Phoenicean juniper, respectively, have been shown to produce in vitro structurally different secondary metabolites. From the strain BOT48 of N. australe (haplotype H4) a new cyclohexenone oxide, namely, cyclobotryoxide, was isolated together with 3-methylcatechol and tyrosol. Cyclobotryoxide was characterized as (1S,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-2-one by spectroscopic, optical, and chemical methods. The strain BL24 (haplotype H1) produced tyrosol along with botryosphaerone D and (3S,4S)-3,4,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone. The metabolites obtained from both strains were tested at four concentrations on leaves of grapevine cv. Cannonau, holm oak, and cork oak by the leaf puncture assay. Cyclobotryoxide proved to be the most phytotoxic compound. Tyrosol and cyclobotryoxide were also tested on detached grapevine leaves at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL. Only cyclobotryoxide was found to be active in this bioassay.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 23046443</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidente, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andolfi, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cimmino, Alessio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relationships between the stereochemistry and biological activity of fungal phytotoxins</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chirality</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytopathogenic fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytotoxins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relative and/or absolute configuration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure–activity relationships</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.20966</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">674 - 693</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxins produced by phytopathogenic fungi assume great importance because of their involvement in several plant diseases. Although such pathogens are known to have seriously damaged crops, forest, and environmental resources, they represent a very important tool to develop new environmentally friendly herbicides and fungicides. This review deals with the relationships between the biological activity of some phytotoxins produced by pathogenic fungi for major forest plants and for damaging weeds and their stereochemistry. In particular, the methods used to determine their relative and/or absolute configuration will be illustrated. These include the application of Mosher's and Murata's methods, X-ray diffractometric analysis, circular dichroism, and the use of computational methods to determine the theoretical optical rotatory power as well as the CD spectrum. The importance of determining the absolute configuration to achieve the total synthesis of some phytotoxins, interesting for their potential practical application, is also discussed. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</style></notes></record></records></xml>