<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho, Filipe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mira, António</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beja, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Use of tree hollows by a Mediterranean forest carnivore</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carnivores</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Large old trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree hollows</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">315</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54-62</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although tree hollows seem to be key structures for a wide range of forest mammals, their importance for Mediterranean forest carnivores remain poorly understood. Here we address this issue, by analysing daily resting site use by 21 radio-collared common genets. Tree hollows were used far more frequently during the wet season (October–April; 73.1% of daily locations) than in the dry season (May–September; 47.6%). Nests and underground dens were the second and third most frequently used resting sites, respectively, in both wet (17.5% and 9.4%) and dry (34.1% and 18.3%) seasons. Each individual reused a large percentage of its resting sites (65.7%). Some resting sites (17.3%) were used by more than one individual, but simultaneous sharing was exceedingly rare (0.56% of daily locations). Hollow use probability during the wet season varied little in relation to environmental variables, though there was a tendency to be higher away from riparian habitats (&gt;50m) and to be lower in sites with very high shrub cover (&gt;80%). Environmental influences were responsible for more variability in the dry season, when hollow usage was highest in hot days, in days with precipitation, far from riparian habitats, close to sources of human disturbance, in landscapes dominated by continuous forest habitats, and in sites with low shrub cover. Results support the importance of tree hollows for Mediterranean forest carnivores, probably because they provide safe shelter against unfavourable weather, predators and human disturbance. However, results also revealed the importance of riparian trees, which offer support for building nests close to sources of water and food during the dry season. Considering home range size and the average number of hollow-bearing trees used by each genet, we recommend that management of cork and holm oak forests should strive to safeguard at least 4.6 hollow-bearing trees per 100ha, while simultaneously maintaining large riparian trees. This will improve the resting habitat for common genets, while presumably favouring also other Mediterranean carnivores.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medinas, Denis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marques, J.Tiago</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mira, António</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing road effects on bats: the role of landscape, road features, and bat activity on road-kills</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bat activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Road traffic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Road-kill modeling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Japan</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">227-237</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent studies suggest that roads can signifi- cantly impact bat populations. Though bats are one of the most threatened groups of European vertebrates, studies aiming to quantify bat mortality and determine the main factors driving it remain scarce. Between March 16 and October 31 of 2009, we surveyed road-killed bats daily along a 51-km-long transect that incorporates dif- ferent types of roads in southern Portugal. We found 154 road-killed bats of 11 species. The two most common species in the study area, Pipistrellus kuhlii and P. pyg- maeus, were also the most commonly identified road-kill, representing 72 % of the total specimens collected. About two-thirds of the total mortality occurred between mid July and late September, peaking in the second half of August.We also recorded casualties of threatened and rare species, including Miniopterus schreibersii, Rhinolo- phus ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, Barbastella barba- stellus, and Nyctalus leisleri. These species were found mostly in early autumn, corresponding to the mating and swarming periods. Landscape features were the most important variable subset for explaining bat casualties. Road stretches crossing or in the vicinity of high-quality habitats for bats—including dense Mediterranean woodland (‘‘montado’’) areas, water courses with ripar- ian gallery, and water reservoirs—yielded a significantly higher number of casualties. Additionally, more road- killed bats were recorded on high-traffic road stretches with viaducts, in areas of higher bat activity and near known roosts.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho, Filipe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mira, António</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparing annual vertebrate road kills over two time periods, 9 years apart: a case study in Mediterranean farmland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Wildlife Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean farmland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">redundancy analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variance partitioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vertebrates</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10344-010-0410-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157 - 174</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We surveyed road kills occurring along a 26-km stretch of a major national road (Portugal) in two different years: 1996 and 2005. For analysis purposes, we divided the data into seven vertebrate groups: amphibians, reptiles, carnivores, prey mammals (shrews, moles, rodents, rabbits and hares), hedgehogs, owls and passerines. Main factors influencing vertebrate road casualties were evaluated using redundancy analysis and variance partitioning techniques, focusing on three sets of variables: land cover, landscape metrics and spatial location. We also took into account meteorological conditions and changes in traffic intensity specific to each of the surveyed years. The percentage of variance explained by the explanatory variables was greater in 1996 (67.5%) than in 2005 (48.1%). Many variables influencing road kill incidence were common to both years. The most significantly associated factor was the distance to the Natural Park of Serra de São Mamede (NPSSM): road kills decreased steadily as our survey moved south, away from the NPSSM border. Moreover, an increased incidence of road losses occurred in forested areas, such as montado and traditional olive groves. As 2005 was a climatically drier year, additional variance factors became prominent, including the distance to water reservoirs, suggesting a greater influence of water availability. Traffic flow increased by almost 150% from 1996 to 2005, which may explain the overall increase in road kills, with the notable exception of the amphibian group, whose road fatalities incidences decreased approximately sixfold. We expect that our survey will provide a comprehensive understanding of the most critical factors currently influencing vertebrate road fatalities and aid in improving the effectiveness of mitigation measures to reduce them.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascensão, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mira, António</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting culvert use by vertebrates along two stretches of road in southern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canonical ordination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">culvert use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incluir?</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Road ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vertebrates</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57-66</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A major target for environmental managers when trying to minimise the road-barrier eﬀect on wildlife is to improve permeability to animal movements. Previous studies have demonstrated that drainage culverts are used by vertebrates, although knowledge of the main inﬂuencing factors remains limited. The use of 34 culverts from two roads in southern Portugal, diﬀering in traﬃc volume, vehicle speeds and conﬁguration, was evaluated by the analysis of terrestrial vertebrate footprint data (408 passage-operative days). Culvert crossings were related to various explanatory variables by means of canonical ordination techniques. We recorded 901 complete crossings, corresponding to an average of 2.2 crossings/culvert/operative day. Thirteen taxa were detected, all in more than one passage. Animal species included reptiles, small mammals, lagomorphs, carnivores and domestic dogs and cats. Our results suggest that fencing might have a funnelling effect, directing larger animals toward culverts. Also, vegetation covering culvert entrances seems to have a positive eﬀect, particularly on genets; longer passages with entrances far from the pavement were, apparently, avoided by smaller animals; a lower number of crossings was detected on passages with detritus pits; the closest passages to urban areas are more often used by domestic species; forest-living species favour passages with low, open land cover nearby; and smaller species, like lagomorphs and small mammals, appear to use more culverts near the pavement, which probably reﬂects the importance of road verges as refuges for these species. Although not used by all species present in the study area, constructing numerous passages of diﬀerent sizes without detritus pits and which are distributed along roads might be an important step in mitigating road fragmentation eﬀects on animal populations.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incluir?</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascensão, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mira, António</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting culvert use by vertebrates along two stretches of road in southern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canonical ordination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">culvert use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incluir?</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Road ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vertebrates</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11284-006-0004-1</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57 - 66</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A major target for environmental managers when trying to minimise the road-barrier eﬀect on wildlife is to improve permeability to animal movements. Previous studies have demonstrated that drainage culverts are used by vertebrates, although knowledge of the main inﬂuencing factors remains limited. The use of 34 culverts from two roads in southern Portugal, diﬀering in traﬃc volume, vehicle speeds and conﬁguration, was evaluated by the analysis of terrestrial vertebrate footprint data (408 passage-operative days). Culvert crossings were related to various explanatory variables by means of canonical ordination techniques. We recorded 901 complete crossings, corresponding to an average of 2.2 crossings/culvert/operative day. Thirteen taxa were detected, all in more than one passage. Animal species included reptiles, small mammals, lagomorphs, carnivores and domestic dogs and cats. Our results suggest that fencing might have a funnelling effect, directing larger animals toward culverts. Also, vegetation covering culvert entrances seems to have a positive eﬀect, particularly on genets; longer passages with entrances far from the pavement were, apparently, avoided by smaller animals; a lower number of crossings was detected on passages with detritus pits; the closest passages to urban areas are more often used by domestic species; forest-living species favour passages with low, open land cover nearby; and smaller species, like lagomorphs and small mammals, appear to use more culverts near the pavement, which probably reﬂects the importance of road verges as refuges for these species. Although not used by all species present in the study area, constructing numerous passages of diﬀerent sizes without detritus pits and which are distributed along roads might be an important step in mitigating road fragmentation eﬀects on animal populations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;label: Incluir?</style></notes></record></records></xml>