<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Responses of a scatter-hoarding rodent to seed morphology: links between seed choices and seed variability</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1435-1442</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seed preferences of scatter-hoarding granivores may inﬂuence the evolution of seed traits in plants. However, there is little evidence linking the granivores’ responses to speciﬁc seed traits to the variability of seeds in a single plant species. This information is essential for understanding how the decisions of granivores can shape plant life histories. We analysed how seed morphology (size and shape) of the Holm oak, Quercus ilex, inﬂuences seed choices of the seed-disperser, the Algerian mouse, Mus spretus. We studied the seed variability of the oak and whether the frequency of seed phenotypes matched the seed choices of the disperser. The probabilities of seed removal decreased as the seeds became larger and more bullet-shaped, so that seeds that were simultaneously large and bullet-shaped had the lowest probabilities of being dispersed. These seeds are probably refused by rodents because they impose higher handling and transport costs. The size and shape of the Holm oak seeds were highly variable between trees, but extraordinarily consistent within a single tree over different years. However, the analysis of seed variability revealed a disproportionately low frequency of large bullet-shaped phenotypes, which are those barely removed by rodents. Seed preferences of dispersers of species with high seed variability between trees can lead to differences in the chances of seeds produced by different trees being dispersed. Those seed phenotypes preferred by dispersers could make a higher contribution to the next generation, which could inﬂuence the evolution and variability of seeds in a plant species</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muñoz, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonal, Raul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linking seed dispersal to cache protection strategies.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">directed dispersal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">granivores</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">savanna-like landscapes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed caching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling emergence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small rodents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01818.xhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=a9h&amp;AN=61214772&amp;lang=pt-br&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1016 - 1025</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The spatial distribution of dispersed seeds results from the combined action of the caching strategies followed by different granivores. Hence, it is essential to study the factors that influence seed predation and caching decisions to achieve a better understanding of the dispersal process. In this study, we document how seed dispersal and the spatial patterns of natural recruitment are linked to the strategies used by granivores to protect their cached seeds from pilferage. We present a theoretical model showing that those strategies may convey benefits for both seed cachers and plants. We studied the relationships among seed production, seed predation/caching, cache pilferage and plant recruitment in a savanna-like landscape of oaks dispersed by scatter-hoarding rodents. Our results show that acorn-dispersing rodents were concentrated under the canopies of scattered oaks, where the theft of cached acorns increased by 77% as compared to that of the surrounding open landscape. Acorns were thus cached selectively in the open areas to reduce pilferage; in fact, none of the few seeds cached beneath tree canopies survived predation by granivores (pilferage + recovery). Meanwhile, some acorns cached in the surrounding open areas were neither pilfered nor recovered and then recruited successfully. Accordingly, natural recruitment of newly emerged seedlings was higher outside than under canopies, suggesting that rodent caching strategies have direct implications for the directed dispersal of oaks. Synthesis. The spatial patterns of seed dispersal shape the fitness of both the plant because they influence dispersal and recruitment efficiency, and the granivores that cache and predate its seeds because they influence their foraging efficiency. Cache protection strategies reduce pilferage significantly and enhance seed recovery rates by the cache owner. At the same time, more seeds remain dispersed and unrecovered. Thus, cache protection strategies can provide net benefits to the plant in terms of effective directed dispersal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 61214772; Muñoz, Alberto 1,2 Bonal, Raúl 2,3; Affiliation: 1: CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain 2: Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM)-Área Zoología, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain 3: Grupo de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural, Departamento de Ecología, Instituto de Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), E-13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 99 Issue 4, p1016; Subject Term: SEEDS -- Dispersal; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GRANIVORES; Subject Term: ACORNS; Subject Term: SEEDLINGS -- Ecophysiology; Subject Term: FORAGING behavior (Animals); Author-Supplied Keyword: directed dispersal; Author-Supplied Keyword: granivores; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant recruitment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quercus ilex; Author-Supplied Keyword: savanna-like landscapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed caching; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed predation; Author-Supplied Keyword: seedling emergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: small rodents; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: ArticleAccession Number: 61214772; Muñoz, Alberto 1,2 Bonal, Raúl 2,3; Affiliation: 1: CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain 2: Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM)-Área Zoología, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain 3: Grupo de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural, Departamento de Ecología, Instituto de Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), E-13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 99 Issue 4, p1016; Subject Term: SEEDS -- Dispersal; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GRANIVORES; Subject Term: ACORNS; Subject Term: SEEDLINGS -- Ecophysiology; Subject Term: FORAGING behavior (Animals); Author-Supplied Keyword: directed dispersal; Author-Supplied Keyword: granivores; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant recruitment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quercus ilex; Author-Supplied Keyword: savanna-like landscapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed caching; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed predation; Author-Supplied Keyword: seedling emergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: small rodents; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: ArticleThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Wiley-Blackwell</style></notes></record></records></xml>