<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of hybrids in nature: application to oaks (Quercus suber and Q. ilex).</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heredity</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">442-452</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Powerful and accurate detection of first-generation (F1) hybrids and backcrosses in nature is needed to achieve a better understanding of the function and dynamics of introgression. To document the frequency of ongoing interspecific gene exchange between two Mediterranean evergreen oaks, the cork oak (Quercus suber) and the holm oak (Q. ilex), we analyzed 1487 individuals originating from across the range of the two species using eight microsatellite loci and two Bayesian clustering approaches (implemented in the programs STRUCTURE and NEWHYBRIDS). Simulated data were used to assess the differences between the two clustering methods and to back up the choice of the threshold value for the posterior probability to discriminate admixed from pure individuals. We found that the use of STRUCTURE resulted in the highest power to detect hybrids, whereas NEWHYBRIDS provided the highest accuracy. Irrespective of the approach, the two species were clearly distinguished as independent genetic entities without any prior information. In contrast with previous reports, we found no evidence for unidirectional introgression. The overall hybridization rate was very low (&lt;2% of introgressed individuals). Only two individuals were identified as F1 hybrids and five as early backcrosses. This work shows that the combined application of the two complementary Bayesian approaches and their systematic validation with simulations, fit for the case at hand, helps gain resolution in the identification of admixed individuals.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19240752</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burgarella, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NAVASCUÉS, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soto, Á</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Narrow genetic base in forest restoration with holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) in Sicily</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of forest …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">effective population size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microsatellite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plantation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.afs-journal.org/articles/forest/abs/2007/07/f7078/f7078.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">757 - 763</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to empirically assess the eﬀect of actual seed sampling strategy on genetic diversity of holm oak (Quercus ilex) forestations in Sicily, we have analysed the genetic composition of two seedling lots (nursery stock and plantation) and their known natural seed origin stand by means of six nuclear microsatellite loci. Signiﬁcant reduction in genetic diversity and signiﬁcant diﬀerence in genetic composition of the seedling lots compared to the seed origin stand were detected. The female and the total eﬀective number of parents were quantiﬁed by means of maternity assignment of seedlings and temporal changes in allele frequencies. Extremely low eﬀective maternity numbers were estimated (Nf e ≈ 2–4) and estimates accounting for both seed and pollen donors gave also low values (Ne ≈ 35–50). These values can be explained by an inappropriate forestry seed harvest strategy limited to a small number of spatially close trees.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Narrow genetic base in forest restoration with holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) in Sicily</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of forest …</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">757-763</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to empirically assess the eﬀect of actual seed sampling strategy on genetic diversity of holm oak (Quercus ilex) forestations in Sicily, we have analysed the genetic composition of two seedling lots (nursery stock and plantation) and their known natural seed origin stand by means of six nuclear microsatellite loci. Signiﬁcant reduction in genetic diversity and signiﬁcant diﬀerence in genetic composition of the seedling lots compared to the seed origin stand were detected. The female and the total eﬀective number of parents were quantiﬁed by means of maternity assignment of seedlings and temporal changes in allele frequencies. Extremely low eﬀective maternity numbers were estimated (Nf e ≈ 2–4) and estimates accounting for both seed and pollen donors gave also low values (Ne ≈ 35–50). These values can be explained by an inappropriate forestry seed harvest strategy limited to a small number of spatially close trees.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>