<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simioni, Guillaume</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durand-Gillmann, Marion</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huc, Roland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asymmetric competition increases leaf inclination effect on light absorption in mixed canopies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3d modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf angle distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation absorption</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1359501202468</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&amp; Context The effects of leaf inclination on plant light capture, growth, and water balance of monospecific canopies are well documented, but we still lack information on such effects in the case of multispecific canopies. &amp; Aims We investigated the effects of leaf inclination on the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of a mixed forest. &amp; Methods We ran a 3D mechanistic radiation transfer model for a Mediterranean forest where Pinus halepensis makes the upper strata while Quercus ilex occupies the lower strata. As factors, we included (1) the distributions of leaf inclinations that ranged from vertical to horizontal (including the actual inclinations), (2) the fraction of diffuse light, sun position, and leaf area index (LAI), and (3) the Pinus/ Quercus LAI ratio. &amp; Results Simulated PAR absorption was more than twice as sensitive to leaf inclination in oaks than in pines because oaks depended on PAR transmitted below the pine layer. The extent of the effect depended on season, fraction of diffuse light, LAI, and vegetation spatial structure. None of the observed inclinations maximized PAR absorption, suggesting a trade-off with water economy. &amp; Conclusion Erroneous assumptions about leaf inclination lead to larger errors when modelling heterogeneous, mixed canopies. This also highlights potential caveats when using models that do not account for the spatial structure of canopies.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gartner, Barbara L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huc, Roland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of tension wood on specific conductivity and vulnerability to embolism of Quercus ilex seedlings grown at two atmospheric CO2 concentrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological wood anatomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydraulic architecture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure/function relationship</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387-395</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To determine whether there are decreases in hydraulic function of a woody stem when it has increased mechanical loading, Quercus ilex L. seedlings were grown upright or inclined to force the production of large amounts of tension wood (TW). Seedlings were grown in ambient or elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) for 16–17 months to provide two sets of seedlings differing in growth rates and allocation patterns. In both CO2 environments, inclination caused formation of large amounts of TW at the base and mid-section of most stems, but not at the stem tips. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant effects of stem inclination or amount of TW on specific conductivity (ks) or vulnerability to embolism. Samples with high amounts of TW had higher vessel frequency, similar average vessel lumen area, similar vessel lumen fraction (6% of the transverse area), elevated frequency of vessels in the smallest diameter class, and higher wood density than samples with very little TW. Samples from seedlings in the elevated [CO2] treatment had similar vessel frequency, larger average vessel lumen area (caused by a higher frequency of large-diameter vessels), similar vessel lumen fraction, and similar wood density as samples from seedlings in the ambient [CO2] treatment. There was a strong position effect: the highest wood density and lowest ks were at the stem base, intermediate values were at the middle, and the lowest density and highest ks were at the stem tip. We conclude that, in a species that uses different cells for mechanical support and water transport, there can be large modifications in performance of the mechanical function through TW formation without impacting the water transport functions—ks and vulnerability to embolism.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.6.387</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.6.387</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gartner, Barbara L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huc, Roland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of tension wood on specific conductivity and vulnerability to embolism of Quercus ilex seedlings grown at two atmospheric CO2 concentrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological wood anatomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydraulic architecture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure/function relationship</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/6/387.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387 - 395</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To determine whether there are decreases in hydraulic function of a woody stem when it has increased mechanical loading, Quercus ilex L. seedlings were grown upright or inclined to force the production of large amounts of tension wood (TW). Seedlings were grown in ambient or elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) for 16–17 months to provide two sets of seedlings differing in growth rates and allocation patterns. In both CO2 environments, inclination caused formation of large amounts of TW at the base and mid-section of most stems, but not at the stem tips. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant effects of stem inclination or amount of TW on specific conductivity (ks) or vulnerability to embolism. Samples with high amounts of TW had higher vessel frequency, similar average vessel lumen area, similar vessel lumen fraction (6% of the transverse area), elevated frequency of vessels in the smallest diameter class, and higher wood density than samples with very little TW. Samples from seedlings in the elevated [CO2] treatment had similar vessel frequency, larger average vessel lumen area (caused by a higher frequency of large-diameter vessels), similar vessel lumen fraction, and similar wood density as samples from seedlings in the ambient [CO2] treatment. There was a strong position effect: the highest wood density and lowest ks were at the stem base, intermediate values were at the middle, and the lowest density and highest ks were at the stem tip. We conclude that, in a species that uses different cells for mechanical support and water transport, there can be large modifications in performance of the mechanical function through TW formation without impacting the water transport functions—ks and vulnerability to embolism.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.6.38710.1093/treephys/23.6.387</style></notes></record></records></xml>