<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coelho, Marta Baptista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulo, Joana Amaral</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palma, João Henrique Nunes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomé, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contribution of cork oak plantations installed after 1990 in Portugal to the Kyoto commitments and to the landowners economy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Policy and Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyoto protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New plantations area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1389934111001845</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak stands are a part of the agroforestry ecosystem in Portugal, characterized by a low crown cover from cork oak trees, managed towards cork production, and sometimes in combination with grazing. In recent years, European Union policies gave impetus to a large area of new cork oak plantations, which have been established mainly for cork production purposes, and consequently with higher stand density than traditional agroforestry systems. These plantations are important not only for cork production but also for the carbon sequestered by these slow growing forests that won't be harvested for wood production. Thinning operations will be needed to avoid excessive inter-tree competition and wood extracted from these thinning may also provide income for the owners. In the present study, carbon sequestered and wood volumes resulting from thinning were estimated for the next 70 years. Three scenarios of different annual afforestation rates and different site indexes were tested. The resulting values for the considered scenarios show that, if the plantation rates are maintained, new cork oak plantations will have an important contribution to the Portuguese commitments to providing CO2 offsets under the Kyoto protocol. Additionally, due to the increasing values of initial density in new cork plantations, cork oak forests will produce a signiﬁcant volume of wood that may become an important contribution to the landowners' income.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulo, Joana Amaral</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomé, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomé, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonlinear fixed and random generalized height–diameter models for Portuguese cork oak stands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">height-diameter relationship</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model calibration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nonlinear fixed effects model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nonlinear mixed effects model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">295-309</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">• Objective The objective of the research was to develop a generalized height–diameter model for Quercus suber L. in Portugal, which can be applied both to undebarked and debarked trees, with diameter at breast height over cork larger than 2.5 cm. • Methods A nonlinear fixed effects model (NLFEM) and a nonlinear mixed effects model (NLMEM) approaches were used. Parameters estimates were obtained using the SAS macro NLINMIX, which uses a linear approximation to the marginal likelihood function by expanding it with a first-order Taylor series on the random effects. The option of expanding on the random effects at their current empirical best linear unbiased predictors (EBLUP) was used. The fitted models were evaluated using an independent data set, together with an existing model specific for undebarked trees. To obtain subject specific predictions with the NLMEM, a conventional and an improved calibration procedures were applied, considering four different tree sub-sampling designs. Both proposed models included dominant height and stand density as covariates to explain plot variability. • Conclusions Validation indicated that, even in the situations where the NLMEM calibration is not possible, this model should be preferred. The differences between the validated models, which were more evident for young stands, were considered. No large differences in predictive accuracy were found between the calibrated NLMEM using the conventional or the improved calibration procedures, for all the considered sub-sampling designs.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>