<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandour, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khouja, M L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toumi, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Triki, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphological evaluation of cork oak (Quercus suber): Mediterranean provenance variability in Tunisia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of forest science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">549-555</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Twenty-six provenances (2 340 plants) of cork oak (Quercus suber spp.) originating from Portugal, Spain, Italy, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia were tested for genetic variation among and within provenances by growth traits. Seven morphometrical characters were measured in 90 plants from each provenance. Analysis of variance showed highly signiﬁcant diﬀerences for all characters. The phenotypic coeﬃcient of diﬀerentiation reached 0.24 for the form and 0.22 for height, thus revealing a strong structuring between the provenances. Comparative study of growth among the provenances revealed more vigorous growth and better survival rate for those from Morocco, Spain, and Portugal, which may constitute better materials for aﬀorestation. Furthermore, this variability appeared to be geographically structured and would be mainly genetically controlled, as cork oak provenances were cultivated under the same environmental conditions. Our results should be helpful for guide forest managers in aﬀorestation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toumi, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lumaret, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allozyme variation in cork oak ( Quercus suber L.): the role of phylogeography and genetic introgression by other Mediterranean oak species and human activities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">allozyme polymorphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human activity and population</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">647-656</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic variation in the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) was investigated using 11 loci from seven enzyme systems in 40 populations sampled over the entire distribution of this species in the western Medi- terranean Basin. Mean heterozygosity values over the polymorphic loci (Ho&quot;0.283), the percentage of poly- morphic populations (M&quot;0.76), and the total genetic diversity (Ht&quot;0.31) from which 11% was accounted for among-population variation, are among the highest recorded in oak species. In contrast to previous results in holm oak (Q. ilex L.), another evergreen species in the same area, cork oak possessed a smaller allele pool and a lower average number of alleles per locus and per population (A&quot;2.0). More particularly, very few low- frequency alleles were observed in cork oak except for eight populations in which allozyme polymorphism at locus Pgi 1, diagnostic between both species, indicates that these low-frequency alleles are introgressed from holm oak. On the basis of the genetic distance esti- mated from allozyme frequencies, 32 of the 40 cork oak populations studied were classiÞed into two very distinct sets which also corresponded to distinct geographic areas. One set gathered together the 18 populations from the Iberian peninsula and two adjac- ent areas in France, i.e. the centre of origin of cork oak, according to paleobotanical data. This set was charac- terized by a larger allele pool, a higher within-popula- tion genetic diversity and a lower di¤erentiation between populations than was observed in the other set, which comprised the populations from North Africa, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, continental Italy and the region of Provence (southeastern France). In these Communicated by P. M. A. Tigerstedt L. Toumi1 á R. Lumaret ( ) Centre dÕEcologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (C.E.F.E., C.N.R.S.), F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France Present address: 1 Institut Sylvo-Pastoral, 8110 Tabarka, Tunisia more southern and eastern disjunct areas, cork oak migration from Iberia may have occurred at di¤erent periods since the end of the Tertiary. The possible e¤ect of human activity on cork oak genetic structure, i.e. the selection of good-quality cork, acorn over-use for ani- mal food, and even human nutrition, is discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michaud, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toumi, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lumaret, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, T X</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of geographical discontinuity on genetic variation in Quercus ilex L.(holm oak). Evidence from enzyme polymorphism</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heredity</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">allozyme differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term isolation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">590-606</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allozymes at a maximum of eight loci were used to analyse the spatial patterns of genetic variation in 1942 hoim oak trees (Quercus ilex L.) from 57 provenances distributed in the six main disjunct areas of the species distribution area. Polymorphism and genetic diversity were high except in the six marginal populations growing in various locations under unfavourable climatic conditions. Ten per cent of the total genetic diversity (H =0.262) was accounted for by among-population variation. In this long-lived species, the effect of geographical discontinuities on gene flow restriction was shown by the occurrence of: (i) numerous rare alleles limited to a single disjunct region; and (ii) allele frequency variation among the disjunct regions for four alleles. This result was obtained by comparing spatial autocorrelograms from the 57 populations of the entire distribution area and from the 31 populations of the Mediterranean continental region which constitutes the largest continuous area in that distribution. Life history traits (e.g. long life span and high outcrossing rate) and past changes in climate and geographical continuity are assumed to be the main factors responsible for the present genetic variation patterns observed in the species.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>