<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Castro, Alberto Vázquez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliet, Juan A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puértolas, Jaime</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobs, Douglass F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puértolas, Jaime</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobs, Douglass F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light transmissivity of tube shelters affects root growth and biomass allocation of Quercus ilex L. and Pinus halepensis Mill</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleppo pine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light ambient response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transplanting performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treeshelters</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER FRANCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91-99</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Context Tube shelters have been shown to enhance field performance of several Mediterranean species, but responses of newly planted seedlings to the microenvironment induced by shelter walls with different light transmissivity are still poorly documented. Aims We studied effects of a range of shelters with varying light transmissivity on post-planting seedling responses during the wet season establishment phase for two Mediterranean trees of contrasting functional ecology. Methods Root growth, biomass allocation, water potential, and chlorophyll fluorescence of Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis seedlings were evaluated across shelters varying in light transmissivity (80, 40, 20, and 10 % plus a mesh shelter) with irrigation. Results Plants in dark tubes (20 and 10 % light transmissivity) had less above-and belowground growth and more than two times greater leaf to protruding roots mass ratio, with shoot growth response of Q. ilex being less plastic. Ratio of leaf area/protruding roots area decreased when light transmissivity increased, although no differences were found at &gt;= 40 % transmissivity. Xylem water potential indicated lack of water stress, and high maximum photosynthetic efficiency (F-v/F-m) values show no photoinhibition symptoms irrespective of light transmissivity. Conclusion Shelter transmissivity &gt;= 40 % promotes rapid and vigorous root growth immediately after planting for these species. This minimum transmissivity should be considered as a target when designing shelters to help root development and improve water balance of Mediterranean seedlings.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuesta, Bárbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar-Salvador, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puértolas, Jaime</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey Benayas, José M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michalet, Richard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation of Quercus ilex in Mediterranean shrubland is explained by both direct and indirect interactions mediated by herbs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herb competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retama sphaerocarpa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water potential</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01655.xhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01655.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">687 - 696</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. Competitive and facilitative interactions shape plant communities. Whereas a number of studies have addressed competition and direct facilitation among plants in dry ecosystems, indirect facilitation has received little attention. 2. We investigated the relative importance of direct and indirect facilitation by the nurse plant Retama sphaerocarpa on late-successional Quercus ilex seedlings mediated by herb suppression in a Mediterranean shrubland in 2006 and 2007. We also studied whether facilitation outcome depended on the size of the facilitated seedlings. 3. A field experiment was carried out to test the effect of (i) position of Q. ilex seedling with respect to shrub canopy (under shrubs or in gaps), (ii) herb competition (presence or absence), and (iii) seedling size. 2006 was an average rainfall year while 2007 had a much more humid spring and a dryer summer than 2006. 4. In both years, nurse shrubs reduced seedling mortality whereas herbs increased it. In the average rainfall year, seedling mortality under shrubs was unaffected by herbs whereas in gaps it was significantly higher in presence of herbs. This showed that the nurse shrub indirectly facilitated the seedlings by reducing the competitive capacity of herbs. Conversely, facilitation was predominately direct during the humid spring and dry summer year since herbs hindered seedling survival similarly under the nurse shrub and in gaps. The nurse shrub directly facilitated the seedlings by reducing seedling photoinhibition and water stress. 5. Improvement of environmental conditions by Retama benefited smaller seedlings but not larger seedlings since the nurse shrub reduced mortality of smaller seedlings relative to that in gaps, but this effect was not observed for larger seedlings. This indicates that individuals within a seedling population may not have the same response to facilitation. 6. Synthesis. Both indirect and direct facilitation are important mechanisms for Q. ilex regeneration in Retama shrubland and their importance seems to vary with climatic conditions. Indirect facilitation by release of herb competition under nurse shrubs is important in years of dry springs when competition between nurse shrubs and herbs is high, whereas direct facilitation mediated by microclimate amelioration increases with summer aridity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record></records></xml>