<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinho, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergamini, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branquinho, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stofer, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scheidegger, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Máguas, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lichen functional groups as ecological indicators of the effects of land-use in Mediterranean ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Indicators</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epiphytic lichens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrophytic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oligotrophic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of land-use on species and communities are usually studied by considering high-intensity land-use gradients. However, in many Mediterranean Europe areas, the traditional land-use regime is of low-intensity, including low-impactforestry practices and extensive livestock pasture. This low-intensity land-use is associated with ‘High Nature Value Farmlands’, which occupymore than 50% oftotal farmland area in Mediterranean areas. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of traditional lowintensity land-use on epiphytic lichen communities in Mediterranean cork-oak woodlands. We intend to investigate the value of lichen communities as early indicators of the effects of land-use changes. For that, lichens were sampled along a gradient of low-intensity land-use that included forestry and pasture activities. As lichen diversity variables we considered: (i) total species richness, (ii) total species frequency (LDV), and (iii) richness and frequency of functional groups dividing species according to their eutrophication-tolerance. We found an increase of total species richness with an increase of land-use intensity which is opposite to expectations and which was shown for ﬁrst time in lichens. The increase in total species richness was due to an increase of the number of eutrophication tolerant species accompanied by the maintenance of the sensitive one when we analyzed the lichen-data at the functional response group level. These results ﬁt with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis that predicts higher diversity under an intermediate disturbance due to the coexistence of species with contrasting ecological requirements. Traditionally managed cork-oak woodlands with low-intensity land-use can thus support a high diversity of lichen species. An important outcome was that we conﬁrmed the importance of using ecological indicators based on functional-groups for monitoring changes in ecosystems and, since lichens responded to low levels of land-use intensity, we have also shown the possibility of using lichens as early indicators of the impacts of low intensity land-use.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carvalho, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sergio, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sim-Sim, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diogo, A</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marchetti, M</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epiphytic bryophytes and lichens in Quercus rotundifolia Lam. woodlands of Portugal and their value as ecological indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monitoring and Indicators of Forest Biodiversity in Europe - From Ideas to Operationality</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bryophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lichens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TWINSPAN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woodlands</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORIKATU 34, FIN-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271-283</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">952-5453-04-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The epiphytic bryophyte and lichen vegetation in Quercus rotundifolia woodlands in Portugal and its dependence on a number of environmental variables were investigated in six sites of Portugal. 36 bryophyte (32 mosses, 4 liverworts) and 105 lichens were found. Multivariate analysis was used to examine the epiphytic bryophyte and lichen composition of these woodlands. TWINSPAN and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) recognized four major groups of bryophytes and lichens species, one related to pastoral woodlands, another to altitudinal woodlands, a third one to the woodlands under Atlantic influence and a fourth with generalist species. Differences in bryophyte and lichen species composition and cover in the studied areas were attributed mainly to distinct humidity, precipitation, evapotranspiration and insolation levels. The bryophytes Leucodon sciuroides, Frullania dilatata, and the lichen Evernia prunastri presented the highest cover values. A very rare bryophyte species Zygodon forsteri, included in the European Red Data Book, was found. Obtained results are a good basis to improve methods based on bryophytes and lichens as bio-indicators of forest biodiversity.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>