<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurent, J.-M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bar-Hen, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">François, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghislain, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheddadi, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Refining vegetation simulation models: From plant functional types to bioclimatic affinity groups of plants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CARAIB</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discriminant analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hierarchical clusteranalysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moisture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation distribution</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">739-746</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: How to refine simulations based on a global vegetation model in order to apply it to regional scale? Location: Europe from 35° N to 71° N and 25° W to 70° E. Methods: Geographical ranges of European plants were georeferenced and used with monthly mean climatic data (diurnal temperature ranges, ground frost frequencies, precipitation, relative humidity, rain frequencies, amount of sunshine hours and temperature) and growing degree days to infer climatic boundaries for 320 taxa. We performed a discriminant analysis to define their potential geographic ranges. Hierarchical clustering was computed on potential ranges. Results: Clustering provided 25 Bioclimatic Affinity Groups (BAG) of plants consisting of 13 tree, seven shrub and five herb groups. These B AGs are characterized by different geographical ranges and climatic tolerances and requirements. Conclusion: The use of monthly data instead of annual values improved the prediction of potential distribution ranges and highlighted the importance of climate seasonality for defining the plant groups with accuracy. The B AGs are detailed enough to provide finer reconstructions and simulations of the vegetation at the regional scale.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheddadi, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamb, H F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guiot, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Kaars, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene climatic change in Morocco: a quantitative reconstruction from pollen data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate Dynamics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paleoclimate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">883-890</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annual precipitation, July and January tem- peratures were reconstructed from a continuous Holo- cene pollen sequence from the Middle Atlas, Morocco, using the best modern analogues method. The recon- structions show a clear difference between the early and late Holocene: from &amp;10 ka to &amp;6.5 ka the climate was drier and warmer than during the period since 6.5 ka. The average value of annual precipitation was &amp;870mm until 6.5 ka, then rose to &amp;940 mm. Be- tween 10 ka and 6.5 ka January and July temperatures were about 4 °C higher than the present. Both temper- atures show a marked decrease between 7 ka and 6 ka. After 6.5 ka July and January temperatures fluctuated between 21 and 23 °C, and 2.5 and 5 °C respectively. January temperatures show a period of intermediate values (&amp;3.5 °C) between 4 ka and 5.5 ka. The recon- structed climate values generally match palaeolim- nological data from the same core, which show five intervals of low lake level during the Holocene. They are also consistent with regional-scale COHMAP simulated palaeoclimate that shows contrasting pat- terns of rainfall variation between the northwester- nmost part of Africa and the intertropical band</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>