<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eugenio, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alaejos, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diaz, M. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vidal, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of holm oak (Quercus ilex) wood as alternative source for cellulose pulp</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestry residues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pulp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soda pulp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53 - 61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preservation of forests and increasing environmental awareness have focused research on the exploration of alternative resources for papermaking, a possible source being holm oak wood. The paper reports on the influence of some independent variables in the soda pulping of holm, oak wood \{[\}viz., temperature (135-195 degrees C), operation time (30-90 min) and active alkali concentration (10-20\%)] on the yield, hollocelulose, alpha-cellulose and lignin content, brightness, viscosity and kappa index of the pulps considered. By using a central, composite, factorial design, equations relating each dependent variable to different independent variables were derived, reproducing the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors below 10%. High pulp yield values were obtained under low operating variable conditions. To obtain the best results in brightness, viscosity and kappa index, operation under high values of the independent variables, the kappa index excepted, is necessary. To obtain a suitable value for this parameter, operation at low temperature is recommended. By applying TCF bleaching (A(1)OA(2)ZRP) in pulps obtained under extreme and central conditions of the pulping process, better values for kappa index (3.4) and brightness (83.8 ISO) result for the pulp obtained under maximum operating conditions. Nevertheless, considerable viscosity losses occur under Such conditions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: CALEA 13 SEPTEMBRIE NR 13, SECTOR 5, BUCHAREST RO-76117, ROMANIA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: EDITURA ACADEMIEI ROMANE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alaejos, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eugenio, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tapias, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soda-anthraquinone, kraft and organosolv pulping of holm oak trimmings.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioresource technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethyleneglycol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestry residues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak trimmings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16269242</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2110 - 2116</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The operating conditions for an organosolv (ethyleneglycol) and two alkaline (soda-anthraquinone and kraft) processes for obtaining cellulose pulp and paper from holm oak (Quercus ilex) wood trimmings were optimized. A range of variation for each process variable (viz. temperature, cooking time and soda or ethyleneglycol concentration) was established and a central composite experimental design involving three independent variables at three different variation levels was applied. The results obtained with the three cooking processes used were compared and those provided by the kraft process were found to be the best. Thus, the tensile index values it provided (5.9-16.3 N m/g) were 23.7% and 41.5% better than those obtained with the soda-AQ and ethyleneglycol processes, respectively. Also, the kraft process provided the best burst index, brightness and kappa number values. Based on the optimum working ranges, the temperature and cooking time were the variables resulting in the most and least marked changes, respectively, in pulp properties.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16269242</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acosta, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, J. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dynamics of a therophytic community in relation to self-regulation, herbivores and environmental variation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetatio</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental influence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granivory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markovian models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation dynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF00031637</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 71</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dynamics of a therophytic plant community in Central Spain has been studied, taking into account endogenous and exogenous factors. Using a simplified descriptive resolution a multi-species grass community and four canopy density types have been described in permanent quadrats. Transition matrices expressing the changes of vegetation state have been constructed. The importance of self- regulation was shown by the dependence of successive transitions on each other (highly significative log-linear models). The functioning cannot however be explained through a strict Markovian model because the transition probabilities are not stationary. The external local factors tested (microtopography, compactness and granivory) do not have a consistent effect on the vegetation dynamics, being variable over years, implying the importance of other more general factors on vegetation dynamics. Making transition probabilities dependent on external environmental factors rep</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record></records></xml>