<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García Vallejo, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varea, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández de Simón, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFLUENCIA DE LA &quot;MANCHA AMARILLA&quot; SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA DEL CORCHO Y LA PRESENCIA DE TCA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">yellow stain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granada</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The anomaly of cork known as &quot;yellow stain&quot; has been considered as the main responsible for the presence, in some cork stoppers, of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), compound that confers the &quot;cork taint&quot; to wine. In this Communication, a comparative study on the chemical composition of cork (suberin, waxes, polyphenols, holocellulose and lignin) and on the presence of chloroanisoles and chlorophenols is carried out with samples of healthy cork and cork affected with that anomaly. The cork with &quot;yellow stain&quot; differed from the healthy cork because of the presence of TCA and the low content of tannins.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pena-Neira, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernández, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCIA-VALLEJO, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Simon, B F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suarez, J A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Low molecular weight phenols in cork stoppers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stopper manufacturing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285-290</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this work, we study the low molecular-weight polyphenols in cork stoppers obtained from commercial wine bottles and in samples taken at five stages of the cork stopper manufacturing process. The phenolic compounds (acids, aldehydes, and coumarins) were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector. The results were studied by statistical methods in order to determine the relationship among these compounds and their variability throughout the industrial processing. Discriminant analysis showed that the phenolic composition allows differentiation of each stage in the manufacture of cork stoppers and the different provenances of stoppers obtained from commercial wine bottles. The results showed wide variations in phenolic content among cork stoppers within each region and each winery.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pena-Neira, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BartolomÉ, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernández, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Vallejo, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GONZALEZ-ADRADOS, J R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suarez-Lepe, J A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Low molecular-weight phenolic compounds in natural and agglomerated cork stoppers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENCES DES ALIMENTS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">low molecular-weight phenolic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stopper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stopper treatment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-124</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The low molecular-weight phenolic compounds in cork stoppers used for the closure of wine bottles are studied. Different phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic, caffeic, ferulic and ellagic), aldehydes (protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillin, ethylvanillin and coniferilic), and coumarins (aesculetin and scopoletin) were determined in natural cork stoppers (untreated and chlorine-bleached) and in agglomerated cork stoppers (unbleached and peroxide-bleached). The ketone 2,3-dihydroxy-1-guaiacylpropan-1-one and four ellagic-acid-type tannins were detected in natural stoppers. The amount of most of the phenolic compounds studied was higher in the natural cork stoppers than in agglomerated stoppers. In natural cork stoppers, an Increase in the content of caffeic and ferulic acids and vanillin was observed after chlorine bleaching. In agglomerated stoppers however, peroxide bleaching produced a decrease in the content of these same compounds.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCIA-VALLEJO, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variability of suberin composition of reproduction cork from Quercus suber throughout industrial processing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOLZFORSCHUNG</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">industrial processin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WALTER DE GRUYTER &amp; CO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56-62</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The chemical composition of suberin was studied in cork planks from&lt;br/&gt;three different trees of Spanish Quercus suber at four different stages&lt;br/&gt;of the industrial processing of first transformation: stripping (a),&lt;br/&gt;first rest (b), boiling followed by open air rest (c1) and boiling&lt;br/&gt;followed by store-room rest (c2). The monomeric composition was&lt;br/&gt;determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the product of&lt;br/&gt;depolymerization of the free of extractives cork with sodium&lt;br/&gt;methoxide-methanol. The average concentrations of the main monomers&lt;br/&gt;were: 1-alkanols (C-20-C-26) 4.17 %; alkanoic acids (C-20-C-26) 5.99&lt;br/&gt;%; alpha, omega-alkanedioic acids (C-16-C-24) 6.20 %;&lt;br/&gt;omega-hydroxy-alkanoic acids (C-20-C-26) 29.41 %; erythro- and threo-9,&lt;br/&gt;10-dihydroxyoctadecanedioic acids 6.76 %, erythro- and&lt;br/&gt;threo-9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acids 9.50 %,&lt;br/&gt;9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid 2.72 % and&lt;br/&gt;9,10-epoxy-octadecanedioic acid 2.93 % and ferulic acid 5.05 %.&lt;br/&gt;Significant differences were observed between samples taken at the&lt;br/&gt;stripping and after boiling with store room rest, and both groups of&lt;br/&gt;samples differed from those picked after the other two processing&lt;br/&gt;stages. Ten components were selected as providing the greatest&lt;br/&gt;discrimination among stages: 9-octadecenedioic,&lt;br/&gt;18-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic, eicosanedioic and&lt;br/&gt;9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxy-octadecanoic acids, tetracosanol, and five&lt;br/&gt;unidentified components.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García Vallejo, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DeSimon, B F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberin composition of reproduction cork from Quercus suber</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOLZFORSCHUNG</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epoxy acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fatty alcohols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fatty and hydrixy-fatty acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gas chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gas chromatography/mass spectrometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WALTER DE GRUYTER &amp; CO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">219-224</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The monomeric composition of suberins from Spanish Quercus suber was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the product of depolymerization of free extractives cork with sodium methoxide-methanol. 1-Alkanols (C-20-C-26)(1.8-6.4%), alkanoic acids (C-20-C-24)(2.2-8.1%), alpha,omega-alkanedioic acids (C-16-C-24)(6.1-10.2%) and omega-hydroxy-alkanoic acids (C-20-C-26, being C-22 and C-24 the most abundant)(28.7-37.3%) are identified. The erythro- and threo-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanedioic (5.4-7.5%), erythro- and threo-9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic (7.6-11.8%), 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic (1.2-3.1%) and 9,10-epoxy-octadecanodioic acids (1.0-4.4%) and the unsaturated 18-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic (8.1-11.5%) and 9-octadecenedioic (1.5-2.4%) acids are also important components. Ferulic acid (5.3-9.1%) is the main phenolic component of suberin. The studied samples differ in the relative proportion of the different monomers.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>