<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piñol, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarre, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LLEDO, M J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPARISON OF THE HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 3 SMALL EXPERIMENTAL HOLM OAK FORESTED CATCHMENTS IN NE SPAIN IN RELATION TO LARGER AREAS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VEGETATIO</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EXPERIMENTAL CATCHMENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montseny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prades</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">QUERCUS-ILEX</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STREAMFLOW</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water budget</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169-176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation and streamflow have been measured in three small (0.04-0.52 km2) experimental catchments covered by dense holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forests. Two of them are in the Prades mountains and one in the Montseny mountains (NE Spain). Here we test the hydrological representativeness of these catchments against the streamflow record at two nearby larger (34-60 km2) catchments, one from each massif. Comparisons of (i) annual streamflow, (ii) seasonal distribution of streamflow, and (iii) flow duration curves were made. At Prades, for the period of common record, mean annual precipitation was about 580 mm, and mean annual streamflow 44-81 mm at the two experimental catchments and 102 mm at the larger one. Most streamflow occurred during winter and spring in the three catchments. At Montseny, rainfall was higher, and mean annual streamflow was 495 mm in the experimental catchment, and 760 mm in the larger catchment, though these data were obtained in different periods in each catchment. Streamflow was roughly equal in autumn, winter and spring. At both sites flow duration curves were fairly similar in the small experimental catchments and the larger catchments. The higher streamflow at Montseny is reflected in its flow duration curves being well above those at Prades. The experimental catchments at Prades are thus fairly representative of the investigated hydrological characteristics. At Montseny, hydrological differences between the experimental catchment and the larger catchment are probably due to the higher mean altitude of the latter and to the non-overlapping periods of their streamflow records.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarre, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical characteristics and temporal variations of nutrients in throughfall and stemflow of three species in Mediterranean holm oak forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrients (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stemflow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125-135</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study on chemistry of throughfall and stemflow of three dominant species in a Spanish holm oak forest few significant differences were detected in the ion concentrations between Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo and Phillyrea media. Comparison of annual average concentration of throughfall, stemflow and bulk deposition indicated nitrate and hydrogen uptake by the plants. At the same time, the data show the importance of precipitation as a source of nutrients.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piñol, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LLEDO, M J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarre, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrological balance of two Mediterranean forested catchments (Prades, northeast Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrological Sciences Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catchments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evapotranspiration (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrological response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95-107</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Precipitation and discharge have been measured for several years in two small forested catchments located in the Mediterranean area of Spain. Actual evapotranspiration has been calculated as the difference between annual precipitation and discharge. Results show that: (a) most of the precipitation is evaporated rather than lost by streamflow, even in the most humid years; (b) there is a high inter-annual variability both in discharge and evapotranspiration; and (c) annual evapotranspiration correlates significantly with annual precipitation, in contrast to the constancy of annual evaporation in catchments of wet, colder climates. Finally, a simple expression is proposed in order to calculate annual actual evaporation from the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration. This expression uses a derived exponent, k, which takes into account the characteristics of individual catchments.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/02626669109492492</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/02626669109492492</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>