<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pintó-Marijuan, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Da Silva, Anabela Bernardes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flexas, Jaume</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zarrouk, Olfa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins-Loução, Maria Amélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, Maria Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cruz, Cristina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthesis of Quercus suber is affected by atmospheric NH3 generated by multifunctional agrosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon isotopic discrimination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mesophyll conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1328-1337</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montados are evergreen oak woodlands dominated by Quercus species, which are considered to be key to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. This ecosystem is often used for cattle breeding in most regions of the Iberian Peninsula, which causes plants to receive extra nitrogen as ammonia (NH3) through the atmosphere. The effect of this atmospheric NH3 (NH3atm) on ecosystems is still under discussion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an NH3atm concentration gradient downwind of a cattle barn in a Montado area. Leaves from the selected Quercus suber L. trees along the gradient showed a clear influence of the NH3 on δ13C, as a consequence of a strong limitation on the photosynthetic machinery by a reduction of both stomatal and mesophyll conductance. A detailed study of the impact of NH3atm on the photosynthetic performance of Q. suber trees is presented, and new mechanisms by which NH3 affects photosynthesis at the leaf level are suggested.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/tpt077</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/tpt077</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinho, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cruz, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sim Tang, Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sutton, Mark A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins-Loução, Maria-Amélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Máguas, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branquinho, Cristina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using lichen functional diversity to assess the effects of atmospheric ammonia in Mediterranean woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric NH3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biodiversity loss</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1107-1116</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is one of the main drivers for ecosystem changes world-wide, including biodiversity loss. Modelling its deposition to evaluate its impact on ecosystems has been the focus of many studies. For that, universal indicators are needed to determine and compare the early effects of NH3 across ecosystems. 2. We evaluate the effects of atmospheric NH3 in ecosystems using lichens, which are one of the most sensitive communities at the ecosystem level. Rather than measuring total diversity, we use a functional diversity approach because this is potentially a more universal tool. 3. We evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns of atmospheric NH3 concentrations ([NH3]atm) emitted from a point-source over a 1-year period in a cork oak Mediterranean woodland. We observed a temporal pattern of [NH3]atm, with maximum concentrations during autumn. 4. The distribution of lichen species was c. 90% explained by [NH3]atm. The tolerance of lichen species to atmospheric NH3, based on expert knowledge from literature, was tested for the first time against direct measurements of atmospheric NH3. Most species were well classified, with the exception of Lecanora albella and Chrysothrix candelaris, which were more tolerant than expected. Our updated lichen classification can be used to establish lichen functional groups that respond to atmospheric NH3, and these can be used in other Mediterranean countries. 5. Increasing [NH3]atm led to a complete replacement of oligotrophic by nitrophytic species within 65 m of the NH3 source. The geostatistical analysis of functional diversity variables yielded a spatial model with low non-spatial variance, indicating that these variables can cope robustly with high spatial variation in NH3. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our results support the use of functional diversity variables, such as a lichen diversity value, as accurate and robust indicators of the effects of atmospheric NH3 on ecosystems. The spatial modelling of these indicators can provide information with high spatial resolution about the effects of atmospheric NH3 around point- and diffuse sources. As this methodology is based on functional groups, it can be applied to monitor both the impact of atmospheric NH3 and the success of mitigation strategies.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>