<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruano-Ramos, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Criado, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Near infrared spectroscopy prediction of mineral content in botanical fractions from semi-arid grasslands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal feed science and technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forbs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland samples</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">legumes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mineral content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">near infrared spectroscopy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">331-343</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was assessed for its capacity to estimate the mineral content of semi-arid grassland samples. NIRS calibrations were derived for P, K, Ca and Mg contents. Four populations of samples were used: total herbage, with a heterogeneous and complex botanical composition, and its botanical components (grasses, legumes and forbs). One set of samples from each population was selected to develop the specific calibration equations using three mathematical data treatments (log 1/R, first derivative, and second derivative). Reference values from the calibration sample set were regressed on the corresponding spectral data using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The equations were validated with samples from the same four populations that had not been included in the calibration. The NIRS method afforded acceptable accuracy in the prediction of P, K, Ca and Mg contents in the total herbage population and its botanical fractions. Botanical composition and mathematical treatment affected both the accuracy and precision of NIRS analyses; in this sense, the best fits were usually obtained using samples of simpler botanical composition (legumes and grasses), while the first derivative usually led to better results in the estimation of most parameters. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zabalgogeazcoa, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Ciudad, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Criado, B</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacon, CW and Hill, N S</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endophytic fungi in grasses from semiarid grasslands in Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEOTYPHODIUM/GRASS INTERACTIONS</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89-91</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-306-45688-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are savanna-like semiarid grasslands which constitute a traditional, low-input, livestock production system in the Iberian Peninsula. In dehesas, the arboreal stratum is dominated by Quercus species, whereas the pastures are composed by a large number of plant species. More than 1000 species of vascular plants have been catalogued in the dehesas of the province of Salamanca. The grass family is the most important, comprising about 12% of the identified plant species (Hernandez, 1992), and an average of 50% of the herbage dry weight (Corona et al., 1995). Since the middle ages, dehesa pastures have been subjected to grazing pressure from the livestock which was reared on them. The climate of dehesas is of semiarid-mediterranean type, with annual precipitation values averaging about 500 mm (Calabuig, 1992). Since there is evidence that infection by clavicipitaceous endophytes may improve the fitneess of the grass host in situations of water limitation and herbivore grazing, dehesas may constitute an environment where grasses infected by endophytes may be favourably selected. If this were the case, elevated infection rates could be found in host species, and this could be a factor of negative impact in animal production in dehesas. The objective of this study was to made a preliminary survey of the incidence of endophytic fungi in grass species of dehesa pastures.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perez-Corona, M E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Criado, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vazquez de Aldana, B R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Ciudad, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of topographic and temporal (maturity) gradients on the nutritive quality of semiarid herbaceous communities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dehesa grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digestibility (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutritive quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-arid areas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2047-2061</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Five slopes representative of the ?dehesa?; grassland communities in the semi?arid zones of Central?Western Spain (province of Salamanca) were studied. Above?ground biomass production was recorded from April to June and the NDF (neutral detergent fibre), ADF (acid detergent fibre), hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and digestibility were determined in the dry matter. Principal component analysis was applied to the data. The changes with time along the growth period show a parallel effect on the three positions of the slope, although the effect tended to be greater on the middle and upper zones. There were decreases in the levels of protein, cellular content, and digestibility, and an increase in cell wall components. The variability in nutritive characteristics induced by the phenology and time changes in the communities was reflected in the first factor of analysis, whereas the topographic gradient was related to the second component.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/00103629409369171</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/00103629409369171</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>