<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galtié, J F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of fire frequency on plant communities and landscape pattern in the Massif des Aspres (southern France)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aspres</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Southern France</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-224</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire frequency can affect pattern and diversity in plant communities and landscapes. We had the opportunity to study changes due to recurring wildfires on the same sites over a period of 50 years in the &quot;Massif des Aspres&quot; (southern France). The study was carried out in areas occupied by Quercus suber and Q. ilex series. A comparison of historical and cartographical documents (vegetation maps covering a 50 year interval and an accurate map of major wildfires during this period) allowed us to determine the changes occurring over time with or without fire action. Plant communities were grouped into three main vegetation types: forests, treed shrublands and shrublands. The passage of three successive wildfires on the same site led to a decrease in for- est areas and an increase in shrublands; however, shrublands were already present before the first fire of the period under consideration. Less frequent fire occurrence induced more complex heterogeneity and greater landscape diversity. In the study region as a whole, with or without fire action, a significant decrease in forest surfaces was recorded, whereas there was an increase of unforested communities such as treed shrublands and shrublands. In some parts of the Massif fires increased the homogeneity of the landscape, in other parts they created a greater heterogeneity and diversity of plant communities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méthy, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olioso, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for management of plant resources</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote Sensing of Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence induction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crop management (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light-induced chlorophyll fluorescence has become a tool which has ever-increasing potential application to experimental plant physiology. The effects of frost, heat, and drought have been analyzed using the kinetics of individual leaves of two representative types of life form: an evergreen tree (holm oak) dominant in the Mediterranean Basin and an annual cultivated legume (soybean). Various indices were used to quantify their response to environmental stress. Canopy fluorescence for the two types of plants was simulated. For two levels of measurement, leaf or canopy, light-induced fluorescence appears to be helpful for forest or crop management in the Mediterranean area.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méthy, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal courses of photosynthetic activity and sublethal temperature tolerance of Quercus ilex leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthetic apparatus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339-348</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The reaction of the photosynthetic system of a sclerophyllous tree of the Mediterranean region (Quercus ilex) to three temperature levels (one ambient and two sublethal) was analysed monthly for 1 year. Measurements were carried out on leaves less than 3 months old as well as on leaves older than 3 months by laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Treatments were: control (unheated), 50°C for 30 min, and 60°C 10 min. Both for unheated and treated leaves the vitality index shows a seasonal course depending on the treatments. At 50°C the photosynthetic apparatus of leaves of the two ages is moderately affected. At 60°C the apparatus is severely damaged whatever the season and is unable to recover. The consequences for the management of Q. ilex forests in relation to some thermal stresses are considered.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méthy, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effets de températures sub-létales sur l'appareil photosynthétique du chêne vert (Quercus ilex L)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">637-649</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of sub-lethal temperatures on the photosynthetic apparatus of Quercus ilex L. Resistance to high temperatures by the photosynthetic system of leaves of a sclerophyllous tree growing in the Mediterranean basin (Quercus ilex) has been studied using the fluorescence induction technique. Registration of the kinetics with determination of fluorescence decrease ratio was carried out every month for 1 year. According to the dates of sampling, leaves were sorted into 2 categories: &gt; 3 months and &lt; 3 months. They were heated at temperatures of 50, 55 and 60 °C for periods ranging from 0 to 30 min. After sclerification was established (≈ 1 month old) leaves withstood heat with only limited damage at 50 °C. In contrast, the photosynthetic system was totally destroyed when exposed to 60 °C for 30 min. Leaves collected in July displayed some adaptation to high temperatures. The consequences on the functioning of Q ilex in an environment with high temperatures have been examined.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méthy, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caractérisation de la résistance au froid de deux espèces sclérophylles méditerranéennes par la fluorescence de la chlorophylle</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freezing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sclerophyll</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141-148</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frost resistance characterisation of two mediterranean sclerophyllous species by chlorophyll fluorescence. Frost resistance of the photosynthetic system of 2 sclerophyllous species of the mediterranean region, Quercus ilex and Quercus coccifera, has been analysed. Measurements were made on 1 year and 1 month old leaves by the chlorophyll fluorescence induction method. Photosynthetic activity is inhibited very quickly for both the 2 species at the development stages studied. The photosynthetic system of Q ilex seems to be the most resistant but is destroyed after half an hour of exposure to cold at -20 °C, without any recovery after treatment. The effect of winter temperatures on the distribution areas of Q ilex and Q coccifera is discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution après incendie de la structure de quelques phytocénoses méditerranéennes du Bas-Languedoc (Sud de la France)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accroissement vertical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">communautés végétales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recouvrement (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">végétaux herbacés</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">végétaux ligneux</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1983</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177-196</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">L’évolution de la structure de la végétation des garrigues après incendie a été étudiée sur 47 placettes réparties dans le Bas-Languedoc. C’est la méthode directe (ou diachronique) qui a été utilisée pendant la douzaine d’années qu’ont été suivies les placettes incendiées. Huit types de communautés végétales représentatives de la région ont été étudiés, allant des taillis de chêne vert aux pelouses de brachypodes. Après le feu, l’accroissement quantitatif de la végétation tend à retourner vers une structure comparable à celle qui existait avant l’incendie. Assez rapidement, la végétation réapparaît et recouvre la surface du sol. L’accroissement vertical a été aussi considéré : au fur et à mesure que les communautés vieillissent, l’importance des strates basses ([ 25 cm) diminue, tandis que celle des strates hautes augmente.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>