<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perspectives on research into spanish open woodlands (dehesa): some recent ecological experiences</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giornale botanico italiano</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean pastures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial organisation of plant communities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">311-320</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Dehesa (open savanna-like woodland) is a Mediterranean ecosystem covering some two million hectares in the central, western and southeast parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Its importance as an ecosystem is seen from the perspective of food and energy production, scientific study and cultural traditions (Balcells et al., 1982 a, b; Humbert, 1980; Montoya, 1983; Ruiz, 1986; Vacher et al., 1985). Scientists have been carrying out studies from all of these perspectives for many years. Their conclusions have nevertheless had little influence on Spanish agricultural policy. While the information has been relevant and applicable to the ecosystem's management, policy has always been conditioned by controls on marketing channels, international stock-feed and agricultural machinery markets etc. This has led to a lamentable situation involving the destruction of landscapes, ancestral cultures and extensive grazing in large areas of the Iberian Peninsul (Balabanian, 1980; Campos Palicin, 1983; Fourneau Vacher et al., 1985). Some significant aspects of Spanish research in recent decades is summarized below, covering both the theoretical and the applied aspects of work done, particularly by the Ecology Department of Madrid's two Universities. Research on the dehesa in recent years has covered several phenomena: ? The conditioning factors imposed by climate and meteoroligical fluctuations in Mediterranean environments ? Types of herbivore grazing and pasture management ? Woodland-herbaceous vegetation interaction ? The perception and interpretation of landscapa by both its traditional users as well as others not involved in dehesa management ? Spatial plants organization observable on different scales of detail. Other aspects givin rise to several important studies include changes in land use and historic, institutional, economic, social and conservation question (Elena Rosellò, 1984; Garcia Sanz, 1978; Groome, 1985).</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263509009428151</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263509009428151</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sal, A Gomez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casado, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Successional changes in the morphology and ecological responses of a grazed pasture ecosystem in Central Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem exploitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivore</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphological characteristics related to spatial occupation, reproduction and adaptations to grazing were used to characterize the most frequent species in a therophytic pastureland of Central Spain. Periodic ploughing is a traditional practice in these pastures and allows observation of successional change. In the present study, four neighbouring slopes of differing time since last ploughing were chosen. Species biomass was measured at different times during the annual growing season for two different slope positions. Grazing pressure is an important environmental factor affecting ecosystem organization, the most palata- ble plants tending to show increasing biomass with succession. In the most mature stages, there is a predomi- nance of species characterized by horizontal occupation of space and sprouting after mowing or grazing. During succession segregation of the different morphological characteristics occurs in slope sectors related to geomorphological dynamics. Similarly, phenological development tends to be later in pastures in the lowest slope zones, due probably to their greater summer soil moisture content.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pablo, C L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peec, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, E F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicolas, J P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Space-time variability in mediterranean pastures analyzed with diversity parameters</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial organization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1982</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-125</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Different parameters of diversity and spatial niche amplitude (Pielou, 1975, Pineda et aL, 1981 b) have been used to describe the spatial organization of mediterranean grasslands in Central Spain. A slope sampled by 480 contiguous 8 X 8 cm quadrats proved to have a homogeneous floristic distribution when it was divided into 160 parts and maximum heterogeneity when divided into 4 sectors. These sectors corresponded to different geomorphological zones of the slope. The complexity of vegetation distribution on the slope was reflected by differences in organization - measured by diversity parameter A = H ( P / E ) / l o g a N (number of plots) between the parts obtained by division. The presence of low-entropy species - specialists - and high entropy species - generalists - was related to the different scales of slope organization. The spatial distribu- tion of plants was compared for different successional stages. Multivariate analysis of sampling plots confirmed previously identified organizational characteristics and clarified the nature of transitions between communities of different floristic composition or structure.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicolas, J P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rou, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, E F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological succession in oligotrophic pastures of central Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correspondence analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slope</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1981</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165-176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dynamics of oligotrophic pastures were analyzed in the area of El Pardo (Central Spain), and related with geomorphological features and time elapsed since the last ploughing. A sampling of the area was carried out regarding these two factors. The data were subjected to correspondence analysis, which showed the progressive replacement of species related to succession, variation along slopes, with a tight interaction between both phenomena. The correspondence between vegetation change and slope geomorphology is closer as succession progresses.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>