<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manzaneda, Antonio J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey, Pedro J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographical and interspecific variation and the nutrient-enrichment hypothesis as an adaptive advantage of myrmecochory</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecography</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">myrmecochory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient-enrichment hypothesis (NEH)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed destination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling survival (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil properties</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.06923.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">322 - 332</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In myrmecochory, the relocation of diaspores to ant nests may lead to the enhancement of plant fitness because ant nests and their middens are often richer in essential nutrients than surrounding areas. This idea is the basis of the nutrient-enrichment hypothesis (NEH), which suggests that nutrient enrichment may be a major selective influence in the evolution of myrmecochory. However, there is little evidence regarding whether the greater plant performance and fitness enhancement in ant nests is due to nutrient enrichment or other benefits of directed dispersal. Here, we present the results of a large-scale seed-sowing experiment that tests the NEH in the ant-dispersed perennial herb Helleborus foetidus, exploring geographical and inter-ant taxa variation. Experiments were conducted in three well-separated regions of the Iberian Peninsula, targeting the nests of major and minor local ant dispersers (nine ant species in total) and the soil beneath maternal plants as seed destinations. Seedling emergence, survival and early establishment rates, as well as variation in soil characteristics, were obtained for each seed destination at each region. Our results do not fully support the NEH in our study system. Instead, we found that the advantage of ant nest soil for establishment in H. foetidus was conditional. Differences in soil fertility and concomitant differences in seedling establishment between ant nests and beneath the canopy of maternal plants were observed in some regions and for some ant species, but not in others. Thus, the conditional outcomes arise from inconsistencies among regions, between stages of seedling regeneration and among ant species in the advantages of being dispersed to nests. Because variation in the guilds of ant dispersers of myrmecochore plants across their ranges is common, this study illustrates the need to consider geographic and inter-ant taxa variation for a complete evaluation of the NEH.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lloret, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought-Induced Multifactor Decline of Scots Pine in the Pyrenees and Potential Vegetation Change by the Expansion of Co-occurring Oak Species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mistletoe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pinus sylvestris l</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scots pine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stand Structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer water availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10021-010-9368-8http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10021-010-9368-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978 - 991</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1002101093</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Episodes of drought-induced tree dieback have been recently observed in many forest areas of the world, particularly at the dry edge of species distributions. Under climate change, those effects could signal potential vegetation shifts occurring over large geographical areas, with major impacts on ecosystem form and function. In this article, we studied the effect of a single drought episode, which occurred in summer 2005, on a Scots pine population in central Pyrenees (NE Spain). Our main objective was to study the environmental correlates of forest decline and vegetation change at the plot level. General and generalized linear models were used to study the relationship between canopy defoliation, mortality and recruitment, and plot characteristics. A droughtdriven multifactor dieback was observed in the study forest. Defoliation and mortality were associated with the local level of drought stress estimated at each plot. In addition, stand structure, soil properties, and mistletoe infection were also associated with the observed pattern of defoliation, presumably acting as long-term predisposing factors. Recruitment of Scots pine was low in all plots. In contrast, we observed abundant recruitment of other tree species, mostlyQuercus ilexand Q. humilis, particularly in plots where Scots pine showed high defoliation and mortality. These results suggest that an altitudinal upwards migration of Quercusspecies, mediated by the dieback of the currently dominant species, may take place in the studied slopes. Many rear-edge populations of Scots pine sheltered in the mountain environments of the Iberian Peninsula could be at risk under future climate scenarios.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardini, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gispert, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dunjó, Gemma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Runoff erosion and nutrient depletion in five Mediterranean soils of NE Spain under different land use.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Science of the total environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutrient losses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">runoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sediment yield</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water retention</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12798105</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213 - 224</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the influence of agricultural management and various plant covers related to the period of abandonment on soil properties, erosion and nutrient depletion in a typical Mediterranean area with sandy loam shallow soils. Cultivated soils (CS) with insufficient management, 5 year abandoned soils covered with meadow (A5), 25 year abandoned soils covered with dense scrubs (A25), 50 year abandoned soils covered with cork trees (A50) and soils in a 50 year pine reforested area (P50) were studied over a period of 6 months (May-October 1999). The soils were classified as Lithic Xerorthents. Both the differences in soil properties and response to rainfall events were mainly attributed to the different vegetation types and stages in land management. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the results, by running the overall data determined after five rainfall events. The factors extracted by PCA of the samples by variables matrix represented the response of the environments to different rainfall intensities as a function of management or natural evolution after abandonment. CS environments showed the highest runoff and sediment yield as well as the highest amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen in runoff water. The sequence of abandonment (A5, A25 and A50) showed approximately the same runoff production, whereas eroded sediments (ES) and DOC were inversely correlated. Organic carbon in the ES and DOC in runoff water always increased with the period of abandonment, which accounted for consistent nutrient depletion. Nevertheless, the A50 environment (dominated by Quercus suber) showed the best soil properties, whilst the A25 environment with dense cover of Cistus monspeliensis and Calicotome espinosa seemed to cause a worsening effect on the soil's physical and chemical properties. This is probably because these environments are more severely damaged by wild fire occurrence. In terms of sediment yield, the P50 environment followed CS environment, indicating that reforestation followed by insufficient forest management may negatively affect both soil properties and response to the erosive action of rainfall.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 12798105</style></notes></record></records></xml>