<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aafi, Abderrahman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KADMIRI, A A E L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richesse et diversité floristique de la suberaie de la Mamora (Maroc)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Botanica Malacitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">richeness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127-138</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The survey aims to quantify the floristic richeness and diversity of the Mamora’s forest oak-cork ecosystem on the basis of transects and floristic samples distributed according to a stratified and systematic sampling in the different plant formations previously distinguished. The results show that the ecosystem contains 62 families, 261 genders, 408 species, subspecies and varieties : 35 very rare taxa , 29 rare taxa ; 18 endemic taxa, 1 very rare and endemic taxa and 4 rare and endemic taxa. The survey has, otherwise, permitted to reveal the total disappearance of Erica arborea and E. scoparia from this ecosystem and to define the biological spectrum of the studied region, wich is characterized with a clear dominance of therophytes (50.5%).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aafi, Abderrahman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KADMIRI, A. A. E. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richesse et diversité floristique de la suberaie de la Mamora (Maroc)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Botanica Malacitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">richeness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.bioveg.uma.es/abm/volumenes/vol30/08.mamora.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127 - 138</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The survey aims to quantify the floristic richeness and diversity of the Mamora’s forest oak-cork ecosystem on the basis of transects and floristic samples distributed according to a stratified and systematic sampling in the different plant formations previously distinguished. The results show that the ecosystem contains 62 families, 261 genders, 408 species, subspecies and varieties : 35 very rare taxa , 29 rare taxa ; 18 endemic taxa, 1 very rare and endemic taxa and 4 rare and endemic taxa. The survey has, otherwise, permitted to reveal the total disappearance of Erica arborea and E. scoparia from this ecosystem and to define the biological spectrum of the studied region, wich is characterized with a clear dominance of therophytes (50.5%).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Badri, Naïma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abadie, Michel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations sur la dynamique du développement du Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont. sur le chêne-liège, Quercus suber L., au Maroc</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptogamie Mycologie</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pathology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ultrastructure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora forest in Rabat (Morocco) was a wide forest of cork oak which is rapidly disappearing. This crisis is caused by both human exploitation and overgrazing by animals. This situation is also affected by the existence of harmful insects and parasitic fungi. One of the most common species is Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont. (group of Coelomycetes) anamorph of Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoem., which causes withering and cankers on trunks and branches. The electron microscope observations on pycnosporogenesis and the study of the relation plant-host-pathogen show the structure and the biological cycle of Diplodia mutila, the endophytic and the systemic development of the pathogen and the irreversible damage on the plant host. This study is a contribution to the research on cork-oak forest protection.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Badri, Naïma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abadie, Michel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations sur la dynamique du développement du Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont. sur le chêne-liège, Quercus suber L., au Maroc</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptogamie Mycologie</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pathology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ultrastructure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0181158400010526</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235 - 248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora forest in Rabat (Morocco) was a wide forest of cork oak which is rapidly disappearing. This crisis is caused by both human exploitation and overgrazing by animals. This situation is also affected by the existence of harmful insects and parasitic fungi. One of the most common species is Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont. (group of Coelomycetes) anamorph of Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoem., which causes withering and cankers on trunks and branches. The electron microscope observations on pycnosporogenesis and the study of the relation plant-host-pathogen show the structure and the biological cycle of Diplodia mutila, the endophytic and the systemic development of the pathogen and the irreversible damage on the plant host. This study is a contribution to the research on cork-oak forest protection.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lepoutre, B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Régénération artificielle du chêne-liege et équilibre climacique de la subéraie en forêt de la Mamora</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annales de la Recherche Forestiere au Maroc</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chêne-liège</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conditions édaphiques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drainage (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">épaisseur des sables</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">réussite des semis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semis artificiels</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1967</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">188</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to determine the edaphical conditions, which warrant a successful artificial regeneration of the cork-oak in the Mamora forest, the author passes in review previous inquiries and to begin points out material already learned on this problem. After giving a quick glance at the nature of soils constituted by a sandy cover of variable depth (0,40 to 6 ni) on an antique argillaceous- sandy deep formation, the author firstly puts forward the obviousness of the harmful influence of the considerable sand depths on the artificial regeneration of the cork-oak in the western Mamora. Inversely, he shows that a successful regeneration is as surely secured when the deep argilla- ceous-sandy formation called (( Mamora red clay D is closer to the surface. At this juncture, he manages to specify that the depth of sand over two meters is incompatible with the growth of cork-oak seedlings, but that the latter is subject to variations in cases where clay is close to the surface. The analysis of these variations enables the detection of a new factor of a favourable issue, which can be defined by the intensity of the side draining, the best outcome being under the conditions of a medium side-draining. Leaving the western Mamora with its more humid climate, the author continues his investigations in the semi-arid central Mamora. Generally, the soils are here less deep and the side-draining appears as a determinant factor in a favourable outcome or a failure of artificial cork-oak sowings. On flat or slighty sloping grounds the zones of failures fall in with localizations of perched winter phreatic sheets. The mechanical action of these sheets is studied parallelly with the nature of the cultural profile and the cork-oak rooting. Then, it becomes evident that the young cork-oak is unable to hold its ground during summer unless its radicular system succeeded to settle in the deep clay during the winter. On a sloping ground, the author comes to consider the depth of the sand as a vertical component of the draining and couples it with the horizoiztal component represented by the slope. Every sowing inventory site can be defined in this way through its draining characteristics and be graphically shown in relation to two axis of rectangular co-ordinates, bearing respectively, the slope on the absciss and the depth on the ordinate. Then, in applying to each inventory site a criterion for the growth of a sowing, the author comes to set up a diagram showing on one hand, the relationship between the good issue or the failure, and on the other hand, the draining. The study of the said diagram provides esential laws of repartition of successful issues and failures in the artificial regeneration. This method of study being applied to the even more arid oriental Mamora brings forward new results, while it warrants replacing the results of western Mamora into the same ecological scope. Comparing the three climatic sectors, it becomes possible to introduce climate as a factor in the interpreting of the results and, finally, to determine the edaphical climatic conditions of cork-oak regeneration in Mamora forest. This successful method, which seems to supply essential ecological elements to determine the installation and the growing of young cork-oaks leads the author to follow up his investigations, this time in the adult cork-oak forest, making evident the laws of the repartition of the forest dependent on draining, but, where he also shows the link between the density and the age of the stump range on one hand, and the edapho- climatic conditions on the other hand. Finally this study ends at the equilibrium of the climax in the cork-oak The synthesis warrants, in fact, comparing the previous conditions of the installation of the cork-oak, the more recent and the present one, by means of studies, respectively of old trees, young pole stage, and artificial regeneration. forest. Thereupon conclusions can be obtained in two fields. On the practical plan, the author lays down a correlation between the conditions of cork-oak artificial sowing and the density or the state of an adult forest. This correlation is the key to interpret the air photogra- phic covering in view of artificial regeneration and enables to ground a new management, based on extremely precise rules. On the ecological plan, the author is able to determine accurately the evolution of the forest, an evolution expressed by three natural states related to edapho-climatic conditions. The first state, where the regressive dynamism of the afforestation is observed by the presence of very old trees and where sowing is ineffective ; it is the old thin forest on deep sands or steep slopes. The second, where, on the contrary, exists a progressive dynamism of afforestation ; there are no trees, but empty spaces are conquered by young seedlings or by successful artificial regenerations. The third, where the equilibrium of the forest is secured by a strong density and a younger age of individuals, combined with the possibility of artificial or natural sowing. The author suggests for these three states the following denominations : postclimax, preclimax and euclimax, which would subdivide the general notion of climax as commonly used, and in which the existence of ecological equivalents forbids in any case the dissociation of edaphical factors and climatic conditions. He notes the interest of this notion of climax equilibrium in the scope of forestry management and, finally, underlines the parallelism of these conclusions with the one of his previous works, asserting a present seasonal climatic evolution in Morocco.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>