<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carpintero, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jurado, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prades, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Application of a kiln drying technique to Quercus suber L. cork planks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food and Bioproducts Processing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compressive properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiln drying</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moisture content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thickness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traditional air drying</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960308513001351</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">At present, all of the cork used to manufacture natural stoppers is air dried for a minimum of 6 months. This study evaluates the feasibility of applying a kiln drying technique to cork planks. We used a sample of 65 planks, each of which was divided into two pieces. One sub-set of planks was air dried for 6 months following the traditional procedure, while the other was kiln dried for 14 days. The evolution of moisture content was controlled, and both methods were compared by means of a statistical analysis of the thickness, quality, porosity coefficient, color and compressive properties of the cork. The reduction in moisture content was similar for both traditional air drying and kiln drying. At the end of the drying, cork thickness increased with both methods, although a larger increase was observed for the kiln drying method. Statistically significant differences were not found for the mean porosity coefficient or quality. Although statistically significant differences in the color of the cork were detected, it would be necessary to verify if such differences are detectable by the human eye. No differences were found in the compressive properties of the cork for a significance level of less than 1%. This feasibility study concludes that kiln drying is a suitable technique as it significantly reduces the drying time and holding costs of the raw material. The application of this technique would constitute an innovation in the transformation process by controlling the climatic variables that affect the drying process.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anjos, Ofélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosa, Maria Emília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of radial bending properties of cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Wood and Wood Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bending</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fracture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">557-563</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The behaviour of cork under three point bending stress in the radial direction was evaluated in relation to porosity (range 2.0–15.4%) and density (range 0.160– 0.220 g cm−3 ). The study was made using water-boiled cork planks of two commercial quality classes (good and poor quality) collected at an industrial mill. Cork samples were cut with the largest dimension in two directions, axial and tangential, and with the load zone in the inner part and the outer part of the plank. The stress-strain curves obtained in bending were similar for the different test specimens and similar to those observed for tensile tests in cork but the mechanical resistance of cork in bending was higher than in tension and lower than in compression. The direction of the internal stress in samples submitted to bending was a highly signiﬁcant factor of variation. The curves showed an initial linear elastic region with a mean Young’s modulus of 14 MPa for the tangential direction and 21 MPa for the axial direction, followed by a region of a gradual cork yielding up to a peak load, and failure at an average stress of 1.2 MPa and a strain of 14%. There was signiﬁcant difference in the bending properties of cork samples obtained from cork planks of different quality classes. Density and porosity were not individually well correlated with the mechanical parameters. It was however possible to model Young’s modulus by combining porosity and density.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pestana, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carneiro, Luís</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lousada, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardinha, Raúl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relação entre as Características Morfológicas e a Qualidade da Cortiça</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva Lusitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multivariate analyses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scielopt</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-11</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0870-6352 UL - http://www.scielo.gpeari.mctes.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522011000100001&amp;nrm=iso</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">. The main drive of this study was to contribute for a better knowledge about the relationship between the quality of cork and its morphology, aiming to finding out the predictive capacity of the morphological characteristics and their weight to discriminate and select cork quality. Board cork samples were taken out from 9 sample trees (3 trees x 3 sites) and they were prepared to allow quantitative classification according to punctuation classification as described by CARVALHO (1992). Data analysis was done using numerical taxonomy methods. Results generated allow emphasizing that: • The use of punctuation criteria showed the usefulness and significance of some morphological characteristics to segregate cork quality; • Good quality corks were characterized by higher values of the belly's color and low values of the belly’s relief, and its unevenness, and the size and density of the inclusions in the cork mass as well; • Bad quality corks showed a set of dominant morphological characteristics: density, distribution, aggregation and size variation of lenticels and a pronounced relief and also the size of incrustations on the belly; • The introduction of one more parameters – apparent density (DA) – in the morphological analysis did not alter quality classification</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anjos, Ofélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosa, M. Emília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tensile properties of cork in axial stress and influence of porosity, density, quality and radial position in the plank</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Wood and Wood Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tensile</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00107-009-0407-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85 - 91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The behaviour of cork under tensile stress in the axial direction was studied for samples taken from cork planks of good (class 1) and poor (class 4) quality grades and at three radial positions within the plank (inner, mid and outer positions). The effect of cork density (ranging from 0.123 to 0.203 g cm−3 ) and porosity (ranging from 2.8 to 9.6% in the tangential surface) on Young’s modulus and fracture stress and strain was studied. The tensile stress-strain curves of cork showed an elastic deformation up to 2% strain with a Young’s modulus of 30.8 MPa, and a fracture stress of 1.05 MPa at a strain of 7.1% for class 1, and Young’s modulus of 26.1 MPa, and a fracture stress of 0.77 MPa at a strain of 5.5% for class 4. Fracture always started at a pore. The quality class and the radial position in the plank were highly signiﬁcant factors of the tensile properties variation with good quality cork in the inner part of the plank showing the highest strength. Density inﬂuenced the elastic behaviour of cork with a highly signiﬁcant correlation of increasing E with density,but not so clearly the fracture stress and strain. The variability of tensile properties with porosity was large and although signiﬁcant, the correlations were lower in spite of a decreasing trend of E with porosity. Fracture depended on the type of defects in cork.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anjos, Ofélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosa, M Emília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of quality, porosity and density on the compression properties of cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stress (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">295-301</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The compression properties of cork were studied on samples obtained from cork planks of two commercial quality classes (good and poor quality), with densities ranging from 0.12–0.20g cm−3 and porosities from 0.5 to 22.0%. The stress-strain curves were characterized by an elastic region up to approximately 5% strain, followed by a large plateau up to 60% strain caused by the progressive buckling of cell walls, and a steep stress increase for higher strains corresponding to cell collapse. The direction of compression was a highly signiﬁcant factor of variation, with cork showing higher strength for the radial compression. Density inﬂuenced compression and cork samples with higher density showed overall larger resistance to compression in the three directions. In the elastic region, an exponential model of Young’s modulus in function of cork density could be adjusted. The effect of porosity on compression was small and the stress-strain curves were similar regardless of the porosity of the samples, although there was a trend toward an overall increase of stress with porosity for higher strains. Porosity was characterised by a high variability in the anatomical features of the lenticular ﬁlling material and the presence of collapsed and thick walled ligniﬁed cells. The inclusion of a porosity parameter for the modelling of the elastic modulus did not improve the prediction obtained with densitybased models. There was no signiﬁcant difference in the compression properties of cork samples obtained from cork planks of good and poor quality classes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anjos, Ofélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosa, M. Emília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of quality, porosity and density on the compression properties of cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stress (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00107-008-0248-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">295 - 301</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The compression properties of cork were studied on samples obtained from cork planks of two commercial quality classes (good and poor quality), with densities ranging from 0.12–0.20g cm−3 and porosities from 0.5 to 22.0%. The stress-strain curves were characterized by an elastic region up to approximately 5% strain, followed by a large plateau up to 60% strain caused by the progressive buckling of cell walls, and a steep stress increase for higher strains corresponding to cell collapse. The direction of compression was a highly signiﬁcant factor of variation, with cork showing higher strength for the radial compression. Density inﬂuenced compression and cork samples with higher density showed overall larger resistance to compression in the three directions. In the elastic region, an exponential model of Young’s modulus in function of cork density could be adjusted. The effect of porosity on compression was small and the stress-strain curves were similar regardless of the porosity of the samples, although there was a trend toward an overall increase of stress with porosity for higher strains. Porosity was characterised by a high variability in the anatomical features of the lenticular ﬁlling material and the presence of collapsed and thick walled ligniﬁed cells. The inclusion of a porosity parameter for the modelling of the elastic modulus did not improve the prediction obtained with densitybased models. There was no signiﬁcant difference in the compression properties of cork samples obtained from cork planks of good and poor quality classes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barreto, Luís Soares</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O Algoritmo BARCOR: Classificação de Cortiça para Rolhas Recorrendo a Quatro Atributos de Qualidade</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva Lusitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algorithm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stoppers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207 - 227</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0870-6352 UL - http://www.scielo.gpeari.mctes.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522008000300006&amp;nrm=iso</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">t. The author proposes an analytical method named algorithm BARCOR that integrates TOPSIS (&quot;Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution&quot;), regression, tree models and cluster analysis, to select the minimum number of attributes of cork quality to efficiently classify this material when used to the production of stoppers. When using attributes evenly weighted he shows that only the four attributes are sufficient. If unevenly weights of the attributes are used, this number can be reduced to three. He proposes two models with four and three attributes as explanatory variables to obtain expedite and preliminary classifications of the cork. He admits that the algorithm has potential to be applied in other similar situations.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: scielopt</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barreto, Luís Soares</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O Algoritmo BARCOR: Classificação de Cortiça para Rolhas Recorrendo a Quatro Atributos de Qualidade</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva Lusitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algorithm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stoppers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scielopt</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207-227</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0870-6352 UL - http://www.scielo.gpeari.mctes.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522008000300006&amp;nrm=iso</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">t. The author proposes an analytical method named algorithm BARCOR that integrates TOPSIS (&quot;Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution&quot;), regression, tree models and cluster analysis, to select the minimum number of attributes of cork quality to efficiently classify this material when used to the production of stoppers. When using attributes evenly weighted he shows that only the four attributes are sufficient. If unevenly weights of the attributes are used, this number can be reduced to three. He proposes two models with four and three attributes as explanatory variables to obtain expedite and preliminary classifications of the cork. He admits that the algorithm has potential to be applied in other similar situations.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pestana, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Louzada, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardinha, Raúl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classificação das Cortiças para a Produção de Rolha, Recorrendo a um Critério Objectivo: Parte II - Os Provetes (Os Quadros)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva Lusitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">image analyses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multivariate analyses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51 - 73</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0870-6352 UL - http://www.scielo.gpeari.mctes.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522005000200004&amp;nrm=iso</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This work intends to contribute towards better knowledge of qualitative cork qualification, through the creation of an objective classification criterion that can be reproducible, independent of the operator, and therefore be as accurate and reliable as possible. A comparison of the qualitative classification according to the punctuation criterion, applied to the cork samples of the 9 sample trees together with those generated by the criterion resulting from the data of the physical and chemical characteristics, were performed on the same cork samples striped from the same sampled trees. The results of this work emphasized that: • The objective classification based in physical and mechanical parameters assures the reproduction of the results, which does not happen with the punctuation criterion. • It was not verified that there is any relationship between the stripping positions and the quality of cork samples used. • The introduction of a chemical indicator – tenor of suberine – in the analyses of data of cork strips had not improved the segregation among the different cork qualities</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: scielopt</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pestana, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Louzada, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardinha, Raúl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classificação das Cortiças para a Produção de Rolha, Recorrendo a um Critério Objectivo: Parte II - Os Provetes (Os Quadros)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva Lusitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">image analyses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multivariate analyses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scielopt</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-73</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0870-6352 UL - http://www.scielo.gpeari.mctes.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522005000200004&amp;nrm=iso</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This work intends to contribute towards better knowledge of qualitative cork qualification, through the creation of an objective classification criterion that can be reproducible, independent of the operator, and therefore be as accurate and reliable as possible. A comparison of the qualitative classification according to the punctuation criterion, applied to the cork samples of the 9 sample trees together with those generated by the criterion resulting from the data of the physical and chemical characteristics, were performed on the same cork samples striped from the same sampled trees. The results of this work emphasized that: • The objective classification based in physical and mechanical parameters assures the reproduction of the results, which does not happen with the punctuation criterion. • It was not verified that there is any relationship between the stripping positions and the quality of cork samples used. • The introduction of a chemical indicator – tenor of suberine – in the analyses of data of cork strips had not improved the segregation among the different cork qualities</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GONZALEZ-ADRADOS, J R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCIA-VALLEJO, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De laVEGA, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCIDENCIA DE LA MANCHA AMARILLA SOBRE LA CALIDAD DEL CORCHO</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">yellow stain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granada</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A brief survey is presented about the state-of-the-art of the influence over cork quality of the so called &quot;yellow stain&quot;, a cork anomaly related to non-desired taints in wine. Data coming from an inquiry to the industry on this topic are presented, showing the importance of the problem. A bibliographical search on the mechanical, chemical, and microbiological characterization of cork presenting this defect has also been done. Final results show the changes in the industrial processes and the techniques that are being studied to obtain the cork quality level requested by the wineries</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GONZÁLEZ, J R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Vega, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristóbal, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROCESADO DE LABORATORIO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE LOS PARAMETROS CARACTERISTICOS DEL CORCHO EN PLANCHA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characteristic parameter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8-13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We enumerate a register of trials and laboratory operations to process pluggings from probes and cork planks in general. We also set the cheracteristic parameter before and after heating and the formula to calculate them is shown</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GONZÁLEZ, J R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCIA DE CECA, J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GONZÁLEZ, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VARIABILIDAD DE LOS PARAMETROS CARACTERÍSTICOS DEL CORCHO EN PLANCHA CON LA ALTURA DE EXTRACCIÓN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characteristic parameter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granada</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135 cork sample planks have been gotten from 15 trees ready to uncork. Planks were taken from 5 different heights and 2 orientations. 12 variables have been measured and studied from them. The following variables show a decrease in their values with the extraction height: Yearly average growth in thickness and superficial density before and after boiling. Two groups based on the sampling average height of 130 cm can be made with the following variables: thickness expansion, visual quality and coefficient of porosity. With few exceptions, the quality index (QI) shows a bigger commercial value for the cork coming from the upper part of the debarking height</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Alexandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caractérisation de la croissance et de la qualité du liège dans une région de production</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2000169</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187 - 193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork growth and quality were characterised in 5 cork oak stands within the production area of the Sado basin (Alcácer do Sal, Portugal) based on a field sampling on 40 trees/stand. Cork thickness was on average 33.8 mm, with 75% of the samples in the commercial classes above 27 mm suitable for production of stoppers. Porosity measured by image analysis was 4.6% on average. Between tree and between stand variability of cork quality was large. The annual average cork growth for a production cycle with 8 complete growth years was 4.1 mm, being highest during the years following cork extraction and decreasing during the cycle. For this region, a production cycle of 9 years is adequate for raw-material industrial requirements. The results show the importance of between tree variability in growth and especially in quality.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Alexandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caractérisation de la croissance et de la qualité du liège dans une région de production</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork growth and quality were characterised in 5 cork oak stands within the production area of the Sado basin (Alcácer do Sal, Portugal) based on a field sampling on 40 trees/stand. Cork thickness was on average 33.8 mm, with 75% of the samples in the commercial classes above 27 mm suitable for production of stoppers. Porosity measured by image analysis was 4.6% on average. Between tree and between stand variability of cork quality was large. The annual average cork growth for a production cycle with 8 complete growth years was 4.1 mm, being highest during the years following cork extraction and decreasing during the cycle. For this region, a production cycle of 9 years is adequate for raw-material industrial requirements. The results show the importance of between tree variability in growth and especially in quality.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of cork growth and quality in one region of production.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187 - 193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork growth and quality were characterised in 5 cork oak stands within the production area of the Sado basin (Alcacer do Sal, Portugal) based on a field sampling on 40 trees/stand. Cork thickness was on average 33.8 mm, with 75% of the samples in the commercial classes above 27 mm suitable for production of stoppers. Porosity measured by image analysis was 4.6% on average. Between toe and between stand variability of cork quality was large. The annual average cork growth for a production cycle with 8 complete growth years was 4.1 mm, being highest during the years following cork extraction and decreasing during the cycle. For this region, a production cycle of 9 years is adequate for raw-material industrial requirements. The results show the importance of between tree variability in growth and especially in quality.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of cork growth and quality in one region of production.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork growth and quality were characterised in 5 cork oak stands within the production area of the Sado basin (Alcacer do Sal, Portugal) based on a field sampling on 40 trees/stand. Cork thickness was on average 33.8 mm, with 75% of the samples in the commercial classes above 27 mm suitable for production of stoppers. Porosity measured by image analysis was 4.6% on average. Between toe and between stand variability of cork quality was large. The annual average cork growth for a production cycle with 8 complete growth years was 4.1 mm, being highest during the years following cork extraction and decreasing during the cycle. For this region, a production cycle of 9 years is adequate for raw-material industrial requirements. The results show the importance of between tree variability in growth and especially in quality.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Courtois, Michèle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masson, Philippe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relations entre la qualité du liège, sa composition minérale et la composition minérale des feuilles du chêne-liège (Quercus suber L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inorganic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521-527</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relationships between the quality of cork, its inorganic content and the inorganic content of the leaves of the cork-oak (Quercus suber L.). The aim of this work is to set up a relationship between the quality of cork, its inorganic content and the inorganic content of the leaves of the cork-oak. The mineral contents of both leaves and cork were identified for a range of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese). The quality of the cork was evaluated by experts in the cork industry on the basis of visual assessment of cork stoppers resulting from each tree. A study of correlations between the cork inorganic contents and the quality of cork demonstrates that, among those measures, only the potassium content of cork is related to the cork quality. The cork quality seems to be independent of the leaf inorganic content, which is held to be an indicator of the cork-oak mineral nutrition. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Courtois, Michèle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masson, Philippe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relations entre la qualité du liège, sa composition minérale et la composition minérale des feuilles du chêne-liège (Quercus suber L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inorganic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19990609</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521 - 527</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relationships between the quality of cork, its inorganic content and the inorganic content of the leaves of the cork-oak (Quercus suber L.). The aim of this work is to set up a relationship between the quality of cork, its inorganic content and the inorganic content of the leaves of the cork-oak. The mineral contents of both leaves and cork were identified for a range of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese). The quality of the cork was evaluated by experts in the cork industry on the basis of visual assessment of cork stoppers resulting from each tree. A study of correlations between the cork inorganic contents and the quality of cork demonstrates that, among those measures, only the potassium content of cork is related to the cork quality. The cork quality seems to be independent of the leaf inorganic content, which is held to be an indicator of the cork-oak mineral nutrition. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goby, J P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rochon, J J</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flamant, JC and Gabina, D and Diaz, ME</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of goat milk and cheese qualities and the influence of the livestock production system in the Mediterranean</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIS OF THE QUALITY OF TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN ANIMAL PRODUCTS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cheese</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">milk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-243</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-74134-53-X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The herds of dairy goats using marginal areas of the French&lt;br/&gt;Mediterranean region have a double objective: milk production and&lt;br/&gt;maintenance of the natural environment in areas prone to fires. The&lt;br/&gt;association of rearing techniques adapted to the conservation of the&lt;br/&gt;natural environment and to quality milk production is a key factor in&lt;br/&gt;the survival of the systems. In the Eastern Pyrenees, milk quality in&lt;br/&gt;two goat systems is studied.&lt;br/&gt;A rangeland-based system: situated at the piedemont of the Alberes&lt;br/&gt;Massif, the site integrates a cork oak grove with a maquis-type cover of&lt;br/&gt;Erica arborea. The herd grazes in the maquis and also feed on hay and&lt;br/&gt;concentrate.&lt;br/&gt;A system based on forage: situated on the plains, the herd is fed in the&lt;br/&gt;stable.&lt;br/&gt;The first results of the rangeland system show a large evolution of the&lt;br/&gt;butyric acid levels and and inversion of these levels in the summer.&lt;br/&gt;Judging from the selection made by the goats, the supply of nutrients on&lt;br/&gt;the rangeland is less rich in fibre than the composition of shrubs would&lt;br/&gt;lead us to think.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>