<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simeone, Marco C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piredda, Roberta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papini, Alessio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vessella, Federico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schirone, Bartolomeo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Application of plastid and nuclear markers to DNA barcoding of Euro-Mediterranean oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae): problems, prospects and phylogenetic implications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regional sampling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a--n/a</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA barcoding, a species identification system based on sequences from a short, standardized DNA region, has emerged recently as a new tool for taxonomists. We investigated the discriminatory power of a subset of highly variable proposed plant barcoding loci (matK, trnH-psbA, ITS2) in Quercus, a taxonomically complex tree genus of global importance. The research included all currently recognized species and some major variants of the Mediterranean region and Europe (32 taxa) and 17 East Asian and North American species used for comparison. Based on sequence character state, we assigned unique plastid haplotypes to 40.8% of the investigated species; ITS2 increased the resolution up to 87.8% of total taxa. Nevertheless, unsuccessful genetic distance-based discrimination questioned the potential efficiency of correct species identification for future studies. Most species appeared to be nonmonophyletic in parallel phylogenetic tests. Three subgeneric groups were outlined, with different rates of within-group variability and geographical differentiation. Members of one of these groups (corresponding to the Eurasian Group Ilex) were paraphyletic to Group Quercus from the New and Old World and the Eurasian Group Cerris. The data gathered indicate that barcoding markers may help to identify closely related species clusters and contribute to the inference of major diversification and evolutionary patterns in oaks, but the methodology per se appears to be of limited efficacy in defining species limits, unless we make a profound revision of traditional Quercus taxonomic categories. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 00, 000–000.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valero Galván, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valledor, Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González Fernandez, Raquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro Cerrillo, Rafael M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorrín-Novo, Jesús V</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteomic analysis of Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) pollen.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of proteomics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Proteins: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollen: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteome: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteomics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteomics: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorpti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2736-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents an analysis of Holm oak pollen proteome, together with an evaluation of the potentiality that a proteomic approach may have in the provenance variability assessment. Proteins were extracted from pollen of four Holm oak provenances, and they were analyzed by gel-based (1- and 2-DE in combination with MALDI-TOF/TOF) and gel-free (nLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS) approaches. A comparison of 1- and 2-DE protein profiles of the four provenances revealed significant differences, both qualitative and quantitative, in abundance (18 bands and 16 spots, respectively). Multivariate statistical analysis carried out on bands and spots clearly showed distinct associations between provenances, which highlight their geographical origins. A total of 100 spots selected from the 402 spots observed on 2-DE gels were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Moreover, a complementary gel-free shotgun approach was performed by nLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS. The identified proteins were classified according to biological processes, and most proteins in both approaches were related to metabolism and defense/stress processes. The nLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS analysis allowed us the identification of proteins belonging to the cell wall and division, transport and translation categories. Besides providing the first reference map of Holm oak pollen, our results confirm previous studies based on morphological observations and acorn proteomic analysis. Moreover, our data support the valuable use of proteomic techniques as phylogenetic tool in plant studies.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22484522</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barreto, Maria C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Houbraken, Jos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samson, Robert A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brito, Dulce</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadanho, Mário</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Romão, Maria V</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unveiling the fungal mycobiota present throughout the cork stopper manufacturing process</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEMS Microbiology Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cloning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">denaturing gel electrophoresis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metagenome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mycobiota diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penicillium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penicillium: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penicillium: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Bark: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribosomal Spacer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribosomal Spacer: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uncultivable fungal species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">202-214</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A particular fungal population is present in the main stages of the manufacturing process of cork discs. Its diversity was studied using both dependent (isolation) and independent culture methods (denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and cloning of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region). The mycobiota in the samples taken in the stages before and after the first boiling seems to be distinct from the population in the subsequent manufacturing stages. Most isolated fungi belong to the genera Penicillium, Eurotium and Cladosporium. The presence of uncultivable fungi, Ascomycota and endophytes in raw cork was confirmed by sequencing. The samples taken after the first boiling contained uncultivable fungi, but in a few samples some isolated fungi were also detected. The main taxa present in the following stages were Chrysonilia sitophila, Penicillium glabrum and Penicillium spp. All applied techniques had complementary outcomes. The main factors driving the shift in cork fungal colonization seem to be the high levels of humidity and temperature to which the slabs are subjected during the boiling process.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22630140</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monson, Russell K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jones, Ryan T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenstiel, Todd N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why only some plants emit isoprene.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant, cell &amp; environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ferns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phloem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">substrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermotolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ﬁtness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22998549</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is emitted from many plants and it appears to have an adaptive role in protecting leaves from abiotic stress. However, only some species emit isoprene. Isoprene emission has appeared and been lost many times independently during the evolution of plants. As an example, our phylogenetic analysis shows that isoprene emission is likely ancestral within the family Fabaceae (= Leguminosae), but that it has been lost at least 16 times and secondarily gained at least 10 times through independent evolutionary events. Within the division Pteridophyta (ferns), we conservatively estimate that isoprene emissions have been gained five times and lost two times through independent evolutionary events. Within the genus Quercus (oaks), isoprene emissions have been lost from one clade, but replaced by a novel type of light-dependent monoterpene emissions that uses the same metabolic pathways and substrates as isoprene emissions. This novel type of monoterpene emissions has appeared at least twice independently within Quercus, and has been lost from 9% of the individuals within a single population of Quercus suber. Gain and loss of gene function for isoprene synthase is possible through relatively few mutations. Thus, this trait appears frequently in lineages; but, once it appears, the time available for evolutionary radiation into environments that select for the trait is short relative to the time required for mutations capable of producing a non-functional isoprene synthase gene. The high frequency of gains and losses of the trait and its heterogeneous taxonomic distribution in plants may be explained by the relatively few mutations necessary to produce or lose the isoprene synthase gene combined with the assumption that isoprene emission is advantageous in a narrow range of environments and phenotypes.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22998549</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bragança, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rigling, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diogo, Eugénio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capelo, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillips, Alan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tenreiro, Rogério</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryphonectria naterciae: a new species in the Cryphonectria-Endothia complex and diagnostic molecular markers based on microsatellite-primed PCR.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascomycota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascomycota: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascomycota: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascomycota: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chestnut tree</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak tree</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryphonectria parasitica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryphonectria radicalis (GACA)4</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Primers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Primers: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endothiella gyrosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal Proteins: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microsatellite Repeats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MSP-PCR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycological Typing Techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycological Typing Techniques: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Diseases: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RFLP-PCR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tubulin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tubulin: genetics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21872182</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">852 - 861</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a recent study intended to assess the distribution of Cryphonectria parasitica in Portugal, 22 morphologically atypical orange isolates were collected in the Midwestern regions. Eleven isolates were recovered from Castanea sativa, in areas severely affected by chestnut blight and eleven isolates from Quercus suber in areas with cork oak decline. These isolates were compared with known C. parasitica and Cryphonectria radicalis isolates using an integrated approach comprising morphological and molecular methods. Morphologically the atypical isolates were more similar to C. radicalis than to C. parasitica. Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin sequence data grouped the isolates in a well-supported clade separate from C. radicalis. Combining morphological, cultural, and molecular data Cryphonectria naterciae is newly described in the Cryphonectria-Endothia complex. Microsatellite-primed PCR fingerprinting with (GACA)(4) primer discriminated between C. naterciae, C. radicalis, and C. parasitica.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 21872182</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Heredia, U L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jimenez, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collada, Carmen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-marker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveals vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taxon</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AFLP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cpDNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ITS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vicariance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1209-1220</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuclear (AFLPs and ITSs) and chloroplast DNA markers (cpDNA) were analysed in Quercus suber L., Q. ilex L. and Q. coccifera L. in order to detect vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean Basin populations. Clustering methods, i.e., parsimony, minimum spanning network, UPGMA and PCO, were used to obtain robust phylogenies. The Mantel test was used to check the geographic structure of the populations. Nuclear markers’ based phylogenies showed high bootstrap values at basal nodes of clusters indicative of species. Within species, Q. suber and Q. ilex showed three and two groups respectively with strong geographic structure for cytoplasmic and nuclear markers. In contrast, Q. coccifera had overlapping cpDNA lineages and nuclear markers did not show any group with strong geographic structure. Taxonomic assignation of the species was well-supported by our data. Ongoing allopatric speciation was inferred for Q. suber and Q. ilex derived from Pliocene vicariant events. Quercus coccifera showed a more homogeneous genetic pattern in the Western Mediterranean.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Heredia, U. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JIMÉNEZ, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collada, Carmen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-marker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveals vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taxon</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AFLP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cpDNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ITS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vicariance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2007/00000056/00000004/art00016</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1209 - 1220</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuclear (AFLPs and ITSs) and chloroplast DNA markers (cpDNA) were analysed in Quercus suber L., Q. ilex L. and Q. coccifera L. in order to detect vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean Basin populations. Clustering methods, i.e., parsimony, minimum spanning network, UPGMA and PCO, were used to obtain robust phylogenies. The Mantel test was used to check the geographic structure of the populations. Nuclear markers’ based phylogenies showed high bootstrap values at basal nodes of clusters indicative of species. Within species, Q. suber and Q. ilex showed three and two groups respectively with strong geographic structure for cytoplasmic and nuclear markers. In contrast, Q. coccifera had overlapping cpDNA lineages and nuclear markers did not show any group with strong geographic structure. Taxonomic assignation of the species was well-supported by our data. Ongoing allopatric speciation was inferred for Q. suber and Q. ilex derived from Pliocene vicariant events. Quercus coccifera showed a more homogeneous genetic pattern in the Western Mediterranean.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arenal, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Platas, Gonzalo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pelaez, Fernando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new endophytic species of Preussia (Sporormiaceae) inferred from morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FUNGAL DIVERSITY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascomycota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bayesian analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elongation factor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ITS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LSU</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maximum likelihood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rDNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sporormiaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">taxonomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 17</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new species of Preussia as an endophyte of different typical Mediterranean plant species is newly described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological features. Preussia mediterranea resembles P. australis, P. africana and P. similis from a morphological point of view, but appeared closer to P. minima and P. isabellae by molecular analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire ITS region combined with the D1-D2 domains of the 28S rRNA gene, and a fragment of the elongation factor EF-1 alpha gene, using Maximum Likelihood and a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, generally resulted in statistically well-supported clades for all the species studied. Morphological data and molecular phylogenetic analysis supported the recognition of the new taxon.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: NORTHEAST FORESTRY UNIV, HARBIN, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: FUNGAL DIVERSITY PRESS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-Gómez, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecophysiological Traits Associated with Drought in Mediterranean Tree Seedlings: Individual Responses versus Interspecific Trends in Eleven Species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought tolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water use efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woody seedlings</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924107</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">688 - 697</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract: Species differ regarding their drought tolerance and individuals of a given species can modify their morphology and physiology in response to drought. However, since evolutionary and ecological selective pressures differ, individual and interspecific responses to drought might not match. We determined summer survival and a number of ecophysiological variables in two factorial experiments with seedlings of eleven tree species present in Mediterranean ecosystems, grown under slowly imposed water stress and control conditions. Plants experiencing drought exhibited reduced growth, low specific leaf area, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate when compared to the controls, and species-specific drought tolerance was associated with an analogous set of trait values. However, while species with high leaf area ratio and shoot-root ratio exhibited greater drought tolerance, drought induced the reversed response within species. Contrary to expectations, water use efficiency was lower in drought-tolerant species and decreased in water-stressed individuals compared to the control plants. There was a distinctive phylogenetic signal in the functional grouping of species, with oaks, pines, and other genera being clearly different from each other in their drought tolerance and in their functional responses to drought. However, all relationships between ecophysiological variables and drought tolerance were significant after accounting for phylogenetic effects, with the exception of the relationship between drought tolerance and photochemical efficiency. Our results show that drought tolerance is not achieved by a single combination of trait values, and that even though evolutionary processes and individual responses tend to render similar results in terms of functional traits associated with drought, they do not necessarily match.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-Gómez, D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecophysiological Traits Associated with Drought in Mediterranean Tree Seedlings: Individual Responses versus Interspecific Trends in Eleven Species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought tolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water use efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woody seedlings</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">688-697</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract: Species differ regarding their drought tolerance and individuals of a given species can modify their morphology and physiology in response to drought. However, since evolutionary and ecological selective pressures differ, individual and interspecific responses to drought might not match. We determined summer survival and a number of ecophysiological variables in two factorial experiments with seedlings of eleven tree species present in Mediterranean ecosystems, grown under slowly imposed water stress and control conditions. Plants experiencing drought exhibited reduced growth, low specific leaf area, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate when compared to the controls, and species-specific drought tolerance was associated with an analogous set of trait values. However, while species with high leaf area ratio and shoot-root ratio exhibited greater drought tolerance, drought induced the reversed response within species. Contrary to expectations, water use efficiency was lower in drought-tolerant species and decreased in water-stressed individuals compared to the control plants. There was a distinctive phylogenetic signal in the functional grouping of species, with oaks, pines, and other genera being clearly different from each other in their drought tolerance and in their functional responses to drought. However, all relationships between ecophysiological variables and drought tolerance were significant after accounting for phylogenetic effects, with the exception of the relationship between drought tolerance and photochemical efficiency. Our results show that drought tolerance is not achieved by a single combination of trait values, and that even though evolutionary processes and individual responses tend to render similar results in terms of functional traits associated with drought, they do not necessarily match.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BELLAROSA, Rosanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simeone, Marco C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papini, Alessio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schirone, Bartolomeo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Utility of ITS sequence data for phylogenetic reconstruction of Italian Quercus spp.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular phylogenetics and evolution</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ITS sequences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secondary structures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">355-370</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences encoding the 5.8S RNA and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were used to test the phylogenetic relationships within 12 Italian Quercus taxa (Fagaceae). Hypotheses of sequence orthology are tested by detailed inspection of some basic features of oak ITS sequences (i.e., general patterns of conserved domains, thermodynamic stability and predicted conformation of the secondary structure of transcripts) that also allowed more accurate sequence alignment. Analysis of ITS variation supported three monophyletic groups, corresponding to subg. Cerris, Schlerophyllodrys (=Ilex group sensu Nixon) and Quercus, as proposed by Schwarz [Feddes Rep., Sonderbeih. D, 1-200]. A derivation of the &quot;Cerris group&quot; from the &quot;Ilex group&quot; is suggested, with Q. cerris sister to the rest of the &quot;Cerris group.&quot; Quercus pubescens was found to be sister to the rest of the &quot;Quercus group.&quot; The status of hybrispecies of Q. crenata (Q. cerrisxQ. suber) and Q. morisii (Q. ilexxQ. suber) was evaluated and discussed. Finally, the phylogenetic position of the Italian species in a broader context of the genus is presented. The utility of the ITS marker to assess the molecular systematics of oaks is therefore confirmed. The importance of Italy as a region with a high degree of diversity at the population and genetic level is discussed.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15619447</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BELLAROSA, Rosanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simeone, Marco C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papini, Alessio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schirone, Bartolomeo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Utility of ITS sequence data for phylogenetic reconstruction of Italian Quercus spp.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular phylogenetics and evolution</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ITS sequences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secondary structures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15619447</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">355 - 370</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences encoding the 5.8S RNA and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were used to test the phylogenetic relationships within 12 Italian Quercus taxa (Fagaceae). Hypotheses of sequence orthology are tested by detailed inspection of some basic features of oak ITS sequences (i.e., general patterns of conserved domains, thermodynamic stability and predicted conformation of the secondary structure of transcripts) that also allowed more accurate sequence alignment. Analysis of ITS variation supported three monophyletic groups, corresponding to subg. Cerris, Schlerophyllodrys (=Ilex group sensu Nixon) and Quercus, as proposed by Schwarz [Feddes Rep., Sonderbeih. D, 1-200]. A derivation of the &quot;Cerris group&quot; from the &quot;Ilex group&quot; is suggested, with Q. cerris sister to the rest of the &quot;Cerris group.&quot; Quercus pubescens was found to be sister to the rest of the &quot;Quercus group.&quot; The status of hybrispecies of Q. crenata (Q. cerrisxQ. suber) and Q. morisii (Q. ilexxQ. suber) was evaluated and discussed. Finally, the phylogenetic position of the Italian species in a broader context of the genus is presented. The utility of the ITS marker to assess the molecular systematics of oaks is therefore confirmed. The importance of Italy as a region with a high degree of diversity at the population and genetic level is discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 15619447</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COLLADA, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jimenez, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Análisis de la variabilidad de adn de cloroplastos en Quercus ilex L., Q. suber L. Y Q. coccifera L..</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chloroplast DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haplotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granada</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chloroplast (Cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA variation have been studied by PCR-RFLP in 14 location (13 with Q. suber, 12 with Q. ilex and 6 with Q. coccifera) along the natural distribution area of these species in the Iberian Peninsula. Five chloroplast DNA primers pairs and one mitochondrial DNA primer pair have been used, each one in combination with a restriction enzyme. 29 different haplotypes have been detected, In the case of Q. suber a characteristic haplotype, very divergent of the remaining ones has been described. Usually, species don’t share haplotypes within the same populations. The distribution of haplotypes suggests a geographical structuring. The levels of genetic differentiation are similar to those obtained in oaks.hS is significantly higher in Q. ilex (hS=0,262). Differentiation coefficients (Gst) are similar in the three species and indicate a high typical structuring of maternal markers.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COLLADA, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JIMÉNEZ, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Análisis de la variabilidad de adn de cloroplastos en Quercus ilex L., Q. suber L. Y Q. coccifera L..</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chloroplast DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haplotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chloroplast (Cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA variation have been studied by PCR-RFLP in 14 location (13 with Q. suber, 12 with Q. ilex and 6 with Q. coccifera) along the natural distribution area of these species in the Iberian Peninsula. Five chloroplast DNA primers pairs and one mitochondrial DNA primer pair have been used, each one in combination with a restriction enzyme. 29 different haplotypes have been detected, In the case of Q. suber a characteristic haplotype, very divergent of the remaining ones has been described. Usually, species don’t share haplotypes within the same populations. The distribution of haplotypes suggests a geographical structuring. The levels of genetic differentiation are similar to those obtained in oaks.hS is significantly higher in Q. ilex (hS=0,262). Differentiation coefficients (Gst) are similar in the three species and indicate a high typical structuring of maternal markers.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: III Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Granada</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stone, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atkinson, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rokas, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csoka, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nieves-Aldrey, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csoka, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nieves-Aldrey, J. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differential success in northwards range expansion between ecotypes of the marble gallwasp Andricus kollari: a tale of two lifecycles</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOLECULAR ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alleles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andricus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellulose Acetate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytochrome b Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytochrome b Group: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytochrome b Group: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrophoresis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gallwasp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Variation: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">glacial refugia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">host race</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hymenoptera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hymenoptera: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hymenoptera: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hymenoptera: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invasion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life Cycle Stages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitochondrial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitochondrial: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitochondrial: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parthenogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">range expansion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Alignment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11298986</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">761 - 778</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Marble gallwasp Andricus kollari has a native range divided into two geographically separated lifecycles. In Eastern Europe and Turkey, the lifecycle involves a sexual generation on Turkey oak, Quercus cerris, while in Iberia and North Africa the sexual generation host is cork oak, Q. suber. Over the last 500 years, A. kollari has expanded its range into northern Europe, following human planting of Q. cem's from Italy and the Balkans. We ask: (i) what is the genetic relationship between eastern and western distributions of Andricus kollari? Can we determine which lifecycle is ancestral, and how long ago they diverged? (ii) To what extent have eastern and western native ranges contributed to northwards range expansion? (iii) Is there any evidence for hybridization between the two life cycle types? We present analyses of allozyme data for 13 polymorphic loci and of sequence variation for a 433 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. These show: (i) that four haplotype lineages (one in Spain, two in Hungary/Italy and one in Turkey) diverged more or less simultaneously between 1 and 2 million years ago, suggesting the existence of at least four refuges through recent ice age cycles. Our data cannot resolve which lifecycle type is ancestral. (ii) Populations north of putative refuges are divided into two sets. Populations in south-west France are allied to Spain, while ail remaining populations in northern Europe have been colonized from Italy and the Balkans. (iii) The transition from one race to another in south-west France is marked by abrupt transitions in the frequency of refuge-specific private alleles and corresponds closely to the northern limit of the distribution of cork oak. Although hybrids were detected in north-west France, none were detected where the two lifecycles meet in south-western France. The biology of oak gallwasps predicts that any hybrid zone will be narrow and limited to regions where Q. cem's and Q. suber meet. Our data suggest that eastern and western A. kollari are effectively separate species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Differential success in northwards range expansion between ecotypes of the marble gallwasp Andricus kollari: a tale of two lifecycles - Stone, G; Atkinson, R; Rokas, A; Csoka, G; Nieves-Aldrey, J L)From Duplicate 2 (Differential success in northwards range expansion between ecotypes of the marble gallwasp Andricus kollari: a tale of two lifecycles - Stone, G; Atkinson, R; Rokas, A; Csoka, G; Nieves-Aldrey, J L)The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 11298986</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stone, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atkinson, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rokas, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csoka, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nieves-Aldrey, J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csoka, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nieves-Aldrey, J L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differential success in northwards range expansion between ecotypes of the marble gallwasp Andricus kollari: a tale of two lifecycles</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOLECULAR ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alleles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andricus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellulose Acetate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytochrome b Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytochrome b Group: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytochrome b Group: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrophoresis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gallwasp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Variation: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">glacial refugia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">host race</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hymenoptera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hymenoptera: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hymenoptera: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hymenoptera: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invasion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life Cycle Stages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitochondrial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitochondrial: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitochondrial: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parthenogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">range expansion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Alignment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-BLACKWELL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">761-778</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Marble gallwasp Andricus kollari has a native range divided into two geographically separated lifecycles. In Eastern Europe and Turkey, the lifecycle involves a sexual generation on Turkey oak, Quercus cerris, while in Iberia and North Africa the sexual generation host is cork oak, Q. suber. Over the last 500 years, A. kollari has expanded its range into northern Europe, following human planting of Q. cem's from Italy and the Balkans. We ask: (i) what is the genetic relationship between eastern and western distributions of Andricus kollari? Can we determine which lifecycle is ancestral, and how long ago they diverged? (ii) To what extent have eastern and western native ranges contributed to northwards range expansion? (iii) Is there any evidence for hybridization between the two life cycle types? We present analyses of allozyme data for 13 polymorphic loci and of sequence variation for a 433 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. These show: (i) that four haplotype lineages (one in Spain, two in Hungary/Italy and one in Turkey) diverged more or less simultaneously between 1 and 2 million years ago, suggesting the existence of at least four refuges through recent ice age cycles. Our data cannot resolve which lifecycle type is ancestral. (ii) Populations north of putative refuges are divided into two sets. Populations in south-west France are allied to Spain, while ail remaining populations in northern Europe have been colonized from Italy and the Balkans. (iii) The transition from one race to another in south-west France is marked by abrupt transitions in the frequency of refuge-specific private alleles and corresponds closely to the northern limit of the distribution of cork oak. Although hybrids were detected in north-west France, none were detected where the two lifecycles meet in south-western France. The biology of oak gallwasps predicts that any hybrid zone will be narrow and limited to regions where Q. cem's and Q. suber meet. Our data suggest that eastern and western A. kollari are effectively separate species.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11298986</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Differential success in northwards range expansion between ecotypes of the marble gallwasp Andricus kollari: a tale of two lifecycles - Stone, G; Atkinson, R; Rokas, A; Csoka, G; Nieves-Aldrey, J L)</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Differential success in northwards range expansion between ecotypes of the marble gallwasp Andricus kollari: a tale of two lifecycles - Stone, G; Atkinson, R; Rokas, A; Csoka, G; Nieves-Aldrey, J L)</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>