<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guenther, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapparini, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filella, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seco, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estiarte, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mejia-Chang, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibáñez, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castaño, L M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turnipseed, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duhl, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harley, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vila, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estavillo, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villanueva, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facini, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baraldi, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geron, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mak, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patton, E G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenberg, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intensive measurements of gas, water, and energy exchange between vegetation and troposphere during the MONTES Campaign in a vegetation gradient from short semi-desertic shrublands to tall wet temperate forests in the NW Mediterranean basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aircraft</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boundary Layer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CH4</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CO2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evapotranspiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">green biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lai</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">latent heat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">masts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEGAN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N2O</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sensible heat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tethered balloons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vertical profiles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOCs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submitted</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract MONTES (“Woodlands”) was a multidisciplinary international field campaign aimed at measuring energy, water and especially gas exchange between vegetation and atmosphere in a gradient from short semi-desertic shrublands to tall wet temperate forests in NE Spain in the North Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB). The measurements were performed at a semidesertic area (Monegros), at a coastal Meditrerranean shrubland area (Garraf), at a typical Mediterranean holm oak forest area (Prades) and at a wet temperate beech forest (Montseny) during spring (April 2010) under optimal plant physiological conditions in driest-warmest sites and during summer (July 2010) with drought and heat stresses in the driest-warmest sites and optimal conditions in the wettest-coolest site. The objective of this campaign was to study the differences in gas, water and energy exchange occurring at different vegetation coverages and biomasses. Particular attention was devoted to quantitatively understand the exchange of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) because of their biological and environmental effects in the WMB. A wide range of instruments (GC-MS, PTR-MS, meteorological sensors, O3 monitors,…) and vertical platforms such as masts, tethered balloons and aircraft were used to characterize the gas, water and energy exchange at increasing footprint areas by measuring vertical profiles. In this paper we provide an overview of the MONTES campaign: the objectives, the characterization of the biomass and gas, water and energy exchange in the 4 sites-areas using satellite data, the estimation of isoprene and monoterpene emissions using MEGAN model, the measurements performed and the first results. The isoprene and monoterpene emission rates estimated with MEGAN and emission factors measured at the foliar level for the dominant species ranged from about 0 to 0.2 mg m-2 h-1 in April. The warmer temperature in July resulted in higher model estimates from about 0 to ca 1.6 mg m-2 h-1 for isoprene and ca. 4.5 mg m-2 h-1 for monoterpenes, depending on the site vegetation and footprint area considered. There were clear daily and seasonal patterns with higher emission rates and mixing ratios at midday and summer relative to early morning and early spring. There was a significant trend in CO2 fixation (from 1 to 10 mg C m-2 d-1), transpiration (from x 1 to 5 kg C m-2 d-1), and sensible and latent heat from the warmest-driest to the coolest-wettest site. The results showed the strong land-cover-specific influence on emissions of BVOCs, gas, energy and water exchange, and therefore demonstrate the potential for feed-back to atmospheric chemistry and climate.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pacheco, Claudia Kemper</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fares, Silvano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciccioli, Paolo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A highly spatially resolved GIS-based model to assess the isoprenoid emissions from key Italian ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BVOC inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isoprenoids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italian forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The amount of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) emitted from terrestrial vegetation is of great importance in atmospheric reactivity, particularly for ozone-forming reactions and as condensation nuclei in aerosol formation and growth. This work presents a detailed inventory of isoprenoid emissions from vegetation in Italy using an original approach which combines state of the art models to estimate the species-specific isoprenoid emissions and a Geographic Information System (GIS) where emissions are spatially represented. Isoprenoid species and basal emission factors were obtained by combining results from laboratory experiments with those published in literature. For the first time, our investigation was not only restricted to isoprene and total monoterpenes, but our goal was to provide maps of isoprene and individual monoterpenes at a high-spatial (∼1 km2) and temporal resolution (daily runs, monthly trends in emissions are discussed in the text). Another novelty in our research was the inclusion of the effects of phenology on plant emissions. Our results show that: a) isoprene, a-pinene, sabinene and b-pinene are the most important compounds emitted from vegetation in Italy; b) annual biogenic isoprene and monoterpene fluxes for the year 2006 were ∼31.30 Gg and ∼37.70 Gg, respectively; and c) Q. pubescens+Q. petrea+Q. robur, Q. ilex, Q. suber and Fagus sylvatica are the principal isoprenoid emitting species in the country. The high spatial and temporal resolution, combined with the species-specific emission output, makes the model particularly suitable for assessing local budgets, and for modelling photochemical pollution in Italy.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karl, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guenther, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koble, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leip, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seufert, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new European plant-specific emission inventory of biogenic volatile organic compounds for use in atmospheric transport models</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOSCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOC</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1059-1087</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a new European plant-specific emission inventory for isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated VOC (OVOC), on a spatial resolution of 0.089x0.089 degrees, for implementation in atmospheric transport models. The inventory incorporates more accurate data on foliar biomass densities from several litterfall databases that became available in the last years for the main tree species in Europe. A bioclimatic correction factor was introduced to correct the foliar biomass densities of trees and crops for the different plant growth conditions that can be found in Pan-Europe. Long-term seasonal variability of agriculture and forest emissions was taken into account by implementing a new growing season concept. The 2004-2005 averaged annual total biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions for the Pan-European domain are estimated to be about 12 Tg with a large contribution from the OVOC class of about 4.5 Tg and from monoterpenes of about 4 Tg. Annual isoprene emissions are found to be about 3.5 Tg, insensitive to the chosen emission algorithm. Emissions of OVOC were found to originate to a large extent from agriculture. Further experiments on crop emissions should be carried out to check the validity of the applied standard emission factors. The new inventory aims at a fully transparent and verifiable aggregation of detailed land use information and at the inclusion of plant-specific emission data. Though plant-specific land use data is available with relatively high accuracy, a lack of experimental biomass densities and emission data on terpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated VOC, in particular for agricultural plants, currently limits the setup of a highly accurate plant-specific emission inventory.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calfapietra, Carlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fares, Silvano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreto, Francesco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile organic compounds from Italian vegetation and their interaction with ozone.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone flux</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOC</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19019511</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1478 - 1486</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted from vegetation (particularly isoprenoids) represent an important source of atmospheric hydrocarbons almost double the anthropogenic source. When biogenic VOC mix with NO(x) in the presence of UV radiation, ozone (O(3)) is formed. In Italy, optimal conditions for O(3) formation in terms of VOC/NO(x) ratios and abundance of UV radiation occur for long periods of the year. Moreover, Italian vegetation includes several species that are strong and evergreen isoprenoid emitters, and high temperatures for part of the year further stimulate these temperature-dependent emissions. We review emission of isoprenoids from Italian vegetation, current knowledge on the impact of rising O(3) levels on isoprenoid emission, and evidence showing that isoprenoids can increase both the O(3) flux to the plant and protection against oxidative stress because of their antioxidant functions. This trait not only influences plant tolerance to O(3) but also may substantially alter the flux of O(3) between atmosphere and biosphere.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 19019511</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fares, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreto, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kleist, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildt, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal uptake and stomatal deposition of ozone in isoprene and monoterpene emitting plants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone uptake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reaction chambers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965257</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44 - 54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile isoprenoids were reported to protect plants against ozone. To understand whether this could be the result of a direct scavenging of ozone by these molecules, the stomatal and non-stomatal uptake of ozone was estimated in plants emitting isoprene or monoterpenes. Ozone uptake by holm oak (Quercus ilex, a monoterpene emitter) and black poplar (Populus nigra, an isoprene emitter) was studied in whole plant enclosures (continuously stirred tank reactors, CSTR). The ozone uptake by plants was estimated measuring ozone concentration at the inlet and outlet of the reactors, after correcting for the uptake of the enclosure materials. Destruction of ozone at the cuticle or at the plant stems was found to be negligible compared to the ozone uptake through the stomata. For both plant species, a relationship between stomatal conductance and ozone uptake was found. For the poplar, the measured ozone losses were explained by the uptake of ozone through the stomata only, and ozone destruction by gas phase reactions with isoprene was negligible. For the oak, gas phase reactions of ozone with the monoterpenes emitted by the plants contributed significantly to ozone destruction. This was confirmed by two different experiments showing a) that in cases of high stomatal conductance but under low CO2 concentration, a reduction of monoterpene emission was still associated with reduced O3 uptake; and b) that ozone losses due to the gas phase reactions only can be measured when using the exhaust from a plant chamber to determine the gas phase reactivity in an empty reaction chamber. Monoterpenes can therefore relevantly scavenge ozone at leaf level contributing to protection against ozone.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fares, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreto, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kleist, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildt, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal uptake and stomatal deposition of ozone in isoprene and monoterpene emitting plants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone uptake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reaction chambers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44-54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile isoprenoids were reported to protect plants against ozone. To understand whether this could be the result of a direct scavenging of ozone by these molecules, the stomatal and non-stomatal uptake of ozone was estimated in plants emitting isoprene or monoterpenes. Ozone uptake by holm oak (Quercus ilex, a monoterpene emitter) and black poplar (Populus nigra, an isoprene emitter) was studied in whole plant enclosures (continuously stirred tank reactors, CSTR). The ozone uptake by plants was estimated measuring ozone concentration at the inlet and outlet of the reactors, after correcting for the uptake of the enclosure materials. Destruction of ozone at the cuticle or at the plant stems was found to be negligible compared to the ozone uptake through the stomata. For both plant species, a relationship between stomatal conductance and ozone uptake was found. For the poplar, the measured ozone losses were explained by the uptake of ozone through the stomata only, and ozone destruction by gas phase reactions with isoprene was negligible. For the oak, gas phase reactions of ozone with the monoterpenes emitted by the plants contributed significantly to ozone destruction. This was confirmed by two different experiments showing a) that in cases of high stomatal conductance but under low CO2 concentration, a reduction of monoterpene emission was still associated with reduced O3 uptake; and b) that ozone losses due to the gas phase reactions only can be measured when using the exhaust from a plant chamber to determine the gas phase reactivity in an empty reaction chamber. Monoterpenes can therefore relevantly scavenge ozone at leaf level contributing to protection against ozone.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asensio, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUNNÉ-BOSCH, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linking isoprene with plant thermotolerance, antioxidants and monoterpene emissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant, Cell &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ascorbic acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fumigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fv/Fm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high temperatures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthetic rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermotolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">zeaxanthin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-tocopherol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">β-carotene</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Science Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">278-286</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to test the possible plant thermotolerance role of isoprene and to study its relationship with non-enzymatic antioxidants and terpene emissions. The gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, extent of photo- and oxidative stress, leaf damage, mechanisms of photo- and antioxidant protection, and terpene emission were measured in leaves of Quercus ilex seedlings exposed to a ramp of temperatures of 5 °C steps from 25 to 50 °C growing with and without isoprene (10 µL L−1) fumigation. The results showed that isoprene actually conferred thermotolerance (shifted the decrease of net photosynthetic rates from 35 to 45 °C, increased Fv/Fm at 50 °C from 0.38 to 0.65, and decreased the leaf area damaged from 27 to 15%), that it precluded or delayed the enhancement of the antioxidant non-enzymatic defence conferred by α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid or β-carotene consumption in response to increasing temperatures, and that it decreased by approximately 70% the emissions of monoterpenes at the highest temperatures. This suggests that there are inducible mechanisms triggered by the initial stages of thermal damage that up-regulate these antioxidant compounds at high temperatures and that these mechanisms are somehow suppressed in the presence of exogenous isoprene, which seems to already exert an antioxidant-like behaviour.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASENSIO, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUNNÉ-BOSCH, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linking isoprene with plant thermotolerance, antioxidants and monoterpene emissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant, Cell &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ascorbic acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fumigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fv/Fm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high temperatures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthetic rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermotolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">zeaxanthin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-tocopherol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">β-carotene</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01250.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">278 - 286</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to test the possible plant thermotolerance role of isoprene and to study its relationship with non-enzymatic antioxidants and terpene emissions. The gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, extent of photo- and oxidative stress, leaf damage, mechanisms of photo- and antioxidant protection, and terpene emission were measured in leaves of Quercus ilex seedlings exposed to a ramp of temperatures of 5 °C steps from 25 to 50 °C growing with and without isoprene (10 µL L−1) fumigation. The results showed that isoprene actually conferred thermotolerance (shifted the decrease of net photosynthetic rates from 35 to 45 °C, increased Fv/Fm at 50 °C from 0.38 to 0.65, and decreased the leaf area damaged from 27 to 15%), that it precluded or delayed the enhancement of the antioxidant non-enzymatic defence conferred by α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid or β-carotene consumption in response to increasing temperatures, and that it decreased by approximately 70% the emissions of monoterpenes at the highest temperatures. This suggests that there are inducible mechanisms triggered by the initial stages of thermal damage that up-regulate these antioxidant compounds at high temperatures and that these mechanisms are somehow suppressed in the presence of exogenous isoprene, which seems to already exert an antioxidant-like behaviour.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Science Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alessio, G. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lillis, M. De</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fanelli, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct and indirect impacts of fire on isoprenoid emissions from Mediterranean vegetation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean plant species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ﬁre ecology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00833.x/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">357 - 364</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. Fire is often associated with episodes of air pollution, possibly involving the release of biogenic isoprenoids (isoprene and monoterpenes). The direct and indirect impacts of ﬁre on isoprenoid emission by plants of the Mediterranean vegetation were studied. Leaves of Arbutus unedo, Phillyrea latifolia, Cistus incanus, Cistus mospeliensis, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus ilex, Quercus suber, Quercus pubescens, Myrtus communis and Pinus halepensis were exposed to direct ﬁre or to the ﬁre-consequent wave of elevated temperature. 2. Half the tested plant species did not emit isoprenoids and the treatments did not induce isoprenoid emission. In contrast, isoprene was emitted by intact leaves of Q. pubescens and M. communis, while monoterpenes were emitted by intact leaves of Q. ilex, Q. suber and P. halepensis. 3. The two treatments rapidly reduced isoprene emission by isoprene-emitting species and monoterpene emission by Quercus spp. This inhibition was associated with photosynthetic inhibition, and recovery was seen in Quercus spp. within days of treatment. Recovery was also associated with the recovery of photosynthesis, suggesting that emitted isoprenoids continue to be formed predominantly from photosynthetic intermediates after a ﬁre episode. 4. In Q. pubescens leaves, however, recovery from the elevated-temperature treatment caused a sustained increase of isoprene emission which was not mirrored by a similar increase in photosynthesis. Whether this represents the induction of alternative metabolic pathways or an increase of the ﬂux of photosynthetic carbon in the isoprene pathway is not known. Isoprene-emitting species in areas surrounding ﬁre may emit a substantially larger hydrocarbon ﬂux for several days after ﬁre. 5. The elevated-temperature treatment induced the emission of α-pinene from Myrtus leaves, and the ﬁre treatment stimulated the emission of several monoterpenes from Pinus needles. The emission began to decrease within minutes in Myrtus, while it increased within the ﬁrst 100 min in Pinus, where it was detectable the day after the event although the ﬂux was smaller than in prestressed needles. 6. Exposure to ﬁre and to the associated elevated temperature may induce bursts of monoterpenes from plants that regularly do not emit these compounds and temporarily increase the load of monoterpenes in the atmosphere by pine species. These emissions may contribute to photochemical reactions involved in smog and ozone formation</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alessio, G A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lillis, M De</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fanelli, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct and indirect impacts of fire on isoprenoid emissions from Mediterranean vegetation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean plant species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ﬁre ecology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">357-364</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. Fire is often associated with episodes of air pollution, possibly involving the release of biogenic isoprenoids (isoprene and monoterpenes). The direct and indirect impacts of ﬁre on isoprenoid emission by plants of the Mediterranean vegetation were studied. Leaves of Arbutus unedo, Phillyrea latifolia, Cistus incanus, Cistus mospeliensis, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus ilex, Quercus suber, Quercus pubescens, Myrtus communis and Pinus halepensis were exposed to direct ﬁre or to the ﬁre-consequent wave of elevated temperature. 2. Half the tested plant species did not emit isoprenoids and the treatments did not induce isoprenoid emission. In contrast, isoprene was emitted by intact leaves of Q. pubescens and M. communis, while monoterpenes were emitted by intact leaves of Q. ilex, Q. suber and P. halepensis. 3. The two treatments rapidly reduced isoprene emission by isoprene-emitting species and monoterpene emission by Quercus spp. This inhibition was associated with photosynthetic inhibition, and recovery was seen in Quercus spp. within days of treatment. Recovery was also associated with the recovery of photosynthesis, suggesting that emitted isoprenoids continue to be formed predominantly from photosynthetic intermediates after a ﬁre episode. 4. In Q. pubescens leaves, however, recovery from the elevated-temperature treatment caused a sustained increase of isoprene emission which was not mirrored by a similar increase in photosynthesis. Whether this represents the induction of alternative metabolic pathways or an increase of the ﬂux of photosynthetic carbon in the isoprene pathway is not known. Isoprene-emitting species in areas surrounding ﬁre may emit a substantially larger hydrocarbon ﬂux for several days after ﬁre. 5. The elevated-temperature treatment induced the emission of α-pinene from Myrtus leaves, and the ﬁre treatment stimulated the emission of several monoterpenes from Pinus needles. The emission began to decrease within minutes in Myrtus, while it increased within the ﬁrst 100 min in Pinus, where it was detectable the day after the event although the ﬂux was smaller than in prestressed needles. 6. Exposure to ﬁre and to the associated elevated temperature may induce bursts of monoterpenes from plants that regularly do not emit these compounds and temporarily increase the load of monoterpenes in the atmosphere by pine species. These emissions may contribute to photochemical reactions involved in smog and ozone formation</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staudt, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mir, Celine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonin, Aurelie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landais, Damien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lumaret, Roselyne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isoprenoid emissions of Quercus spp. (Q. suber and Q. ilex) in mixed stands contrasting in interspecific genetic introgression</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basal emission rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemotaxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic introgression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01140.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">163</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">573 - 584</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">• Among oak species, Quercus ilex is classiﬁed as a monoterpene emitter and Q. suber is mainly known as a nonisoprenoid emitter. The extent and origin of this diversiﬁcation is unknown. • We examined intra- and interspeciﬁc emission variability in two mixed stands which differed in their level of hybridization and reciprocal genetic introgression based on variations in cytoplasmic (chloroplast DNA) and nuclear (allozyme) markers. • At both sites all trees identiﬁed as Q. ilex, or as recent descendants from Q. ilex × Q. suber hybrids, emitted monoterpenes. Of Q. suber trees (genetically introgressed or not by Q. ilex), 91% were also monoterpene emitters, and the remainder nonemitters. One tree identiﬁed as a Q. canariensis × Q. ilex hybrid emitted both isoprene and monoterpenes. Compared with Q. ilex, the standard emission rate of Q. suber was higher in summer and lower in autumn. Both species emitted the same monoterpenes, proportions of which showed signiﬁcant intra- and interspeciﬁc variability. • The results suggest that Q. suber populations in the French Mediterranean intrinsically emit monoterpenes, and that gene ﬂow between oak species contributes to diversiﬁcation of emission signatures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staudt, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mir, Celine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonin, Aurelie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landais, Damien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lumaret, Roselyne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isoprenoid emissions of Quercus spp. (Q. suber and Q. ilex) in mixed stands contrasting in interspecific genetic introgression</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basal emission rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemotaxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic introgression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">163</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">573-584</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">• Among oak species, Quercus ilex is classiﬁed as a monoterpene emitter and Q. suber is mainly known as a nonisoprenoid emitter. The extent and origin of this diversiﬁcation is unknown. • We examined intra- and interspeciﬁc emission variability in two mixed stands which differed in their level of hybridization and reciprocal genetic introgression based on variations in cytoplasmic (chloroplast DNA) and nuclear (allozyme) markers. • At both sites all trees identiﬁed as Q. ilex, or as recent descendants from Q. ilex × Q. suber hybrids, emitted monoterpenes. Of Q. suber trees (genetically introgressed or not by Q. ilex), 91% were also monoterpene emitters, and the remainder nonemitters. One tree identiﬁed as a Q. canariensis × Q. ilex hybrid emitted both isoprene and monoterpenes. Compared with Q. ilex, the standard emission rate of Q. suber was higher in summer and lower in autumn. Both species emitted the same monoterpenes, proportions of which showed signiﬁcant intra- and interspeciﬁc variability. • The results suggest that Q. suber populations in the French Mediterranean intrinsically emit monoterpenes, and that gene ﬂow between oak species contributes to diversiﬁcation of emission signatures.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kesselmeier, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staudt, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC): An overview on emission, physiology and ecology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alkanes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alkenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbonyls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">emission inventories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nonmethane hydrocarbons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oxygenated compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile Organic Compounds</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23-88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This overview compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic emissions of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs), i.e., isoprene, terpenes, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, esters, carbonyls, and acids. We discuss VOC biosynthesis, emission inventories, relations between emission and plant physiology as well as temperature and radiation, and ecophysiological functions. For isoprene and monoterpenes, an extended summary of standard emission factors, with data related to the plant genus and species, is included. The data compilation shows that we have quite a substantial knowledge of the emission of isoprene and monoterpenes, including emission rates, emission regulation, and biosynthesis. The situation is worse in the case of numerous other compounds (other VOCs or OVOCs) being emitted by the biosphere. This is reflected in the insufficient knowledge of emission rates and biological functions. Except for the terpenoids, only a limited number of studies of OVOCs are available; data are summarized for alkanes, alkenes, carbonyls, alcohols, acids, and esters. In addition to closing these gaps of knowledge, one of the major objectives for future VOC research is improving our knowledge of the fate of organic carbon in the atmosphere, ending up in oxidation products and/or as aerosol particles.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csiky, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seufert, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terpenoid emissions of Mediterranean oaks and their relation to taxonomy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEMA (Biogenic Emissions in the Mediterranean Area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemo-taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpenoid emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trace-gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">volatile organic compounds (VOCs)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1138-1146</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents results of a laboratory screening study of biogenic emissions from Mediterranean oak species. The experiment aimed at improving our understanding of oak contributions to overall emissions of volatile organic compounds and to the atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean area. We measured type and amount of terpenoid emissions (isoprene, mono- and sesquiterpenes) under standard conditions of light and temperature from 14 different Quercus species of Mediterranean and American origin. Tree saplings were exposed in a controlled environment chamber, and leaf-level trace-gas exchange was analyzed with a minicuvette system and gas chromatography, to study the relation between the emission types and emission spectra found and the taxonomy of Quercus. The holarctic group Lepidobalanus and the North American groups Erythrobalanus and Protobalanus were found to be strong isoprene emitters. The Eurasian oak group Sclerophyllodrys emits monoterpenes; Cerris include mostly non-emitters, but also an isoprene and a monoterpene emitter has been found in this group. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for presently used emission scenarios.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csiky, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seufert, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terpenoid emissions of Mediterranean oaks and their relation to taxonomy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEMA (Biogenic Emissions in the Mediterranean Area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemo-taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpenoid emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trace-gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">volatile organic compounds (VOCs)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1138 - 1146</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents results of a laboratory screening study of biogenic emissions from Mediterranean oak species. The experiment aimed at improving our understanding of oak contributions to overall emissions of volatile organic compounds and to the atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean area. We measured type and amount of terpenoid emissions (isoprene, mono- and sesquiterpenes) under standard conditions of light and temperature from 14 different Quercus species of Mediterranean and American origin. Tree saplings were exposed in a controlled environment chamber, and leaf-level trace-gas exchange was analyzed with a minicuvette system and gas chromatography, to study the relation between the emission types and emission spectra found and the taxonomy of Quercus. The holarctic group Lepidobalanus and the North American groups Erythrobalanus and Protobalanus were found to be strong isoprene emitters. The Eurasian oak group Sclerophyllodrys emits monoterpenes; Cerris include mostly non-emitters, but also an isoprene and a monoterpene emitter has been found in this group. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for presently used emission scenarios.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simon, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dutaur, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions by oak trees common to Mediterranean ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biogenic VOCS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/VW35085L2155216K.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131 - 139</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An inventory describing the fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), isoprene and monoterpenes, and other VOCs (OVOCs) from the biosphere to the atmosphere, has been constructed within the framework of the ESCOMPTE project (fiEld experimentS to COnstrain Models of atmospheric Pollution and Transport of Emissions). The area concerned, located around Berre-Marseilles, is a Mediterranean region frequently subject to high ozone concentrations. The inventory has been developed using a fine scale land use database for the year 1999, forest composition statistics, emission potentials from individual plant species, biomass distribution, temperature and light intensity. The seasonal variations in emission potentials and biomass were also taken into account. Hourly meteorological data for 1999 were calculated from ALADIN data and these were used to predict the hourly isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the area on a 1 km × 1 km spatial grid. Estimates of annual biogenic isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the reference year 1999 were 20.6, 38.9 and 13.3 kt, respectively, Quercus pubescens, Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis and garrigue vegetation are the dominant emitting species of the area. VOC emissions from vegetation in this region contribute approximately 94% to the NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds) of natural origin and are of the same order of magnitude as NMVOC emissions from anthropogenic sources. These results complete the global ESCOMPTE database needed to make an efficient strategy for tropospheric ozone reduction policy.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simon, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dutaur, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions by oak trees common to Mediterranean ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biogenic VOCS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131-139</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An inventory describing the fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), isoprene and monoterpenes, and other VOCs (OVOCs) from the biosphere to the atmosphere, has been constructed within the framework of the ESCOMPTE project (fiEld experimentS to COnstrain Models of atmospheric Pollution and Transport of Emissions). The area concerned, located around Berre-Marseilles, is a Mediterranean region frequently subject to high ozone concentrations. The inventory has been developed using a fine scale land use database for the year 1999, forest composition statistics, emission potentials from individual plant species, biomass distribution, temperature and light intensity. The seasonal variations in emission potentials and biomass were also taken into account. Hourly meteorological data for 1999 were calculated from ALADIN data and these were used to predict the hourly isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the area on a 1 km × 1 km spatial grid. Estimates of annual biogenic isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the reference year 1999 were 20.6, 38.9 and 13.3 kt, respectively, Quercus pubescens, Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis and garrigue vegetation are the dominant emitting species of the area. VOC emissions from vegetation in this region contribute approximately 94% to the NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds) of natural origin and are of the same order of magnitude as NMVOC emissions from anthropogenic sources. These results complete the global ESCOMPTE database needed to make an efficient strategy for tropospheric ozone reduction policy.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kesselmeier, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bode, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schafer, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simultaneous field measurements of terpene and isoprene emissions from two dominant Mediterranean oak species in relation to a north American species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus agrifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pubescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">volatile biogenic hydrocarbons</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1947-1953</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ÐWe investigated the emission of monoterpenes and isoprene from tree species growing at a site near Montpellier (South France). We compared the emission pattern and behaviour of two important oak species representative of the Mediterranean ecosystem, namely, Quercus ilex (Holm oak), a strong monoter- pene emitter, and Quercus pubescens (White oak), a strong isoprene emitter by measuring the two species growing side by side simultaneously. Additionally, we included a Californian oak species Quercus agrifolia (Coast Live Oak), which is anatomically and morphologically comparable with Quercus ilex. The data show that Live Oak and Holm oak though they appear identical, di¤er as far as the emission of terpenoids is concerned, emitting isoprene or terpenes, respectively. The isoprene emitting White oak and the monoter- pene emitting Holm oak react identically to the same environmental conditions, ßuctuating light and temperature, indicating that close metabolic pathways are involved in the actual emission of the C5 and C10 compounds from these two species, as seen under Þeld conditions. ( 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinbrecher, Rainer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hauff, Karin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabong, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinbrecher, Jutta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isoprenoid emission of oak species typical for the Mediterranean area: Source strength and controlling variables</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biogenic voc</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79-88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">easurements of isoprenoid emission on five Mediterranean oak species in the field revealed that Quercu.s frainetto, Quercus petraea and Quercus pubescens are strong emitters of isoprene. In contrast Quercus cerris and Quercus suber emitted no significant amounts of isoprene and monoterpenes. For Q. pubenscens and Q. frainetto median emission factors of 16.68 nmoIm-2s-1 (86.06 pgg-’ dw h-‘) and 30.72 nmolrn-2s-1 (133.95 pgg-’ dw h-l) were calculated, respectively. The 25 to 75 percentiles span of the emission factor data sets ranged from - 53% to + 56% of the median values. Light and temperature are the main controlling factors for isoprene emission. The influence of other environmental and plant physiological parameters on the isoprene emission is discussed. The “Guenther” emission algorithm is able to predict the daily maximum of the isoprene emission within the plant specific uncertainty range. However, the morning increase and the afternoon drop in the isoprene emission is not well parameterized. On the basis of process oriented models for the synthesis of isoprene in plants, a further reduction in the uncertainty may be achieved resulting in a more reliable prediction of short-time variation in isoprene emission</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinbrecher, Rainer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hauff, Karin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabong, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinbrecher, Jutta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isoprenoid emission of oak species typical for the Mediterranean area: Source strength and controlling variables</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biogenic voc</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231097000769</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79 - 88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">easurements of isoprenoid emission on five Mediterranean oak species in the field revealed that Quercu.s frainetto, Quercus petraea and Quercus pubescens are strong emitters of isoprene. In contrast Quercus cerris and Quercus suber emitted no significant amounts of isoprene and monoterpenes. For Q. pubenscens and Q. frainetto median emission factors of 16.68 nmoIm-2s-1 (86.06 pgg-’ dw h-‘) and 30.72 nmolrn-2s-1 (133.95 pgg-’ dw h-l) were calculated, respectively. The 25 to 75 percentiles span of the emission factor data sets ranged from - 53% to + 56% of the median values. Light and temperature are the main controlling factors for isoprene emission. The influence of other environmental and plant physiological parameters on the isoprene emission is discussed. The “Guenther” emission algorithm is able to predict the daily maximum of the isoprene emission within the plant specific uncertainty range. However, the morning increase and the afternoon drop in the isoprene emission is not well parameterized. On the basis of process oriented models for the synthesis of isoprene in plants, a further reduction in the uncertainty may be achieved resulting in a more reliable prediction of short-time variation in isoprene emission</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Owen, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boissard, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Street, R A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duckham, S C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csiky, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hewitt, C N</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Screening of 18 Mediterranean plant species for volatile organic compound emissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">branch enclosure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chrysanthemum praecox</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cistus incanus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus salvifolius</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytisus sp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dittrichia sp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica arborea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica multiflora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helichrysum stoechas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus oxycedrus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus phoenicea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">myrtus communis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillyrea angustifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus pinea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubus fruticosus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spartium junceum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOCs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31, Supple</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101-117</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eighteen tree and shrub species were screened for emissions of isoprene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three locations at Castelporziano (Italy) using a bag-enclosure sampling method followed by GC analysis. Thirty emitted compounds were identified. Temperature sensitivity of emissions of monoterpenes varied between species. Strong temperature dependencies were found for isoprene emissions. For monoterpene-emitting plant species with greatest ground cover in the dunes and macchia habitats, α-pinene, β-pinene and sabinene appeared to be the most frequently and abundantly emitted compounds. Isoprene was the major emission from the shrub species screened in the forest. Emissions from four dominant plant species were scaled up to estimate total fluxes from the dunes and macchia over a daytime period. Species with greatest biomass but low emission rates made a substantial contribution to total emissions.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kesselmeier, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fer, L S C H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciccioli, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brancaleoni, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cecinato, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frattoni, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foster, I P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacob, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denis, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fugit, J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dutaur, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torres, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mainz, D-</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salaria, Via</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scalo, Monterotondo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De, Institut Universitaire</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EMISSION OF MONOTERPENES AND ISOPRENE FROM A MEDITERRANEAN OAK SPECIES QUERCUS ILEX L. MEASURED WITHIN THE BEMA (BIOGENIC EMISSIONS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA) PROJECT EMISSIONS IN THE M E D I T E</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">non-methane hydrocarbons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOC</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1841-1850</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We report on some results of our studies of monoterpene and isoprene emissions and the physiological activities of an oak species (Quercus ilex L.) under the Mediterranean climatic conditions found at Castel Porziano (Rome) in June 1993. The oak species Quercus ilex L. was found to emit mainly monoterpenes in high amounts. Isoprene emissions were negligible. Diel cycles of monoterpene emissions showed correlation with light and the diel behaviour of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal corductance. Temperature dependence seemed to be of minor importance.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreto, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciccioli, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cecinato, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brancaleoni, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frattoni, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabozzi, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tricoli, D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence of the photosynthetic origin of monoterpenes emitted by Quercus ilex L leaves by C-13 labeling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT PHYSIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alpha-pinene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C-13 labeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus flex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1317-1322</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The carbon of the four main monoterpenes emitted by Quercus flex L. leaves was completely labeled with C-13 after a 20-min feeding with 99% (CO2)-C-13. This labeling time course is comparable with the labeling time course of isoprene, the terpenoid emitted by other Quercus species and synthesized in leaf chloroplasts. It is also comparable with that of phosphoglyceric acid. Our experiment therefore provides evidence that monoterpenes emitted by Q. ilex are formed from photosynthesis intermediates and may share the same synthetic pathway with isoprene. By analyzing the rate and the distribution of labeling in the different fragments, we looked for evidence of differential carbon labeling in the alpha-pinene emitted. However, the labeling pattern was quite uniform in the different fragments, suggesting that the carbon skeleton of the emitted monoterpenes comes from a unique carbon source.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>