<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramirez-Sanz, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casado, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, J. M. De</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Floristic relationship between scrubland and grassland patches in the Mediterranean landscape of the Iberian Peninsula</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inter-community association</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean scrubland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial association</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">therophyte grasslands</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/WK260T6P25775Q12.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63 - 70</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the rural Mediterranean landscape, mosaics of patches of sclerophyllous scrubland and semi-natural grasslands are frequent. The plant communities of these patches, which are physiognomically easy to recognise, are very heterogeneous. The objective of this paper is to determine whether the patches of scrub-grassland represent an integrated response unit of the vegetation with regard to the physical environment (climatic, geographical and edaphic factors) and human use, or whether, on the contrary, this is an independent response. In order to do this a total of 50 sampling sites where scrubland and grassland patches were in contact were studied along a 370 km E-W mesoclimatic gradient from central Spain to Portugal (Iberian Peninsula). Two distinct zones, the east and the west halves of the study area, were identiﬁed according to the plant communities. Within each of these zones, each type of patch responded to the previously mentioned factors, differentially and independently. This determined a general lack of inter-community association or ﬂoristic correlation between scrub and grassland plant communities in contact. The spatial association is a random process probably related to the particular human management realised on every scrubland and grassland patch. The scrub–grassland pattern, which is characteristic of the Mediterranean landscape, does not represent an integrated response unit of the vegetation to a given environment, but rather the sum of the independent responses to the environment of the two patches in contact.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huston 1999</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramirez-Sanz, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casado, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, J M De</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Floristic relationship between scrubland and grassland patches in the Mediterranean landscape of the Iberian Peninsula</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inter-community association</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean scrubland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial association</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">therophyte grasslands</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63-70</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the rural Mediterranean landscape, mosaics of patches of sclerophyllous scrubland and semi-natural grasslands are frequent. The plant communities of these patches, which are physiognomically easy to recognise, are very heterogeneous. The objective of this paper is to determine whether the patches of scrub-grassland represent an integrated response unit of the vegetation with regard to the physical environment (climatic, geographical and edaphic factors) and human use, or whether, on the contrary, this is an independent response. In order to do this a total of 50 sampling sites where scrubland and grassland patches were in contact were studied along a 370 km E-W mesoclimatic gradient from central Spain to Portugal (Iberian Peninsula). Two distinct zones, the east and the west halves of the study area, were identiﬁed according to the plant communities. Within each of these zones, each type of patch responded to the previously mentioned factors, differentially and independently. This determined a general lack of inter-community association or ﬂoristic correlation between scrub and grassland plant communities in contact. The spatial association is a random process probably related to the particular human management realised on every scrubland and grassland patch. The scrub–grassland pattern, which is characteristic of the Mediterranean landscape, does not represent an integrated response unit of the vegetation to a given environment, but rather the sum of the independent responses to the environment of the two patches in contact.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meekes, H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trends in European cultural landscape development: perspectives for a sustainable future</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape history</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management bodies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research priorities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural landscape</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-14</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe has a long history of landscape use, ranging from prehistoric to present times. Many old cultural landscapes have high qualities, but the management regime they developed under is no more feasible economically. Modern society increasingly utilizes landscape in a great variety of ways and for many purposes. This poses a complex pressure on cultural landscapes, threatening landscape qualities. Therefore planners and managers are facing the question: how can a sustainable future for old cultural landscapes, based on sound economics and the commitment of all actors be achieved? After a comprehensive overview of landscape use in the past, the various ways in which people have regarded their landscape and the ever changing attitude towards landscape use are reviewed. Modern agricultural practices, urbanization and recreation all threaten the existence of valuable cultural landscapes, but simple solutions to conserve many of these landscapes are not at hand. Perspectives for a sustainable future for historic European cultural landscapes are based on the following observations: society's demand for multifunctionality; the inclination of farmers to meet this demand if it is economically pro®table; support from national and local authorities (and the public) for ecologically sound management and ®nally, decentralization of landscape ruling and legislation, which favours regional solutions. Landscape ecology, as a study of relations on the earth's surface can tackle planning and management issues from numerous view points, each with its own focal points. Scientists from all over Europe, convening in the Netherlands, set out new directions for landscape science. Priorities for the next century include: integration between disciplines; matching of scales in time and place with users, researchers and decision makers to enhance interaction and understanding</style></abstract></record></records></xml>