<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohen, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varga, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vila, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barrassaud, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A multi-scale and multi-disciplinary approach to monitor landscape dynamics: a case study in the Catalan pre-Pyrenees (Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Geographical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">integrated methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean mountain landscapes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2010.00368.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79 - 91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A multi-scale and multi-disciplinary method was tested in the Catalan pre-Pyrenees in order to understand the relationship between landscape change, landscape processes, and ecological and social characteristics of landscapes. The three scales, and their corresponding methods, help us understand the processes of landscape change: on a general scale, a standardisation due to forest spread; on a detailed scale, a fragmentation of non-forest habitats; and on a local scale, the regeneration and scattering of woody species. Major landscape alterations have been observed through remotely sensed data. Closed forest area grew 140% at the expense of non-forest habitats such as pastures (–75%) and cultivated lands (–95%) during the past 50 years. Ecological metrics show a landscape standardisation (SHDI divided by 3) and a fragmentation of farmed landscapes. These changes, following a spatial pattern based on topography, explain the dynamic of the woody species in residual pastures, despite the persistence of cattle grazing as observed during ﬁeld surveys. Yet, the forest, which constitutes the matrix of landscape, is not stable because of competition between species. The landscape change is related to the decline of the population (divided by 4.5 during the past 50 years) and the agricultural activities (number of farms divided by 2 or 3 during the past 20 years), and the favourable mild climate. The sustainable development of this territory should make the objectives of conservation, biodiversity and landscape protection and the preservation of their Mediterranean features compatible, and support agricultural activities that will contribute to this biological diversity and cultural identity</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romero-Calcerrada, Raúl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry, George L. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of land abandonment in landscape dynamics in the SPA ‘Encinares del rı́o Alberche y Cofio, Central Spain, 1984–1999</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape metric</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">special protection areas (spa)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transition matrix model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204603001129</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217 - 232</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4420784822</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use has changed dramatically over the last 30–40 years throughout the Mediterranean. Much of this change has been driven by shifts in agricultural and socio-economic policy. This paper explores landscape dynamics in the SPA ‘Encinares del r´ıo Alberche y Coﬁo’ Central Spain between 1984 and 1999 in an area of approximately 83,000 ha. Categorical land cover maps, derived from three (1984, 1991 and 1999) remotely sensed Landsat images, are analyzed using a suite of landscape pattern metrics, and a simple transition matrix model of landscape change is developed. As with other landscapes in the Mediterranean a key trend is that of the abandonment of agricultural land and its subsequent succession to scrubland and woodland. Although there were signiﬁcant composition changes in the landscape over the study period conﬁgurational changes are less evident. The transition matrix model suggests that there were differences in landscape dynamics between 1984–1991 and 1991–1999—most importantly an increase in the rate of land abandonment is evident. The model predicts a steady state landscape containing a higher abundance of scrubland and woodland, and a corresponding decline in pastureland and cropland. Finally, the underlying socio-economic and other drivers of landscape change in the Encinares del r´ıo Alberche y Coﬁo and some of the implications of recent changes are discussed in terms of increased wildﬁre risk. Sustainable management of landscapes to protect biodiversity requires the type of study described here. A necessary pre-requisite of such management activities or planning is an assessment of changes in landscape pattern and process, the social and economic pressures driving them, and their possible effects on ecosystem structure and function.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record></records></xml>