<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, Armando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rocha, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Conceição</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Al, E. T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENETIC STABILITY EVALUATION OF QUERCUS SUBER L . SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS BY RAPD ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pakistan Journal of Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic stability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAPD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2727 - 2731</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A reliable protocol for adult Quercus suber L. somatic embryogenesis (SE) was developed recently. To evaluate the potential use of this protocol in cork oak forest breeding programs, it is essential to guarantee somatic embryos/emblings genetic stability. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is currently used to assess somaclonal variation providing information on genetic variability of the micropropagation process. In this work, SE was induced from adult trees by growing leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and zeatin. Embling conversion took place on MS medium without growth regulators. DNA from donor tree, somatic embryos and emblings was used to assess genetic variability by RAPD fingerprinting. Fourteen primers produced 165 genetic loci with high quality and reproducibility. Despite somatic embryos originated some poor quality PCR-profiles, replicable and excellent fingerprints were obtained for both donor plant and embling. Results presented no differences among regenerated emblings and donor plant. Hence, the SE protocol used did not induce, up to moment, any genetic variability, confirming data previously obtained with other molecular/genetic techniques, supporting that this protocol may be used to provide true-to-type plants from important forestry species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, M. Concepción</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, M. Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Silvia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferro, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viéitez, Ana M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maturation and germination of oak somatic embryos originated from leaf and stem explants: RAPD markers for genetic analysis of regenerants.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of plant physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA polymorphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic stability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant conversion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus robur</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12872492</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">699 - 707</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiments were performed to determine the influence of maturation medium carbohydrate content on the rates of germination and plantlet conversion (root and shoot growth) of somatic embryos from four embryogenic lines derived from leaf or internode explants of Quercus robur L. seedlings. The conversion rate was favoured by high carbohydrate content as long as the maturation medium contained at least 2% sucrose, which was necessary for healthy embryo development. Given this, sorbitol and mannitol favoured the conversion rate more efficiently than sucrose, the highest rate, 32%, being achieved by medium with 6% sorbitol and 3% sucrose. Maturation treatment did not affect the root or shoot lengths of converted embryos. In supplementary experiments, 2 weeks of gibberellic acid treatment between maturation and germination treatments did not improve germination rates, but did reduce root length and the number of leaves per regenerated plantlet. In the four embryogenic lines tested, plant recovery rate was enhanced by inclusion of benzyladenine into the germination medium following culture of the embryos on maturation medium with 6% sorbitol and 2-3% sucrose. In embryogenic systems it is important to assess the uniformity of the regenerants. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 32 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers was performed to study variability in DNA sequences within and between four embryogenic lines. No intraclonal nor interclonal polymorphism was detected between embryogenic lines originating from different types of explant from the same seedling, but every one of the primers detected enough polymorphism among clones originating from different plants to allow these three origins to be distinguished. No differences in DNA sequences between regenerated plantlets and their somatic embryos of origin were detected, but a nodular callus line that had lost its embryogenic capacity was found to be mutant with respect to three other clones originating from the same plantlet. This study shows that high carbohydrate levels in the maturation medium significantly increase plant conversion of oak somatic embryos, which exhibit no variation in DNA sequences when proliferated by secondary embryogenesis.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 12872492</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, M Concepción</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, M Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Silvia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferro, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viéitez, Ana M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maturation and germination of oak somatic embryos originated from leaf and stem explants: RAPD markers for genetic analysis of regenerants.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of plant physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA polymorphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic stability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant conversion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus robur</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">699-707</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiments were performed to determine the influence of maturation medium carbohydrate content on the rates of germination and plantlet conversion (root and shoot growth) of somatic embryos from four embryogenic lines derived from leaf or internode explants of Quercus robur L. seedlings. The conversion rate was favoured by high carbohydrate content as long as the maturation medium contained at least 2% sucrose, which was necessary for healthy embryo development. Given this, sorbitol and mannitol favoured the conversion rate more efficiently than sucrose, the highest rate, 32%, being achieved by medium with 6% sorbitol and 3% sucrose. Maturation treatment did not affect the root or shoot lengths of converted embryos. In supplementary experiments, 2 weeks of gibberellic acid treatment between maturation and germination treatments did not improve germination rates, but did reduce root length and the number of leaves per regenerated plantlet. In the four embryogenic lines tested, plant recovery rate was enhanced by inclusion of benzyladenine into the germination medium following culture of the embryos on maturation medium with 6% sorbitol and 2-3% sucrose. In embryogenic systems it is important to assess the uniformity of the regenerants. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 32 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers was performed to study variability in DNA sequences within and between four embryogenic lines. No intraclonal nor interclonal polymorphism was detected between embryogenic lines originating from different types of explant from the same seedling, but every one of the primers detected enough polymorphism among clones originating from different plants to allow these three origins to be distinguished. No differences in DNA sequences between regenerated plantlets and their somatic embryos of origin were detected, but a nodular callus line that had lost its embryogenic capacity was found to be mutant with respect to three other clones originating from the same plantlet. This study shows that high carbohydrate levels in the maturation medium significantly increase plant conversion of oak somatic embryos, which exhibit no variation in DNA sequences when proliferated by secondary embryogenesis.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12872492</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>