<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guenther, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapparini, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filella, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seco, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estiarte, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mejia-Chang, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibáñez, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castaño, L M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turnipseed, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duhl, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harley, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vila, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estavillo, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villanueva, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facini, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baraldi, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geron, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mak, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patton, E G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenberg, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intensive measurements of gas, water, and energy exchange between vegetation and troposphere during the MONTES Campaign in a vegetation gradient from short semi-desertic shrublands to tall wet temperate forests in the NW Mediterranean basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aircraft</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boundary Layer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CH4</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CO2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evapotranspiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">green biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lai</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">latent heat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">masts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEGAN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N2O</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sensible heat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tethered balloons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vertical profiles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOCs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submitted</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract MONTES (“Woodlands”) was a multidisciplinary international field campaign aimed at measuring energy, water and especially gas exchange between vegetation and atmosphere in a gradient from short semi-desertic shrublands to tall wet temperate forests in NE Spain in the North Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB). The measurements were performed at a semidesertic area (Monegros), at a coastal Meditrerranean shrubland area (Garraf), at a typical Mediterranean holm oak forest area (Prades) and at a wet temperate beech forest (Montseny) during spring (April 2010) under optimal plant physiological conditions in driest-warmest sites and during summer (July 2010) with drought and heat stresses in the driest-warmest sites and optimal conditions in the wettest-coolest site. The objective of this campaign was to study the differences in gas, water and energy exchange occurring at different vegetation coverages and biomasses. Particular attention was devoted to quantitatively understand the exchange of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) because of their biological and environmental effects in the WMB. A wide range of instruments (GC-MS, PTR-MS, meteorological sensors, O3 monitors,…) and vertical platforms such as masts, tethered balloons and aircraft were used to characterize the gas, water and energy exchange at increasing footprint areas by measuring vertical profiles. In this paper we provide an overview of the MONTES campaign: the objectives, the characterization of the biomass and gas, water and energy exchange in the 4 sites-areas using satellite data, the estimation of isoprene and monoterpene emissions using MEGAN model, the measurements performed and the first results. The isoprene and monoterpene emission rates estimated with MEGAN and emission factors measured at the foliar level for the dominant species ranged from about 0 to 0.2 mg m-2 h-1 in April. The warmer temperature in July resulted in higher model estimates from about 0 to ca 1.6 mg m-2 h-1 for isoprene and ca. 4.5 mg m-2 h-1 for monoterpenes, depending on the site vegetation and footprint area considered. There were clear daily and seasonal patterns with higher emission rates and mixing ratios at midday and summer relative to early morning and early spring. There was a significant trend in CO2 fixation (from 1 to 10 mg C m-2 d-1), transpiration (from x 1 to 5 kg C m-2 d-1), and sensible and latent heat from the warmest-driest to the coolest-wettest site. The results showed the strong land-cover-specific influence on emissions of BVOCs, gas, energy and water exchange, and therefore demonstrate the potential for feed-back to atmospheric chemistry and climate.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villanueva, Florentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tapia, Araceli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Notario, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albaladejo, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, Ernesto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ambient levels and temporal trends of VOCs, including carbonyl compounds, and ozone at Cabañeros National Park border, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aldehydes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cabañeros National Park</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">passive samplers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOCs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">256-265</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Concentration levels of 15 carbonyls, 17 VOCs and ozone were studied at Cabañeros National Park border, Spain, in an area mainly constituted by holm oaks (Quercus ilex) and cork oaks (Quercus suber), along with scrubland formations such as rock-rose and heather. The compounds were collected by means of diffusive samplers from August–November 2010 and February–August 2011. Carbonyl compounds, VOCs and O3 were analysed by HPLC with diode array UV–Vis detector, GC–FID and by UV–visible spectrophotometry, respectively. The most abundant carbonyls were hexanal, acetone–acrolein, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Seasonal variation was apparent with maximum values observed in summer months. Total carbonyl concentrations ranged from 2.8 to 19.7 μg m−3. Most VOCs studied (using chemically desorbable cartridges) were either not detected or were below their detection limits, however, a parallel sampling using thermally desorbable cartridges, from May 22 to June 19, revealed the presence of much more VOCs, identified using GC–MS. O3 concentration ranged from 27.2 to 90.5 μg m−3, reaching the maximum monthly mean concentration in March (84.4 μg m−3). The analysis of back trajectories indicates the transport of polluted air masses from remote areas, mainly from the Mediterranean basin that should contribute to the high levels of ozone observed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seco, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filella, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schallhart, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metzger, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mueller, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hansel, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile organic compounds in the western Mediterranean basin: urban and rural winter measurements during the DAURE campaign</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOCs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4291-4306</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have key environmental and biological roles, but little is known about the daily VOC mixing ratios in Mediterranean urban and natural environments. We measured VOC mixing ratios concurrently at an urban and a rural site during the winter DAURE campaign in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, by means of PTR-MS at both locations: a PTR-Quad-MS at the urban site and a PTR-ToF-MS at the rural site. All VOC mixing ratios measured were higher at the urban site (e. g. acetaldehyde, isoprene, benzene, and toluene with averages up to 1.68, 0.31, 0.58 and 2.71 ppbv, respectively), with the exception of some short-chain oxygenated VOCs such as acetone (with similar averages of 0.7-1.6 ppbv at both sites). The average diurnal pattern also differed between the sites. Most of the VOCs at the urban location showed their highest mixing ratios in the morning and evening. These peaks coincided with traffic during rush hour, the main origin of most of the VOCs analyzed. Between these two peaks, the sea breeze transported the urban air inland, thus helping to lower the VOC loading at the urban site. At the rural site, most of the measured VOCs were advected by the midday sea breeze, yielding the highest daily VOC mixing ratios (e. g. acetaldehyde, isoprene, benzene, and toluene with averages up to 0.65, 0.07, 0.19, and 0.41 ppbv, respectively). Only biogenic monoterpenes showed a clear local origin at this site. In addition, the concentrations of fine particulate matter observed at both sites, together with the synoptic meteorological conditions and radio-sounding data, allowed the identification of different atmospheric scenarios that had a clear influence on the measured VOC mixing ratios. These results highlight the differences and relationships in VOC mixing ratios between nearby urban and rural areas in Mediterranean regions. Further research in other urban-rural areas is warranted to better understand the urban-rural influence on atmospheric VOC mixing ratios under different atmospheric conditions.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manes, Fausto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seufert, Günther</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitale, Marcello</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecophysiological studies of Mediterranean plant species at the Castelporziano estate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transpiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOCs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xylem water potential</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-60</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e aim of this work was to characterize the eco-physiological performance of the main plant species of the Castelporziano site by single leaf investigations. We measured the leaf gas exchange of Quercus ilex L., Pinus pinea L., Pistacia lentiscus L. and Asphodelus microcarpus L. for several days. Additionally, the xylem water potential of Quercus ibex, Pinus pinea and Pistacia lentiscus was recorded in order to obtain more physiological background information for the discussion of the trace gas emissions. This study indicates significantly different physiological responses to the different environmental condi- tions. In particular, summer conditions (high values of light, air temperature and low xylem water potentials) caused the depression of photosynthesis in Quercus ibex and Pinus pinea but did not affect photosynthesis of Pistacia lentiscus and Asphodelus microcarpus. This should be taken into account when discussing VOC emission rates and fluxes</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Street, R A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Owen, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duckham, S C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of habitat and age on variations in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from Quercus ilex and Pinus pinea</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">branch enclosure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus pinea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOCs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89-100</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A dynamic branch enclosure was used to measure emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under field conditions from two common native Mediterranean species, Quercus ilex and Pinus pinea. In addition to a-pinene, B-pinene, sabinene, limonene and cineole, a suite of lesser known compounds were tentatively identified including cis- and trans-ocimene, cis- and trans-linalool oxide and sabinaketone. Emissions of isoprene from Quercus ilex were insignificant in comparison to those of the monoterpenes and were not detected from Pinus pinea. Variability in emission rates between two habitats, the forest and the dunes, were assessed for Quercus ibex. Temperature sensitivities of emissions and total summed emission rates from Quercus ilex were clearly related to environmental conditions. Emission rates from Pinus pinea showed great variability, but differences between normalised mean emission rates from mature forest and young plantation trees may be significant. Existing emission rate models were found to inadequately describe the observed data.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Owen, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boissard, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Street, R A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duckham, S C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csiky, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hewitt, C N</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Screening of 18 Mediterranean plant species for volatile organic compound emissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">branch enclosure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chrysanthemum praecox</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cistus incanus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus salvifolius</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytisus sp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dittrichia sp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica arborea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica multiflora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helichrysum stoechas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus oxycedrus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus phoenicea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">myrtus communis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillyrea angustifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus pinea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubus fruticosus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spartium junceum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOCs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31, Supple</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101-117</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eighteen tree and shrub species were screened for emissions of isoprene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three locations at Castelporziano (Italy) using a bag-enclosure sampling method followed by GC analysis. Thirty emitted compounds were identified. Temperature sensitivity of emissions of monoterpenes varied between species. Strong temperature dependencies were found for isoprene emissions. For monoterpene-emitting plant species with greatest ground cover in the dunes and macchia habitats, α-pinene, β-pinene and sabinene appeared to be the most frequently and abundantly emitted compounds. Isoprene was the major emission from the shrub species screened in the forest. Emissions from four dominant plant species were scaled up to estimate total fluxes from the dunes and macchia over a daytime period. Species with greatest biomass but low emission rates made a substantial contribution to total emissions.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>