<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baraza, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, Regino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hódar, José a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species-Specific Responses of Tree Saplings to Herbivory in Contrasting Light Environments: An Experimental Approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecoscience</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ainsi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analyser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arbres ressort comme un</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clipping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">compensation capacity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">élément clé</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">espèces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">espèces coexistantes d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivorie interagissent pour modeler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivorie sont 2 facteurs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la disponibilité de la</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la façon dont la</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">le but de ce</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ligneuses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lumière et l</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance des gaules d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">principaux influençant la régénération</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regeneration niche</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">résumé</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sapling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">travail est d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">une meilleure compréhension de</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2980/17-2-3286</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">156 - 165</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light availability and herbivory are 2 major factors affecting the regeneration of woody species, and thus a better perception of how light and herbivory interact to shape the sapling performance of cohabitant tree species emerges as a key issue. The purpose of this work is to experimentally analyze the influence of light conditions on tree responses to browsing. We evaluated the responses to browsing (simulated by mechanical clipping of 50% of current-year shoots) of saplings from 2 deciduous (Acer opalus ssp. granatense and Quercus pyrenaica) and 2 evergreen (Quercus ilex and Pinus nigra ssp. salzmannii) late-successional tree species, measuring an array of morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits. The experiment was performed with saplings grown for 2 y under 3 experimental light environments emulating natural microhabitats: full (open microhabitats), 80% (below pioneer shrub canopy), and 13% (below tree canopy) sunlight. Clipping affected biomass distribution, growth, and sapling size, while only slight physiological and biochemical effects were detected. Species characteristics and the light environment in which saplings grow determine their capacity to recover biomass lost after herbivore damage. Black pine was found to be the least tolerant species to clipping, whereas the broadleaf species displayed greater recovery after clipping. Light scarcity increased the nutritional quality of plants and negatively affected herbivory tolerance of 3 of the 4 species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonfil, Consuelo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, Javier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of disturbance in the co-existence of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Quercus cerrioides</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clipping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">423-430</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: Which is the response of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Q. cerrioides to repeated disturbances? Location: central Catalonia (northeastern Spain), in the areas affected by two of the largest historically recorded wildfires in NE Spain: the Bages-Berguedà fire (24 300 ha forested area burned in July 1994), and the Solsonès fire (14 300 ha burned in 1998). Methods: Survival and growth of individuals of Quercus ilex and Q. cerrioides were evaluated in plants subjected to different fire histories and experimental disturbances (burning, cutting or clipping) applied either before or after summer. Results: Survival was high (&gt; 99%), with both species showing a similar high resistance to disturbances. Growth after experimental disturbance was positively related to the size of the individual before the latest forest fire occurred. Fire history had a large effect on resprout growth, as the repeated incidence of disturbances lowered the capacity of individuals to grow. The type and season of experimental disturbance experienced by plants had a large effect. Individuals that experienced total above-ground loss had lower growth rates than those with partial loss. A similar pattern was observed in individuals disturbed after the summer in relation to those disturbed before summer. Conclusions: The larger growth rates recorded in Q. cerrioides across all fire histories and experimental treatments, and the higher vulnerability of Q. ilex to increased fire frequency, intensity of experimental disturbance, and disturbance season, provide evidence for the relatively high susceptibility of the latter to repeated disturbances. This view disagrees with the larger resilience of this species compared to co-existing deciduous oaks, as reported.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonfil, Consuelo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, Javier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of disturbance in the co-existence of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Quercus cerrioides</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clipping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02280.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">423 - 430</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: Which is the response of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Q. cerrioides to repeated disturbances? Location: central Catalonia (northeastern Spain), in the areas affected by two of the largest historically recorded wildfires in NE Spain: the Bages-Berguedà fire (24 300 ha forested area burned in July 1994), and the Solsonès fire (14 300 ha burned in 1998). Methods: Survival and growth of individuals of Quercus ilex and Q. cerrioides were evaluated in plants subjected to different fire histories and experimental disturbances (burning, cutting or clipping) applied either before or after summer. Results: Survival was high (&gt; 99%), with both species showing a similar high resistance to disturbances. Growth after experimental disturbance was positively related to the size of the individual before the latest forest fire occurred. Fire history had a large effect on resprout growth, as the repeated incidence of disturbances lowered the capacity of individuals to grow. The type and season of experimental disturbance experienced by plants had a large effect. Individuals that experienced total above-ground loss had lower growth rates than those with partial loss. A similar pattern was observed in individuals disturbed after the summer in relation to those disturbed before summer. Conclusions: The larger growth rates recorded in Q. cerrioides across all fire histories and experimental treatments, and the higher vulnerability of Q. ilex to increased fire frequency, intensity of experimental disturbance, and disturbance season, provide evidence for the relatively high susceptibility of the latter to repeated disturbances. This view disagrees with the larger resilience of this species compared to co-existing deciduous oaks, as reported.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qarro, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Montard, F X</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etude de la productivité des parcours de la zone d'Ain-Leuh (Moyen Atlas, plateau central). I. Effets de la fréquence d'exploitation et du taux de couvert arboré sur la productivité herbacée</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agronomie</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clipping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dry matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rythm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silvopastoral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water deficit</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">477-487</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rough pastures in Middle Atlas spread over four bioclimatic levels: 1, Quercus ilex and Juniperus oxycedrus forest; 2, pure Quercus ilex forest; 3, Cedrus atlantica and Quercus ilex forest; 4, unsylvatic low grass, from 900 to 2 200 m above sea level. Dry matter production of grass was measured from and underneath the tree canopy in 1983 and 1984 in order to compare the effect of a variety of intervals between cuts and to measure shadow influence. Grass growth mainly occured from late January to early July; it began later at Cedrus-Quercus and low grass sites and stopped earlier at pure Quercus and Quercus-Juniperus sites, depending on longer frost persistence at highest levels, on earlier arrival of drought at lowest levels. Mean dry matter production was 2.5 kg h 1a d-! on light 30 cm deep soils at Quercus-Juniperus level and dolomitic soils at Cedrus-Quercus level. It was 5.5 kg ha-! d i- on colluvial soils at pure Quercus level and basaltic soil at lowgrass level Water balance and legume species abundance explained a great part of D.M. variance. Four cuts per year were more productive than three or five. Missing the earliest cuts resulted in much lower D.M. yields: a half with two cuts; three of five with an only cut per year. Shadow poorly reduced the yield up to a forest canopy cover of about 60%: from 35 to 65% cover, the canopy resulted in 30% fall in seasonal yield as water supply was not limiting, but had no effect as relative water deficit occurred. A pasture and forestry mixed system, aiming a canopy of 60 to 70% cover, would result in better conditions for cattle breeding and timber as a whole.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>