<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, José M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nieto, M. Aurora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-de-Sá, Esther G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gascó, Gabriel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méndez, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plaza, César</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide emissions from semi-arid soils amended with biochar alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Science of the total environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biochar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbonates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inorganic C</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mineral fertilizer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organic amendment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic matter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714002861</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">482-483C</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-arid soils cover a significant area of Earth's land surface and typically contain large amounts of inorganic C. Determining the effects of biochar additions on CO2 emissions from semi-arid soils is therefore essential for evaluating the potential of biochar as a climate change mitigation strategy. Here, we measured the CO2 that evolved from semi-arid calcareous soils amended with biochar at rates of 0 and 20tha(-1) in a full factorial combination with three different fertilizers (mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, and sewage sludge) applied at four rates (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, and 225kg potentially available Nha(-1)) during 182days of aerobic incubation. A double exponential model, which describes cumulative CO2 emissions from two active soil C compartments with different turnover rates (one relatively stable and the other more labile), was found to fit very well all the experimental datasets. In general, the organic fertilizers increased the size and decomposition rate of the stable and labile soil C pools. In contrast, biochar addition had no effects on any of the double exponential model parameters and did not interact with the effects ascribed to the type and rate of fertilizer. After 182days of incubation, soil organic and microbial biomass C contents tended to increase with increasing the application rates of organic fertilizer, especially of compost, whereas increasing the rate of mineral fertilizer tended to suppress microbial biomass. Biochar was found to increase both organic and inorganic C contents in soil and not to interact with the effects of type and rate of fertilizer on C fractions. As a whole, our results suggest that the use of biochar as enhancer of semi-arid soils, either alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers, is unlikely to increase abiotic and biotic soil CO2 emissions.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 24632059</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreetta, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dignac, Marie-France</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carnicelli, Stefano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological and physico-chemical processes influence cutin and suberin biomarker distribution in two Mediterranean forest soil profiles</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogeochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cutins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10533-011-9693-9</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent investigations have shown macromolecules, such as cutins, and suberins as effective markers for above and belowground plant tissues. These biopolyesters contain structural units speciﬁc for different litter components and for root biomass. The aim of this work was to understand the fate of plant organic matter (OM) in Mediterranean forest soils by evaluating the incorporation of cutin and suberin by measuring speciﬁc biomarkers. Soil and plant tissue (leaves, woods and roots) samples were collected in two mixed Mediterranean forests of Quercus ilex (holm oak) in costal stands in Tuscany (central Italy), which have different ecological and edaphic features. Ester-bound lipids of mineral and organic horizons and the overlying vegetation were analysed using the saponiﬁcation method in order to depolymerise cutins and suberins and release their speciﬁc structural units. Cutin and suberin speciﬁc aliphatic monomers were identiﬁed and quantiﬁed by gas chromatographic techniques. The distribution of cutin and suberin speciﬁc monomers in plant tissue suggested that mid-chain hydroxy acids can be used as leaf-speciﬁc markers and a,x-alkanedioic acids and xC18:1 as root-speciﬁc markers. Differences in the distributions of biomarkers speciﬁc for above and belowground plant-derived OM was observed in the two types of soils, suggesting contrasted degradation, stabilisation and transport mechanisms that may be related to soil physico-chemical properties. The acidic and dry soil appeared to inhibit microbial activity, favouring stabilization of leaf-derived compounds, while, in the more fertile soil, protection within aggregates appeared to better preserve root-derived compounds.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>