<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kikuta, S B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrasound acoustic emissions from bark samples differing in anatomical characteristics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYTON-ANNALES REI BOTANICAE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cavitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehydration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fibres</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infiltration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">periderm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sclereids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary phloem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ultrasound acoustic emissions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERDINAND BERGER SOEHNE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WIENER STRASSE 21-23, A-3580 HORN, AUSTRIA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-178</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines ultrasound acoustic emissions (UAE) from various bark types differing in anatomical characteristics. UAE were detected in dehydrating bark strips from twigs of two conifers (Pinus nigra ARNOLD, Taxus baccata L.), and four woody dicotyledons (Hedera helix L.. Malus sylvestris MILL., Sambuctis nigra L., and Tilia platyphyllos SCOP.) with varying contents of dead mechanical elements in the cortex and in the secondary phloem. If filled with water, non-conducting bark elements (sclereids, fibre-sclereids, secondary phloem fibres and periderm cells) emitted ultrasound during dehydration. Signal production varied between the species and the bark layers studied. Pressure infiltration increased the number of UAE conspicuously. UAE were also registered from infiltrated sections of bottle cork (Quercus suber L.) and infiltrated walnut shells (Juglans regia L.) built of sclereids only and characterised by lignified secondary cell walls. Stems of Sphagnum sp. emitted UAE, probably originating in hyalocysts, dead non-conducting water storage cells in the leaves. Living cells (inner epidermes of bulb scales of Allium cepa L. and collenchyma, strands from the herbaceous stern of Lamium maculatum L.) produced only very few UAE. The results suggest that ultrasound acoustic emissions during dehydration do not only occur in cavitating conducting xylem elements but also in non-conducting, dead cells with thick walls.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergkamp, Ger</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A hierarchical view of the interactions of runoff and infiltration with vegetation and microtopography in semiarid shrublands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catena</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infiltration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean hillslopes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">runoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiarid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation patterns</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0341816298000927</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201 - 220</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measurements of runoff and infiltration were made at five spatial scales, terracette . -1 m , 2 . 2 hummock 10–20 m , part-slope 1000–2000 m , slope 1 ha and catchment 50 ha , on a . . . shrubland and an open forest site. The study was aimed at understanding the relationships between runoff production, vegetation patterns and microtopography at different spatial scales within a sparsely vegetated, semiarid area. The results of runoff monitoring and rainfall simulation experiments showed that runoff did not occur at the slope scale. It was buffered at the terracette level by nonuniform infiltration at the rims of terracettes and at the hummock scale by rapid infiltration under oak shrubs and trees. Slope and catchment runoff were not connected to runoff at these fine scales. The field evidence is discussed within the context of hierarchy theory, and the implications for management of these shrublands are related to maintaining both the vegetation mosaic and runoff on these slopes</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></issue></record></records></xml>