<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marques, António Velez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aliphatic bio-oils from corks: A Py–GC/MS study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bio-oil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pyrolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork samples from Betula pendula, Quercus suber and Quercus cerris were submitted to Py–GC–MS/FID at temperatures between 550°C and 900°C and the pyrolysis-derived compounds (py-products) were identified and quantified. Corks were compared with wood samples. Py-products include suberin, lignin and carbohydrates derivatives. Suberin py-products are dominated by unsaturated aliphatics. Corks pyrolysis yield and composition were dramatically influenced by temperature in contrast to wood that showed stable results across temperatures. At 850–900°C the peaks area of cork pyrograms were approximately two times higher than at 550°C, for which yield was about half of the woods, and cork py-products were dominated by suberin-derived short chain aliphatics, namely 1-alkenes, while at 550°C composition was dominated by lignin derivatives. Lignin and carbohydrate derived products decreased dramatically over 750°C while the opposite was observed for unsaturated aliphatics. Cork materials show a high potential as feedstock for production of aliphatic-rich pyrolytic biofuels or as a source of olefins.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şen, Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quilhó, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cellular structure of cork from Quercus cerris var. cerris bark in a materials’ perspective</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial Crops and Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">929-936</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork in the outer bark of trees is among the valuable raw materials of biological origin due to properties that result mainly from its cellular structure. Large scale commercial utilization of cork has been only achieved with cork from Quercus suber. Another oak species, Quercus cerris, also contains substantial, albeit not continuous, regions of cork that are clearly visible to the naked eye but are so far considered as a waste material. Bark samples of Q. cerris var. cerris trees were collected from the Andırın province, Turkey. Cork portions were separated and their cellular structure was investigated with optical and electron scanning microscopy observations. The results were compared with Q. suber cork. Q. cerris cork has the typical features of cork tissues with a regular and radially aligned structure of suberized cells without intercellular voids, showing a ring structure and a distinction of earlycork and latecork cells. Solid volume fraction was estimated at 25% (22% in earlycork, 36% in latecork). In Q. cerris cork cells are smaller, cell wall thickness and solid volume fraction are higher, and the tissue is less homogeneous with a higher content of ligniﬁed inclusions than in Q. suber cork. These factors will negatively inﬂuence quality in regard to density and mechanical properties associated to elasticity. However, this does not impair its use for production of granulates and agglomerates, e.g. for insulation and energy absorption. Separation of the cork fraction from the bark is a step required before further processing and use.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berahou, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auhmani, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fdil, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benharref, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadhi, C a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial activity of Quercus ilex bark's extracts.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of ethnopharmacology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agar-dilution method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disc-diffusion method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organic extracts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">426-429</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The antibacterial activity of different extracts of Quercus ilex bark (Fagaceae) was studied in vitro against seven reference strains of bacteria by using a disc-diffusion method and agar-dilution method. The ethyl acetate extract (QE), n-butanol extract (QB) and final aqueous layer (QA) were effective against all bacterial strains tested at MICs ranging from 128 to 512 microg/ml. The n-hexane extract (QH) and dichloromethane extract (QD) showed no activity.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17513077</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berahou, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auhmani, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fdil, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benharref, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jana, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadhi, C. a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial activity of Quercus ilex bark's extracts.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of ethnopharmacology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agar-dilution method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disc-diffusion method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organic extracts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17513077</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">426 - 429</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The antibacterial activity of different extracts of Quercus ilex bark (Fagaceae) was studied in vitro against seven reference strains of bacteria by using a disc-diffusion method and agar-dilution method. The ethyl acetate extract (QE), n-butanol extract (QB) and final aqueous layer (QA) were effective against all bacterial strains tested at MICs ranging from 128 to 512 microg/ml. The n-hexane extract (QH) and dichloromethane extract (QD) showed no activity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 17513077</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kikuta, S B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrasound acoustic emissions from bark samples differing in anatomical characteristics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYTON-ANNALES REI BOTANICAE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cavitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehydration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fibres</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infiltration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">periderm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sclereids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary phloem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ultrasound acoustic emissions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERDINAND BERGER SOEHNE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WIENER STRASSE 21-23, A-3580 HORN, AUSTRIA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-178</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines ultrasound acoustic emissions (UAE) from various bark types differing in anatomical characteristics. UAE were detected in dehydrating bark strips from twigs of two conifers (Pinus nigra ARNOLD, Taxus baccata L.), and four woody dicotyledons (Hedera helix L.. Malus sylvestris MILL., Sambuctis nigra L., and Tilia platyphyllos SCOP.) with varying contents of dead mechanical elements in the cortex and in the secondary phloem. If filled with water, non-conducting bark elements (sclereids, fibre-sclereids, secondary phloem fibres and periderm cells) emitted ultrasound during dehydration. Signal production varied between the species and the bark layers studied. Pressure infiltration increased the number of UAE conspicuously. UAE were also registered from infiltrated sections of bottle cork (Quercus suber L.) and infiltrated walnut shells (Juglans regia L.) built of sclereids only and characterised by lignified secondary cell walls. Stems of Sphagnum sp. emitted UAE, probably originating in hyalocysts, dead non-conducting water storage cells in the leaves. Living cells (inner epidermes of bulb scales of Allium cepa L. and collenchyma, strands from the herbaceous stern of Lamium maculatum L.) produced only very few UAE. The results suggest that ultrasound acoustic emissions during dehydration do not only occur in cavitating conducting xylem elements but also in non-conducting, dead cells with thick walls.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ducceschi, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Legittimo, P Cellini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonzi, L Morassi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy Metals in Moss and Bark From Urban Area of Florence: A New Cleaness Procedure for Removing Superficial Particulate Matter</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry and Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomonitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy metals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moss</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-141</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Hypnum cupressiforme epiphytic moss and tree bark (elm and holm oak) samples have been collected in three sites of the city of Florence in the period 1995?1998. Lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium were determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in about 200 samples collected at different heights above ground. A new clean-up procedure by nitrogen jet has been followed and its efficiency has been also verified by electron microscopy (SEM and ESEM techniques). Lead median contents in moss and bark samples fall within the ranges of 0.052?0.86 and 0.20?1.30 ?moles g?1 (dry weight), resulting values for moss and bark are proportional to the vehicular traffic density. the increasing use of lead-free gasoline has not been followed by a decrease of lead moss concentration.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/02757549908037642</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/02757549908037642</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ducceschi, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Legittimo, P. Cellini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonzi, L. Morassi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy Metals in Moss and Bark From Urban Area of Florence: A New Cleaness Procedure for Removing Superficial Particulate Matter</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry and Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomonitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy metals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moss</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757549908037642</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119 - 141</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Hypnum cupressiforme epiphytic moss and tree bark (elm and holm oak) samples have been collected in three sites of the city of Florence in the period 1995?1998. Lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium were determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in about 200 samples collected at different heights above ground. A new clean-up procedure by nitrogen jet has been followed and its efficiency has been also verified by electron microscopy (SEM and ESEM techniques). Lead median contents in moss and bark samples fall within the ranges of 0.052?0.86 and 0.20?1.30 ?moles g?1 (dry weight), resulting values for moss and bark are proportional to the vehicular traffic density. the increasing use of lead-free gasoline has not been followed by a decrease of lead moss concentration.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/02757549908037642doi: 10.1080/02757549908037642The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmona, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ordovas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortega, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aguado, M T</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roeber, RU</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen availability in composted cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA AND PLANT NUTRITION IN HORTICULTURE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growing media</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N immobilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">349-352</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-6605-988-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous studies showed that plants grown in fresh cork (Quercus suber&lt;br/&gt;L. bark) had a reduced growth compared with peat and low rates of N. In&lt;br/&gt;composted cork, however, plant growth was similar with those in peat,&lt;br/&gt;but the N content of plants was still slightly lower.&lt;br/&gt;The purpose of this study was to investigate N availability in fresh and&lt;br/&gt;composted cork during 4, 5.5 and 7 months, using peat as control medium.&lt;br/&gt;The substrates were also incubated at 25 degrees C during 60 days after&lt;br/&gt;adding 0.25, 1.0, 1.75 or 3.0 g ammonium nitrate per 1 of substrate.&lt;br/&gt;Samples were taken periodically to measure NO3-N, NH4-N and total N.&lt;br/&gt;Also the Nitrogen Drawdown Index (NDI) for the addition of 75 mg.l(-1) N&lt;br/&gt;and 150 mg.l(-1) N was measured after incubation at 25 degrees C.&lt;br/&gt;N immobilization rates were well correlated to NDI. NH and soluble N&lt;br/&gt;drawed down rapidly in cork substrates while total N stayed constant.&lt;br/&gt;High rates of ammonium nitrate should be added to maintain a constant&lt;br/&gt;level of available N to plants in cork.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>31</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J, ANTOUN</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New method for treating gastric ulcers etc. - comprises oral admin. of extract of bark of carob and/or encina trees</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cancer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caratonia siliqua</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gastric ulcers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New method of treating gastric ulcers comprises oral admin. of extract of encina tree (Queras ilex) and/or carob tree (ceratonia siliqua). Also claimed is compsn. comprising bark extract of encina and/or carob tree. USE/ADVANTAGE-Extract is useful to treat gastric ulcer, gastritis, stomach gas and mouth ulcer. It may also cure cancer. In an example, approx. equal amts. of carob bark and encina bark (250 g total) were boiled in water (2l) for 25 mins. and the mixt. strained and cooled. A man diagnosed with gastric ulcers took 150 ml of this soln. 3 times daily, 15 min. before eating for 3-4 days. After a further 6-7 days the ulcers were diagnosed and healed</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnoler, Aldo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambini, Anna</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Notes: Effects of Artificial Defoliation on the Growth of Cork Oak</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bark</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porthetria dispar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1970</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">364-366</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Sardinia a single artificial removal of 50 percent or 100 percent of the foliage from Quercus suber L. trees in June caused serious growth losses. The weight of new leaves diminished significantly. Shoot growth and cambial growth were seriously reduced both in the year of treatment and in the following year. Ring width of the cork was greatly reduced in the year of treatment, but recovery was almost complete the following year. The decrease in xylem ring width reduced the generating area of the cork. The reduction in ring width of the cork and generating area resulted in a decline in cork production.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>