<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maícas, Ramón</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muriel, Jaime</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonillo, Juan Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández Haeger, Juan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nest-site selection, territory quality and breeding performance in a Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus population</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue tit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breeding performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nest-site selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Territory quality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Masson SAS</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-50</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns of territory selection and sources of variation for reproductive performance in a Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus population breeding in nest-boxes during years 2007 and 2008 in a holm oak forest are analyzed. Territory selection has been assessed as a function of two ﬁxed effect factors: territory location (peripheral vs. interior in the nestbox patch) and nestbox type (entrance hole: 26 mm vs. 32 mm). Breeding density was independent of these factors. Pairs nesting in periphery nest-boxes and in smallholed nestboxes owned territories bigger than those nesting in interior and large-holed nestboxes, respectively. The breeding traits studied were laying date, clutch size, hatching success, ﬂedgling success and breeding success. Egg laying was earlier in periphery territories and small-holed nestboxes. Between-year variation was a factor signiﬁcantly affecting to all breeding traits. Clutch size declines in late clutches. Hatching success was higher in territories with more tree density. Although egg laying started earlier in some territories, the mean breeding success was similar in all of them. However, territories with the greatest contribution of individuals to the population were those with small-holed nestboxes. Breeding success in successful pairs had a tendency to be higher in pairs with late clutches and in those nesting in interior territories with large-holed nestboxes. Both decreased breeding success and total breeding failure were much more important in the second breeding year than in the ﬁrst one. The high breeding density of Blue Tit, favored by the experimental design of nestbox plot, did not suggest signiﬁcant variation between territories in terms of breeding success achieved. Implications for nestbox management are discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bourgault, Patrice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perret, Philippe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lambrechts, Marcel M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food supplementation in distinct Corsican oak habitats and the timing of egg laying by Blue Tits</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue tit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food constraints</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food supplementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proximate factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">timing of breeding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127 - 134</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource constraints may impose physiological limitations on egg production and influence the timing of breeding in seasonally breeding birds. Food-supplementation experiments have demonstrated that food availability may influence the timing of egg laying, but the moderate response of birds in most studies suggests that the effect of food availability may be apparent only under certain ecological conditions. Experiments conducted in habitats that differ in ecological characteristics and natural availability of food sources are, therefore, needed to effectively examine the possible role of habitat-specific physiological constraints on the timing of breeding. We compared the response of Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to supplemental feeding in four oak woodlands that differed in elevation, forest type, and food availability on the island of Corsica. We found that supplemental feeding advanced the date of egg laying (by about 1 week) at only one of four sites; a site dominated by evergreen holm oak where the availability of natural food was likely lower than at the other sites. Our results suggest that the response of Blue Tits to supplemental food depends on the natural level of resource abundance, but, in addition, that the effect of supplemental feeding on the timing of breeding appears to be small compared to the typical and, for our study sites, great (&gt; 1.5 mo) between-population variation in clutch initiation dates. Physiological limitations related to the acquisition of nutrients and energy may exert only a limited effect on the onset of breeding, and behavioral flexibility in the integration of fine-scale environmental signals (e.g., temperature and phenology) that predict future breeding conditions may be more important in explaining variation among populations in the timing of breeding.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bourgault, Patrice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perret, Philippe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lambrechts, Marcel M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food supplementation in distinct Corsican oak habitats and the timing of egg laying by Blue Tits</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue tit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food constraints</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food supplementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proximate factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">timing of breeding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127-134</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource constraints may impose physiological limitations on egg production and influence the timing of breeding in seasonally breeding birds. Food-supplementation experiments have demonstrated that food availability may influence the timing of egg laying, but the moderate response of birds in most studies suggests that the effect of food availability may be apparent only under certain ecological conditions. Experiments conducted in habitats that differ in ecological characteristics and natural availability of food sources are, therefore, needed to effectively examine the possible role of habitat-specific physiological constraints on the timing of breeding. We compared the response of Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to supplemental feeding in four oak woodlands that differed in elevation, forest type, and food availability on the island of Corsica. We found that supplemental feeding advanced the date of egg laying (by about 1 week) at only one of four sites; a site dominated by evergreen holm oak where the availability of natural food was likely lower than at the other sites. Our results suggest that the response of Blue Tits to supplemental food depends on the natural level of resource abundance, but, in addition, that the effect of supplemental feeding on the timing of breeding appears to be small compared to the typical and, for our study sites, great (&gt; 1.5 mo) between-population variation in clutch initiation dates. Physiological limitations related to the acquisition of nutrients and energy may exert only a limited effect on the onset of breeding, and behavioral flexibility in the integration of fine-scale environmental signals (e.g., temperature and phenology) that predict future breeding conditions may be more important in explaining variation among populations in the timing of breeding.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blondel, Jacques</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On humans and wildlife in Mediterranean islands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Biogeography</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue tit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gene flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">insular syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">local differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mass extinction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">niche breadth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenotypic variation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">509-518</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim To investigate the effects of human-induced landscape changes in Mediterranean islands on the ecological and evolutionary responses of bird communities and populations. The combination of mass extinction of large mammals and massive deforestation by humans was hypothesized to produce new selection regimes to which organisms were likely to respond. Habitat selection and niche breadth have been investigated at the scale of species, and phenotypic variation at the scale of local populations. Location The study was carried out along habitat gradients and in habitat mosaics at different spatial scales on the island of Corsica and in areas of similar size and structure in continental France. Methods Two sets of gradients have been used for investigating habitat selection and niche breadth: gradients of altitude, and gradients of vegetation structure. Population studies focused on the blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus. Large samples of breeding attempts by this species in 10 habitats provided detailed data on phenotypic variation of fitness-related traits both on Corsica and on the mainland. Results The extent of niche space used by birds differed substantially depending on which habitat gradient was considered. Many species have been found to contract their habitat niche along the elevation gradient on Corsica compared with the mainland, whereas all species in the vegetation gradient broadened their niche on the island. Breeding patterns of the blue tit differed considerably depending on whether they settle in deciduous oaks (Quercus humilis) or in evergreen sclerophyllous oaks (Quercus ilex). Phenotypic variation of breeding traits was much higher on the island, where more populations were correctly timed for the best breeding period than on the mainland, a pattern that is likely to result from lower dispersal of organisms on the island. Main conclusions The differences in observed niche breadth between the two series of habitat gradients is explained both by the species-specific ecology of the species and the human-induced environmental history of Corsica. Large-scale landscape changes provided new opportunities for island colonization by non-forest species, which are isolated as small, ‘fugitive’ local populations. In both gradients, forest species that are typical components of the Corsican bird fauna definitely expanded their niche and occupied a wider range of habitats on Corsica than on the mainland. At the population scale, landscapes included habitat patches with contrasted selection regimes, which resulted in high phenotypic variation for many fitness-related traits. Reduced dispersal of birds on the island resulted in a much higher degree of local differentiation on Corsica than on the mainland.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blondel, Jacques</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On humans and wildlife in Mediterranean islands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Biogeography</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue tit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gene flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">insular syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">local differentiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mass extinction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">niche breadth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenotypic variation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01819.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">509 - 518</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim To investigate the effects of human-induced landscape changes in Mediterranean islands on the ecological and evolutionary responses of bird communities and populations. The combination of mass extinction of large mammals and massive deforestation by humans was hypothesized to produce new selection regimes to which organisms were likely to respond. Habitat selection and niche breadth have been investigated at the scale of species, and phenotypic variation at the scale of local populations. Location The study was carried out along habitat gradients and in habitat mosaics at different spatial scales on the island of Corsica and in areas of similar size and structure in continental France. Methods Two sets of gradients have been used for investigating habitat selection and niche breadth: gradients of altitude, and gradients of vegetation structure. Population studies focused on the blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus. Large samples of breeding attempts by this species in 10 habitats provided detailed data on phenotypic variation of fitness-related traits both on Corsica and on the mainland. Results The extent of niche space used by birds differed substantially depending on which habitat gradient was considered. Many species have been found to contract their habitat niche along the elevation gradient on Corsica compared with the mainland, whereas all species in the vegetation gradient broadened their niche on the island. Breeding patterns of the blue tit differed considerably depending on whether they settle in deciduous oaks (Quercus humilis) or in evergreen sclerophyllous oaks (Quercus ilex). Phenotypic variation of breeding traits was much higher on the island, where more populations were correctly timed for the best breeding period than on the mainland, a pattern that is likely to result from lower dispersal of organisms on the island. Main conclusions The differences in observed niche breadth between the two series of habitat gradients is explained both by the species-specific ecology of the species and the human-induced environmental history of Corsica. Large-scale landscape changes provided new opportunities for island colonization by non-forest species, which are isolated as small, ‘fugitive’ local populations. In both gradients, forest species that are typical components of the Corsican bird fauna definitely expanded their niche and occupied a wider range of habitats on Corsica than on the mainland. At the population scale, landscapes included habitat patches with contrasted selection regimes, which resulted in high phenotypic variation for many fitness-related traits. Reduced dispersal of birds on the island resulted in a much higher degree of local differentiation on Corsica than on the mainland.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GILDELGADO, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BARBA, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BREEDING ECOLOGY OF THE BLUE TIT PARUS-CAERULEUS IN EASTERN SPAIN - A COMPARISON WITH OTHER LOCALITIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CORSICA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ORNIS SCANDINAVICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue tit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">breeding ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nest-boxes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parus cearuleus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession stages</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">444-450</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aspects of the breeding ecology of the Blue Tit Parus caeruleus were studied in intermediate stages of succession in a holm oak forest at Monte Poblet (eastern Spain) from 1985 to 1991. In different years the density in two plots without nest-boxes varied between 1.0 and 6.5 pairs per 10 ha. Nestbox introduction seems to have increased the density of breeding pairs. The mean laying date was earlier (6 vs. 13 May) in low altitude (500-750 m a.s.l.) plots than in a high altitude (900-1000) m a.s.l.) plot, but clutch size (6.9 vs. 6.5 eggs) was not significantly different (mean 6.6 eggs). No differences in mean laying dates were found between years. Significant differences in clutch size were found only between two years at the high altitude site. There was a slight, non-significant, seasonal decline in clutch size. No second clutches were laid. These results are discussed in the context of other Mediterranean studies with special focus on the differences and similarities between Corsican and mainland populations. It is shown that most of the characteristics of the Corsican population (i.e. density, habitat use, laying date, clutch size, number of broods per year) are shared by some populations on the mainland. On the other hand, some breeding traits of Blue Tit populations in southern France are closer to those of Central and North European populations than to the Iberian ones.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>