<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bourgault, Patrice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perret, Philippe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lambrechts, Marcel M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food supplementation in distinct Corsican oak habitats and the timing of egg laying by Blue Tits</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blue tit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food constraints</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food supplementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proximate factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">timing of breeding</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127 - 134</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource constraints may impose physiological limitations on egg production and influence the timing of breeding in seasonally breeding birds. Food-supplementation experiments have demonstrated that food availability may influence the timing of egg laying, but the moderate response of birds in most studies suggests that the effect of food availability may be apparent only under certain ecological conditions. Experiments conducted in habitats that differ in ecological characteristics and natural availability of food sources are, therefore, needed to effectively examine the possible role of habitat-specific physiological constraints on the timing of breeding. We compared the response of Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to supplemental feeding in four oak woodlands that differed in elevation, forest type, and food availability on the island of Corsica. We found that supplemental feeding advanced the date of egg laying (by about 1 week) at only one of four sites; a site dominated by evergreen holm oak where the availability of natural food was likely lower than at the other sites. Our results suggest that the response of Blue Tits to supplemental food depends on the natural level of resource abundance, but, in addition, that the effect of supplemental feeding on the timing of breeding appears to be small compared to the typical and, for our study sites, great (&gt; 1.5 mo) between-population variation in clutch initiation dates. Physiological limitations related to the acquisition of nutrients and energy may exert only a limited effect on the onset of breeding, and behavioral flexibility in the integration of fine-scale environmental signals (e.g., temperature and phenology) that predict future breeding conditions may be more important in explaining variation among populations in the timing of breeding.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonal, Raul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muñoz, Alberto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seed weevils living on the edge: pressures and conflicts over body size in the endoparasitic Curculio larvae</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Entomology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curculio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endoparasitism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food constraints</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">granivorous insects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">host size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">larvae</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.01078.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">304 - 309</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract 1. Body size in parasitic insects can be subjected to contrasting selective pressures, especially if they complete their development within a single host. On the one hand, a larger body size is associated with a higher fitness. On the other hand, the host offers a discrete amount of resources, thus constraining the evolution of a disproportionate body size. 2. The present study used the weevil Curculio elephas as a study model. Larvae develop within a single acorn, feeding on its cotyledons, and larval body size is strongly related to individual fitness. 3. The relationship between larval and acorn size was negatively exponential. Larval growth was constrained in small acorns, which did not provide enough food for the weevils to attain their potential size. Larval size increased and levelled off in acorns over a certain size (inflexion point), in which cotyledons were rarely depleted. When there were more than one larva per acorn, a larger acorn was necessary to avoid food depletion. 4. The results show that C. elephas larvae are sometimes endoparasitic, living on the edge of host holding capacity. If they were smaller they could avoid food depletion more easily, but the fitness benefits linked to a larger size have probably promoted body size increase. The strong negative effects of conspecific competition may have possibly influenced female strategy of laying a single egg per seed. 5. Being larger and fitter, but always within the limits of the available host sizes, may be one main evolutionary dilemma in endoparasites.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record></records></xml>