<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, Carmen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merouani, Hachemi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almeida, Maria Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germination success, survival and seedling vigour of Quercus suber acorns in relation to insect damage</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">insect-attack</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling production</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112701006697</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">166</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159 - 164</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study assesses the effects of damage caused by Curculio elephas Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Cydia splendana Hb. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on mature acorns of cork oak trees, Quercus suber L., in Portugal. The average number of insect-attacked acorns varied between 68, 44 and 17%, in three sites, respectively. Acorns assorted into increasing damage classes had a decreasing acorn dry weight and a faster germination rate. The percentage of germination was very high (&gt;90%) in all classes. Seedlings resulting from more intensely damaged acorns exhibited a slower growth rate and lower dry mass production than seedlings resulting from low damaged acorns.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, Carmen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merouani, Hachemi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almeida, Maria Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germination success, survival and seedling vigour of Quercus suber acorns in relation to insect damage</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">insect-attack</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling production</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">166</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159-164</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study assesses the effects of damage caused by Curculio elephas Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Cydia splendana Hb. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on mature acorns of cork oak trees, Quercus suber L., in Portugal. The average number of insect-attacked acorns varied between 68, 44 and 17%, in three sites, respectively. Acorns assorted into increasing damage classes had a decreasing acorn dry weight and a faster germination rate. The percentage of germination was very high (&gt;90%) in all classes. Seedlings resulting from more intensely damaged acorns exhibited a slower growth rate and lower dry mass production than seedlings resulting from low damaged acorns.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrera, Javier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn predation and seedling production in a low-density population of cork oak (Quercus suber L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling production</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">197-201</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospects for cork oak recruitment were examined in a scrub-dominated area with low tree density in southern Spain by sowing acorns experimentally in a variety of sites. Seeds placed on the ground surface were invariably eaten within a few months by a variety of vertebrate herbivores (cattle, red deer, fallow deer, wild boar and rabbits). Predation reached 100% whether acorns were placed beneath trees or more than 100 m away from trees. Seeds placed under dense heath scrub were also rapidly removed, although their final fates could not be ascertained. Single acorns buried under open or dense scrub experienced the lowest predation (52% and 0%, respectively) and had relatively high emergence rates (38% and 60%, respectively). Heavy shoot browsing occurred in both scrub types, and out of the 49 buried acorns which produced a shoot, only two seedlings were alive 1 year after germination. None survived 2 years after sowing.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>