<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bullitta, Simonetta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dettori, Sandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manchinu, Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filigheddu, Maria Rosaria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piluzza, Giovanna</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of Sardinian cork oak (Quercus suber L.) genetic resources for economically important traits</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA polymorphisms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10722-010-9636-7</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1007 - 1020</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Considering the very high socio economic value of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) in Mediterranean areas, a better knowledge of local genetic resources is necessary in order to reach a good balance between the conservation issues and the need of an efﬁcient cork production network. In such frame, local germplasm of Q. suber from the main cork production areas of Sardinia was analysed for DNA and isozyme polymorphisms and for cork quality in relation to some environmental parameters. A total number of 24 sample stands of cork oak were selected, representing typical vegetation, sylvicultural and cork quality features within the eight identiﬁed cork growing areas in Sardinia. Considerable variation was found between cork oak stands of the different areas. Results of the principal component analysis performed on the cork quality data and environmental characters of the eight areas, showed that the ﬁrst three components explain 72.2% of the variation. The major characters involved in this differentiation were cork quality characters such as dimensional recover, moisture and Mg content of the cork and also elevation of stands m a.s.l. for the ﬁrst component. The second component appears to be determined by some climatic parameters (average annual temperature and average of the minimum temperatures of coldest month) and by the Fe and Zn in the cork. For the third component, major characters involved in differentiation are average annual rainfall, bark thickness and Ca content in the cork.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, Aranzazu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, Juan Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pintos, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camafeita, Emilio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bueno, Ma Angeles</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteomic analysis from haploid and diploid embryos of Quercus suber L. identifies qualitative and quantitative differential expression patterns.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteomics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diploidy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrophoresis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Embryonic Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flow cytometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gametic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haploid and diploid embryos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haploidy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Proteins: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Proteins: biosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Proteins: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant proteomics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ploidies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ploidy level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteomics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteomics: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two-Dimensional</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Up-Regulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4355-4367</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L. is a Mediterranean forest species with ecological, social and economic value. Clonal propagation of Q. suber elite trees has been successfully obtained from in vitro-derived somatic and gametic embryos. These clonal lines play a main role in breeding and genetic studies of Q. suber. To aid in unravelling diverse genetic and biological unknowns, a proteomic approach is proposed. The proteomic analysis of Q. suber somatic and gametic in vitro culture-derived embryos, based on DIGE and MALDI-MS, has produced for the first time proteomic data on this species. Seventeen differentially expressed proteins have been identified which display significantly altered levels between gametic and somatic embryos. These proteins are involved in a variety of cellular processes, most of which had been neither previously associated with embryo development nor identified in the genus Quercus. Some of these proteins are involved in stress and pollen development and others play a role in the metabolism of tannins and phenylpropanoids, which represent two of the major pathways for the synthesis of cork chemical components. Furthermore, the augmented expression levels found for specific proteins are probably related to the homozygous state of a doubled-haploid sample. Proteins involved in synthesis of cork components can be detected at such early stages of development, showing the potential of the method to be useful in searching for biomarkers related to cork quality.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19662628</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesías, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ledesma, a Rodriguez De</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep farms in the Spanish rangelands (dehesas): Typologies according to livestock management and economic indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small Ruminant Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farm typology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technical and economic management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921448807000971</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52 - 63</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forty-six dehesa sheep farms of Extremadura (SW Spain) were analyzed on the basis of previously determined technical and economic indicators. A principal component analysis gave ﬁve principal components – related to intensiﬁcation, proﬁtability, and livestock mix – that characterized the farms. Using multivariate techniques based on these factors, a farm typology was established with six categories—three of sheep alone at different levels of intensiﬁcation, and three of sheep in combination with beef cattle or Iberian pig. This typology enabled homogeneous groups of farms to be considered for possible administrative actions relating to their optimal dimensions and stocking rates</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesías, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ledesma, a. Rodriguez De</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep farms in the Spanish rangelands (dehesas): Typologies according to livestock management and economic indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small Ruminant Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farm typology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technical and economic management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52-63</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forty-six dehesa sheep farms of Extremadura (SW Spain) were analyzed on the basis of previously determined technical and economic indicators. A principal component analysis gave ﬁve principal components – related to intensiﬁcation, proﬁtability, and livestock mix – that characterized the farms. Using multivariate techniques based on these factors, a farm typology was established with six categories—three of sheep alone at different levels of intensiﬁcation, and three of sheep in combination with beef cattle or Iberian pig. This typology enabled homogeneous groups of farms to be considered for possible administrative actions relating to their optimal dimensions and stocking rates</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesías, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez de Ledesma, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic and management characterization of dehesa farms: implications for their sustainability</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farm typology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livestock farming systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rangeland management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151-162</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa agroforestry systems occupy around 6 million ha in the Iberian Peninsula. Their economic and environmental sustainability depends on the maintenance of the extensive livestock farms which created this typical ecosystem. This work analyzes dehesa farms in the Extremadura region (SW Spain) using technical and economic indicators of 69 randomly selected holdings. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed us to establish a valid model explaining 65.8% of the variance. The two principal components having most weight were Iberian pig production (explaining 20% of the variance of the model), and which ruminant species were raised on the farm (15% of the variance). A cluster analysis distinguished ﬁve types of farms: sheep farms at high and low stocking rates, beef cattle farms, wooded farms with mixed livestock, and farms with a high level of cropping activity. The most proﬁtable farms were those with either high overall livestock density or a high level of Iberian pig production. While high stocking density has historically attracted high levels of subsidy, production of Iberian pigs was proﬁtable because of the high value of the product. In the light of CAP reform, Iberian pig production seems the most readily sustainable type of farming for the dehesa system.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesías, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez de Ledesma, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic and management characterization of dehesa farms: implications for their sustainability</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farm typology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livestock farming systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rangeland management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-007-9081-6</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151 - 162</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa agroforestry systems occupy around 6 million ha in the Iberian Peninsula. Their economic and environmental sustainability depends on the maintenance of the extensive livestock farms which created this typical ecosystem. This work analyzes dehesa farms in the Extremadura region (SW Spain) using technical and economic indicators of 69 randomly selected holdings. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed us to establish a valid model explaining 65.8% of the variance. The two principal components having most weight were Iberian pig production (explaining 20% of the variance of the model), and which ruminant species were raised on the farm (15% of the variance). A cluster analysis distinguished ﬁve types of farms: sheep farms at high and low stocking rates, beef cattle farms, wooded farms with mixed livestock, and farms with a high level of cropping activity. The most proﬁtable farms were those with either high overall livestock density or a high level of Iberian pig production. While high stocking density has historically attracted high levels of subsidy, production of Iberian pigs was proﬁtable because of the high value of the product. In the light of CAP reform, Iberian pig production seems the most readily sustainable type of farming for the dehesa system.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira-Dias, Suzana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valente, Dina G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abreu, José M.F. F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pattern recognition of acorns from different Quercus species based on oil content and fatty acid profile</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasas y Aceites</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discriminant analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">384-391</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was (i) to characterize different species of Quercus genus and (ii) to discriminate among them on the basis of the content and fatty acid composition of the oil in their fruits and/or their morphological aspects via pattern recognition techniques (Principal Component Analysis, PCA, Cluster Analysis, CA, and Discriminant Analysis, DA). Quercus rotundifolia Lam., Quercus suber L. and Quercus pyrenaica Willd., grown in the same stand in the centre of Portugal, were investigated. When oil content and respective fatty acid composition were used to characterize samples, well-separated groups corresponding to each of the species were observed by PCA and confirmed by CA and DA. The ‘‘width’’ and ‘‘length’’ of acorns exhibited a low discriminant power. Acorns from Q. rotundifolia showed the highest average oil content followed by Q. suber and Q. pyrenaica acorns (9.1, 5.2 and 3.8%, respectively). Fatty acid profiles of Q. rotundifolia and Q. suber oils are similar to olive oil while the oil from Q. pyrenaica acorns is more unsaturated</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira-Dias, Suzana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valente, Dina G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abreu, José M. F. F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pattern recognition of acorns from different Quercus species based on oil content and fatty acid profile</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasas y Aceites</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discriminant analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/224/224</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">384 - 391</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study was (i) to characterize different species of Quercus genus and (ii) to discriminate among them on the basis of the content and fatty acid composition of the oil in their fruits and/or their morphological aspects via pattern recognition techniques (Principal Component Analysis, PCA, Cluster Analysis, CA, and Discriminant Analysis, DA). Quercus rotundifolia Lam., Quercus suber L. and Quercus pyrenaica Willd., grown in the same stand in the centre of Portugal, were investigated. When oil content and respective fatty acid composition were used to characterize samples, well-separated groups corresponding to each of the species were observed by PCA and confirmed by CA and DA. The ‘‘width’’ and ‘‘length’’ of acorns exhibited a low discriminant power. Acorns from Q. rotundifolia showed the highest average oil content followed by Q. suber and Q. pyrenaica acorns (9.1, 5.2 and 3.8%, respectively). Fatty acid profiles of Q. rotundifolia and Q. suber oils are similar to olive oil while the oil from Q. pyrenaica acorns is more unsaturated</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gavilán, Rosario G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of climatic parameters and indices in vegetation distribution. A case study in the Spanish Sistema Central.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International journal of biometeorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic indices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multivariate analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytoclimatology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weather</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111-120</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, over 100 phytoclimatic indices and other climatic parameters were calculated using the climatic data from 260 meteorological stations in a Mediterranean territory located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. The nature of these indices was very different; some of them expressed general climatic features (e.g. continentality), while others were formulated for different Mediterranean territories and included particular limits of those indices that expressed differences in vegetation distribution. We wanted to know whether all of these indices were able to explain changes in vegetation on a spatial scale, and whether their boundaries worked similarly to the original territory. As they were so numerous, we investigated whether any of them were redundant. To relate vegetation to climate parameters we preferred to use its hierarchical nature, in discrete units (characterized by one or more dominant or co-dominant species), although it is known to vary continuously. These units give clearer results in this kind of phytoclimatic study. We have therefore used the main communities that represent natural potential vegetation. Multivariate and estimative analyses were used as statistical methods. The classification showed different levels of correlation among climatic parameters, but all of them were over 0.5. One hundred and eleven parameters were grouped into five larger groups: temperature (T), annual pluviothermic indices (PTY), summer pluviothermic indices (SPT), winter potential evapotranspiration (WPET) and thermal continentality indices (K). The remaining parameters showed low correlations with these five groups; some of them revealed obvious spatial changes in vegetation, such as summer hydric parameters that were zero in most vegetation types but not in high mountain vegetation. Others showed no clear results. For example, the Kerner index, an index of thermal continentality, showed lower values than expected for certain particular types of vegetation. Parameters relating to the water balance turned out to be very discriminative for separating vegetation types according to the season or the month when water begins to be scarce. Thus, water availability in soils is a limiting factor for the development of vegetation in spring or autumn as well as in summer. As expected, precipitation and temperature discriminated the altitudinal levels of vegetation. Finally, these index limits only worked in the territories where they were formulated, or in nearby areas.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15997399</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gavilán, Rosario G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of climatic parameters and indices in vegetation distribution. A case study in the Spanish Sistema Central.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International journal of biometeorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic indices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multivariate analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytoclimatology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weather</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15997399</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111 - 120</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, over 100 phytoclimatic indices and other climatic parameters were calculated using the climatic data from 260 meteorological stations in a Mediterranean territory located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. The nature of these indices was very different; some of them expressed general climatic features (e.g. continentality), while others were formulated for different Mediterranean territories and included particular limits of those indices that expressed differences in vegetation distribution. We wanted to know whether all of these indices were able to explain changes in vegetation on a spatial scale, and whether their boundaries worked similarly to the original territory. As they were so numerous, we investigated whether any of them were redundant. To relate vegetation to climate parameters we preferred to use its hierarchical nature, in discrete units (characterized by one or more dominant or co-dominant species), although it is known to vary continuously. These units give clearer results in this kind of phytoclimatic study. We have therefore used the main communities that represent natural potential vegetation. Multivariate and estimative analyses were used as statistical methods. The classification showed different levels of correlation among climatic parameters, but all of them were over 0.5. One hundred and eleven parameters were grouped into five larger groups: temperature (T), annual pluviothermic indices (PTY), summer pluviothermic indices (SPT), winter potential evapotranspiration (WPET) and thermal continentality indices (K). The remaining parameters showed low correlations with these five groups; some of them revealed obvious spatial changes in vegetation, such as summer hydric parameters that were zero in most vegetation types but not in high mountain vegetation. Others showed no clear results. For example, the Kerner index, an index of thermal continentality, showed lower values than expected for certain particular types of vegetation. Parameters relating to the water balance turned out to be very discriminative for separating vegetation types according to the season or the month when water begins to be scarce. Thus, water availability in soils is a limiting factor for the development of vegetation in spring or autumn as well as in summer. As expected, precipitation and temperature discriminated the altitudinal levels of vegetation. Finally, these index limits only worked in the territories where they were formulated, or in nearby areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 15997399</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorens, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aranda, X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abadia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleck, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variations in Quercus ilex chloroplast pigment content during summer stress: involvement in photoprotection according to principal component analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-epoxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lutein-5</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoprotection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81 - 88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We examined chloroplast pigment variation in holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) leaves for two periods under two climatic conditions, at midday during summer. We compared variation between control (unburned) plants and plants burned the preceding summer, since post-fire resprouts show higher photosynthetic rates and lower thermal energy dissipation. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on nine pigment-content variables for the two periods separately. Two PC factors (PC1 and PC2) explained 83 and 84% of the variance of the data for each period. In both periods, PC 1 was marked by positive loading of pigments associated with light absorption or structural function namely neoxanthin, lutein, beta-carotene, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. These pigments were only affected by leaf age. In contrast, PC2 was marked by high loadings of xanthophyll-cycle pigments (associated with photoprotection), and lutein-5,6-epoxide. Leaf content of these pigments was affected by climatic conditions. In the situations considered in PC analysis (leaf types, periods), the lutein-5,6-epoxide content presented a variation pattern similar to that of violaxanthin, and was significantly correlated with thermal dissipation of excess energy (represented by non-photochemical quenching or NPQ). These results suggest a relationship of lutein and lutein-5,6-epoxide with photoprotection.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: C S I R O PUBLISHING</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gavilán, R G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-González, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blasi, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climatic classification and ordination of the Spanish Sistema Central: relationships with potential vegetation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cluster analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">potential vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-11</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature records from 255 meteorological stations in Central Spain (Spanish Sistema Central) were analyzed by cluster and principal component analyses. Classiﬁcation separated 14 groups according to altitude, geographical distribution, as well as the combination of rainfall and temperature. The ﬁrst cluster emerged as signiﬁcantly higher and colder than the second. Then, two ordinations were carried out: one for the 14 groups extracted from the classiﬁcation and a second for the total station pool. The second ordination was compared with potential natural vegetation data taken around each station. The ﬁrst ordination summarized the principal climatic characteristics of the Spanish Sistema Central: its behaviour is that of a typical Mediterranean mountainous territory combining summer aridity and variation of temperature with altitude and the inﬂuence of winter winds. The ordination of all stations reﬂected a thermal, rainfall and summer aridity gradient. Meteorological stations situated at the highest altitude or with highest precipitation records characterized by scrub communities or pine woods and Quercus pyrenaica forests, appeared well-separated along the ﬁrst two axes. Only the most thermophilous Q. rotundifolia associations could be clearly separated. The fourth axis was useful in clarifying some vegetation overlap of deciduous and sclerophyllous forests, along an east-west summer aridity gradient.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retuerto, Ruben</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carballeira, Alejo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Use of direct gradient analysis to study the climate-vegetation relationships in Galicia, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic position</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clustering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frequential analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">indicator value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytoclimatology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principal component analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-194</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper reports a bioclimatic analysis of plant species in Galicia, NW Spain. A set of floristic data obtained from 150 plots located at euclimatopes (sites with monitored climate) was analysed using di- rect gradient analysis and clustering with respect to the 8 climatic variables thought to play a major role in regulating the distribution of the species considered in the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering were based on a matrix of species by climatic variables. Indicator taxa for the variables were identified on the basis of their Indicator values (Brisse &amp; Grandjouan 1978) and grouped by cluster analysis. The groups produced were compatible with the results of principal com- ponent analyis and the frequential analysis of the species, which identified their phytoclimatic nature. The groups were then characterized by determining their climatic positions and indicator values with respect to the chief climatic variables. The first three PCA axes, which were associated with Oceanity, Mean minimum temperatures and the temperature range in the coldest month, together accounted for 97.2 ~o of the variance of the data.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>