<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cancelo-González, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rial-Rivas, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Fierros, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of fire on cation content in water: a laboratory simulation study</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire intensity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient fluxes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water quality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF12178</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the effect of thermal shocks (as occur during fire) and simulated rainfall events on cation leaching dynamics in an organic rich Leptic Umbrisol soil. The soil samples were collected in the field using specially designed lysimeter boxes that allow sampling and application of thermal shock treatments and simulated rainfall while keeping the soil structure unaltered. The soil temperature during the thermal shocks and degree-hours of accumulated heat were determined, and cation (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) leaching was measured in surface runoff (0-cm depth) and subsurface flow (12-cm depth) samples collected from the lysimeter boxes. Important differences were found in cation leaching in relation to thermal shock: monovalent cation leaching from the soil above 200°C (68 degree-hours) and divalent cations leaching above 220°C (195 degree-hours) was higher than that seen in other treatments. In general, the amount of cations leached increased with the severity of the thermal shock; however, under moderate conditions, there was a decrease in cation leaching, mainly of monovalent ions. The exchangeable cation losses by leaching in the intense heat treatments were ~80%.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;secondary-title: International Journal of Wildland Fire&lt;br/&gt;periodical: International Journal of Wildland Fire&lt;br/&gt;pages: 667-680&lt;br/&gt;volume: 22&lt;br/&gt;issue: 5</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdà, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, Susanne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUNOFF PRODUCTION AND EROSION PROCESSES ON A DEHESA IN WESTERN SPAIN*</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographical Review</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">runoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2002.tb00147.x/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">333 - 353</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Runoff generation and soil erosion were investigated at the Guadalperal6n ex- perimental watershed (western Spain), within the land-use system known as dehesa, or open, managed evergreen forests. Season and type of surface were found to control runoff and soil- loss rates. Five soil units were selected as representative of surface types found in the study area: hillslope grass, bottom grass, tree cover, sheep trails, and shrub cover. Measurements were made in various conditions with simulated rainfall to gain an idea of the annual varia- tion in runoff and soil loss. Important seasonal differences were noted due to surface cover and moisture content of soil, but erosion rates were determined primarily by runoff. Surfaces covered with grass and shrubs always showed less erosion; surfaces covered with holm oaks showed higher runoff rates, due to the hydrophobic character of the soils. Concentrations of runoff sediment during the siniulations confirmed that erosion rates at the study site de- pended directly on the sediment available on the soil surface</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos Barbancho, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shanabel, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdá, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estudio de la variabilidad temporal y espacial de la pérdida de suelo en la dehesa (Extremadura, SO España) mediante lluvia simulada</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographicalia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">runoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Season</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sediment concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil loss</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The inain objective of this paper is to study the influence of the seasonal variability of tlze antecedent conditions in soil losses in a dehesa ecosystem, as well as an approach to its spatial variability. The experimental layout includes forty rainfall simulation experiments carried out in two different situa- tions: first on dry conditions, with degraded vegetation, and, second on wet con- ditions, with an important vegetation cover. The results indicate that the highest sediiilent concentrations are located in situations with bare soils, due to the effect of the drought and the soil remo- ved by grazing animals. The control of the process depends more to tlie sediment available on the soil surface than to the runoff transport capacity. From an spatial point of view, it liighlights the contrast between tlie low los- ses registered in the valley bottoms and the highest values measured in tlie areas more frequented by the livestock, where the degradation of the vege- tation cover and the removal of tlie soil material are continuous. Finally, although the rate of soil loss in the dehesa is low, it is important froin a qua- litative point of view because it affects to the inost fertile horizon in the soil profile</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos Barbancho, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shanabel, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdà, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estudio de la variabilidad temporal y espacial de la pérdida de suelo en la dehesa (Extremadura, SO España) mediante lluvia simulada</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographicalia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">runoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Season</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sediment concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil loss</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=257338</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19 - 36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The inain objective of this paper is to study the influence of the seasonal variability of tlze antecedent conditions in soil losses in a dehesa ecosystem, as well as an approach to its spatial variability. The experimental layout includes forty rainfall simulation experiments carried out in two different situa- tions: first on dry conditions, with degraded vegetation, and, second on wet con- ditions, with an important vegetation cover. The results indicate that the highest sediiilent concentrations are located in situations with bare soils, due to the effect of the drought and the soil remo- ved by grazing animals. The control of the process depends more to tlie sediment available on the soil surface than to the runoff transport capacity. From an spatial point of view, it liighlights the contrast between tlie low los- ses registered in the valley bottoms and the highest values measured in tlie areas more frequented by the livestock, where the degradation of the vege- tation cover and the removal of tlie soil material are continuous. Finally, although the rate of soil loss in the dehesa is low, it is important froin a qua- litative point of view because it affects to the inost fertile horizon in the soil profile</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdà, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil hydrological response under simulated rainfall in the Dehesa land system (Extremadura, SW Spain) under drought conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrophobicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil hydrology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199803)23:3&lt;195::AID-ESP830&gt;3.0.CO;2-I/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195 - 209</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil hydrology was investigated in the Guadelperalón experimental watershed in order to determine the inﬂuence of land use and vegetation cover on runoff and inﬁltration within the Dehesa land system. Five soil–vegetation units were selected: (1) tree cover, (2) sheep trials, (3) shrub cover, (4) hillslope grass and (5) bottom grass. The results of the simulated rainfall experiments performed at an intensity of 53·6mm h −1 during one hour on plots of 0·25m 2 , and the water drop penetration time test indicate the importance of water repellency in the Dehesa land system under drought conditions. Low inﬁltration rates (c. 9–44mm h −1 ) were found everywhere except at shrub sites and in areas with low grazing pressure. Soil water repellency greatly reduced inﬁltration, especially beneath Quercus ilex canopies, where fast ponding and greater runoff rates were observed. The low vegetation cover as a consequence of a prolonged drought and grazing pressure, in conjunction with the soil water repellency, induces high runoff rates (15–70 per cent). In spite of this, macropore ﬂuxes were found in different locations, beneath trees, on shrub-covered surfaces, as well as at sites with a dominance of herbaceous cover. Discontinuity of the runoff ﬂuxes due to variations in hydrophobicity causes preferential ﬂows and as a consequence deeper inﬁltration, especially where macropores are developed</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdá, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil hydrological response under simulated rainfall in the Dehesa land system (Extremadura, SW Spain) under drought conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrophobicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil hydrology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-209</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil hydrology was investigated in the Guadelperalón experimental watershed in order to determine the inﬂuence of land use and vegetation cover on runoff and inﬁltration within the Dehesa land system. Five soil–vegetation units were selected: (1) tree cover, (2) sheep trials, (3) shrub cover, (4) hillslope grass and (5) bottom grass. The results of the simulated rainfall experiments performed at an intensity of 53·6mm h −1 during one hour on plots of 0·25m 2 , and the water drop penetration time test indicate the importance of water repellency in the Dehesa land system under drought conditions. Low inﬁltration rates (c. 9–44mm h −1 ) were found everywhere except at shrub sites and in areas with low grazing pressure. Soil water repellency greatly reduced inﬁltration, especially beneath Quercus ilex canopies, where fast ponding and greater runoff rates were observed. The low vegetation cover as a consequence of a prolonged drought and grazing pressure, in conjunction with the soil water repellency, induces high runoff rates (15–70 per cent). In spite of this, macropore ﬂuxes were found in different locations, beneath trees, on shrub-covered surfaces, as well as at sites with a dominance of herbaceous cover. Discontinuity of the runoff ﬂuxes due to variations in hydrophobicity causes preferential ﬂows and as a consequence deeper inﬁltration, especially where macropores are developed</style></abstract></record></records></xml>