<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caldeira, Maria C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibáñez, Inés</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nogueira, Carla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecomte, Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Andreia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct and indirect effects of tree canopy facilitation in the recruitment of Mediterranean oaks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herb management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high temperatures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">positive interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree recruitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12189</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a - n/a</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">* Tree recruitment in Mediterranean ecosystems is strongly limited at the seedling stage by drought. Increasing evidence shows the critical positive role of the canopy nurse effect on seedling survival which results from direct and indirect, positive and negative interactions between species. * Most studies, however, have only focused on the effects of tree canopy on water and light, ignoring other critical factors affecting seedling regeneration, such as canopy effects on high temperatures and the competing herb biomass. * Here, we evaluate how tree canopy cover and removal of herbs affect the survival and growth of seedlings of two dominant Mediterranean Quercus species during a 3-year study. We use an integrated model that combines several data sets to quantify and predict regeneration dynamics along environmental gradients of soil moisture, temperature and light. * Low soil moisture, increased soil temperature and herb biomass negatively affected seedling survival of both Quercus species. Seedling growth was positively associated with increasing soil moisture and light. * Although tree canopy cover directly facilitated seedling survival in both Quercus species, it also negatively affected herb biomass and thus indirectly facilitated the survival of Quercus suber, but not of Quercus ilex seedlings at low levels of soil moisture. * Overall, tree canopies increased seedling survival but not growth during the establishment phase, mainly by ameliorating the effects of low soil moisture and high temperatures. Tree canopy indirectly facilitated survival of Q. suber seedlings by negatively affecting the competing herb layer. * Synthesis and applications. To improve tree recruitment and conserve Mediterranean Quercus woodlands, the removal of herbs should be integrated into management plans for dry habitats. Interactions between abiotic and biotic factors may also effect the regeneration of these tree species. In particular, a healthy tree canopy will become important for providing conditions to facilitate seedling establishment if these habitats become drier and warmer, as predicted by some climate change scenarios.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASENSIO, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUNNÉ-BOSCH, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linking isoprene with plant thermotolerance, antioxidants and monoterpene emissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant, Cell &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ascorbic acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fumigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fv/Fm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high temperatures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthetic rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermotolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">zeaxanthin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-tocopherol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">β-carotene</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01250.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">278 - 286</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of the present study was to test the possible plant thermotolerance role of isoprene and to study its relationship with non-enzymatic antioxidants and terpene emissions. The gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, extent of photo- and oxidative stress, leaf damage, mechanisms of photo- and antioxidant protection, and terpene emission were measured in leaves of Quercus ilex seedlings exposed to a ramp of temperatures of 5 °C steps from 25 to 50 °C growing with and without isoprene (10 µL L−1) fumigation. The results showed that isoprene actually conferred thermotolerance (shifted the decrease of net photosynthetic rates from 35 to 45 °C, increased Fv/Fm at 50 °C from 0.38 to 0.65, and decreased the leaf area damaged from 27 to 15%), that it precluded or delayed the enhancement of the antioxidant non-enzymatic defence conferred by α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid or β-carotene consumption in response to increasing temperatures, and that it decreased by approximately 70% the emissions of monoterpenes at the highest temperatures. This suggests that there are inducible mechanisms triggered by the initial stages of thermal damage that up-regulate these antioxidant compounds at high temperatures and that these mechanisms are somehow suppressed in the presence of exogenous isoprene, which seems to already exert an antioxidant-like behaviour.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Science Ltd</style></notes></record></records></xml>