<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Sampaio e Paiva Camilo-Alves, Constança</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clara, MariaIvoneEsteves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almeida Ribeiro, NunoManuelCabral</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decline of Mediterranean oak trees and its association with Phytophthora cinnamomi: a review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pathogenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree decline</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-013-0688-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">411 - 432</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mortality events in cork and holm oaks have occurred in the Mediterranean basin since the beginning of the XX century, but severity of decline increased during the 1980s. By that time, the exotic soil borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi was often recovered from declining stands and since then it has been considered the main factor associated with decline. This work analyses data concerning P. cinnamomi surveys in cork and holm oaks trees, pathogenicity tests carried out in controlled experiments, studies about the influence of site characteristics in tree decline and approaches to control the disease. Results of field surveys showed that the pathogen is widespread and pathogenicity tests suggested that host susceptibility to the pathogen is moderate when seedlings are in appropriate watering conditions, particularly cork oaks. Occurrence of decline is also associated with soil characteristics that interfere with root expansion and water retention. We assessed the relative importance of each factor involved in decline and revised the role of P. cinnamomi in cork and holm oak decline.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Springer-Verlag</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibbons, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindenmayer, D. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manning, a D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weinberg, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seddon, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryan, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barrett, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The future of scattered trees in agricultural landscapes.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agricultural-landscape trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management of scattered trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paddock trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scattered- tree ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">set-aside forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree patches</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18680500</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1309 - 1319</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mature trees scattered throughout agricultural landscapes are critical habitat for some biota and provide a range of ecosystem services. These trees are declining in intensively managed agricultural landscapes globally. We developed a simulation model to predict the rates at which these trees are declining, identified the key variables that can be manipulated to mitigate this decline, and compared alternative management proposals. We used the initial numbers of trees in the stand, the predicted ages of these trees, their rate of growth, the number of recruits established, the frequency of recruitment, and the rate of tree mortality to simulate the dynamics of scattered trees in agricultural landscapes. We applied this simulation model to case studies from Spain, United States, Australia, and Costa Rica. We predicted that mature trees would be lost from these landscapes in 90-180 years under current management. Existing management recommendations for these landscapes--which focus on increasing recruitment--would not reverse this trend. The loss of scattered mature trees was most sensitive to tree mortality, stand age, number of recruits, and frequency of recruitment. We predicted that perpetuating mature trees in agricultural landscapes at or above existing densities requires a strategy that keeps mortality among established trees below around 0.5% per year, recruits new trees at a rate that is higher than the number of existing trees, and recruits new trees at a frequency in years equivalent to around 15% of the maximum life expectancy of trees. Numbers of mature trees in landscapes represented by the case studies will decline before they increase, even if strategies of this type are implemented immediately. This decline will be greater if a management response is delayed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 18680500</style></notes></record></records></xml>