<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Padilla, Francisco M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miranda, Juan de Dios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortega, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hervás, Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, Joaquín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pugnaire, Francisco I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Does shelter enhance early seedling survival in dry environments? A test with eight Mediterranean species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arid environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree shelters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woody seedlings</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31-39</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: Do solid-walled polyethylene tubes and mesh fabric tubes improve the short-term survival of eight Mediterranean tree and shrub species often used in the restoration of arid environments? Location: We conducted two experimental plantations in degraded field sites in the province of Almería (SE Spain), under arid Mediterranean conditions. Methods: One-year-old seedlings of Ceratonia siliqua, Juniperus phoenicea, Olea europaea, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Quercus coccifera, Quercus ilex and Tetraclinis articulata were planted either sheltered by one of the above shelter tubes, or by being left unsheltered. Survival was recorded the first growing season after planting, which was a very dry season. Results: Overall, seedling survival ranged from as little as 0% to 24%, and tree shelters consistently enhanced survival in Quercus species only, ranging from 16% in walled shelters to 8% in mesh shelters. Shelters failed to boost survival in the six remaining species. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both walled and mesh shelters were mostly ineffective at increasing seedling survival for the Mediterranean species used in this experiment; these species coincide with those used in restoration programs. The use of shelters in restoration programs conducted in arid environments should be reconsidered, while walled shelters might be advisable for Mediterranean Quercus species only. Further research is necessary to develop and assess improved types of shelters for arid environments.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, A. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomé, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tavares, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nunes, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of individual tree shelters in growth and morphology of cork oak seedlings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCIENTIA gerundensis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acclimation to shade</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat tolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree shelters</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Scientia/article/viewArticle/45478/0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91 - 98</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To study the effects of the tree shelters in growth and morphology of cork oak ( Quercus suber L.) seedlings two types of plastic shelters were used in this work: A, transparent PVC shelters (brown) reinforced withawhitepolyesternet, 75 cmofheight; B, translucentbrownpolypropilene, double w$led, square cross section and 120 cm of height. The plants were grown in 120 cm long tubes in Evora, Portugal and growth of sheltered and control plants was evaluated based upon measurements of height, branch lenght, number and area of leaves and biomass. Additionally the anatomy and morphology and heat tolerance of leaves of sheltered andcontrolplants was studied. The results sbow that prowth in beight was stimulated by shelters. The amount of branches was greater in seedlings with shelters seedlings in shelters B were not significant. The shootíroot ratio was higher in sheltered plants than in controls because of the above-ground biomass increased in the former whereas root biomass remained unchanged. Foliage developed inside the shelters showed characteristics of acclimation to shade and were less tolerant to heat being killed at lower temperatures than those of unsheltered controls. A than in controls but the differences between the latter and</style></abstract></record></records></xml>