<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasset, Laurent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rovira, Pere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amblès, André</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TMAH-preparative thermochemolysis for the characterization of organic matter in densimetric fractions of a Mediterranean forest soil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbohydrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density fractionation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fatty acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lignin subunits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermochemolysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">435-441</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical protection is one of the most important ways for stabilization of organic carbon in soils, and in order to properly manage soils as a sink for carbon, it is necessary to know how much organic carbon a given soil could protect and to have information on the molecular composition of this protected organic matter in soil. To this end, we studied individual horizons taken from a soil proﬁle under Quercus rotundifolia stands over calcareous parent material. Horizons were subjected to a sequential extraction using solutions of sodium polytungstate (NaPT) of increasing density (1.6, 1.8 and 2.0) to differentiate ﬁve fractions: a free light, extractable without sonication, three occluded (extractable by sonication) and a dense (retained in the dense residue, after sonication). The obtained fractions were analyzed by preparative thermochemolysis followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in order to get some insight on the molecular composition. The total ion chromatograms obtained for the pyrolysates of both of the densimetric fractions show various series of fatty acids (as their methyl esters), n-alkanols (as their methyl ethers), methylated a,v-diacids, methylated v-hydroxyacids, various lignous subunits and permethylated deoxy aldonic acids derived from carbohydrates. The comparison of the distributions of the thermochemolysis products shows that organic carbon in the dense fractions of the deepest horizons were more inﬂuenced by a microbial reworking than the others dense fractions from the upper horizons. It is also the case for the occluded fraction 1 of the H horizon even the vegetal part of the organic carbon in that occluded fraction appears to have a non-woody origin. On the other hand, the dense fraction of the H horizon is strongly marked by vegetal origin.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delafuente, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martinezcastro, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruizmatute, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile and carbohydrate composition of rare unifloral honeys from Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbohydrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gc</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">honey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyalcohols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">volatile compounds</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308814607002920</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84 - 93</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile composition and carbohydrate content of Spanish honey samples from uncommon botanical origins have been studied by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. About 100 volatile compounds were identiﬁed; some of them appeared to be characteristic of particular honey types, such as methyl salycilate in willow (Salix spp.), 2,6,6-trimethyl-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one (eucarvone) in almond tree (Prunus dulcis) and isophorone in strawberry-tree (Arbutus unedo). Concentration ranges for major carbohydrates were similar to those previously reported in other honeys with diﬀerent botanical origins, although concentrations of maltulose in avocado honeys (Persea americana) and of melezitose in Quercus ilex honeys were higher. Some carbohydrate alcohols could also be considered as markers of honey botanical origin, such as quercitol for Q. ilex and perseitol for avocado.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerasoli, Sofia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maillard, Pascale</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scartazza, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brugnoli, Enrico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, Maria Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João Santos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erasolia, Sofia C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aillardc, Pascale M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cartazzad, Andrea S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugnolid, Enrico B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havesa, Maria Manuela C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ereiraa, João Santos P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon and nitrogen winter storage and remobilisation during seasonal flush growth in two-year-old cork oak (Quercus suber L.) saplings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13C labeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15N labeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbohydrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">remobilisation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">721-729</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A dual long-term 13C and 15N labeling was used to assess the contribution of winter assimilated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) for the spring growth flush of two-year-old cork oak plants. Changes in concentrations and partitioning of winter assimilated C and N, total C and N, and total-non-structural carbohydrates were followed from January to August in the various plant parts (first year and second year leaves, stem, branches, coarse and fine roots). No loss of winter C and N was observed with time suggesting that winter assimilates are retained within the plant and contribute to storage. A strong mobilisation of C and N was demonstrated from first year leaves and fine roots during the spring growth flush. Leaves from the second year and, to lesser extent, branches acted as sinks for winter C and N. At the beginning of the new leaf growth, a significant decrease in starch concentration occurred in first year leaves. In August, before leaf fall we observed also a mobilisation from first year to second year leaves, of N assimilated after labeling. We conclude that under these experimental conditions, both winter and current C and N were used for the spring growth flush of the cork oak plants. The foliage grown during the previous year was a source of winter and recently assimilated N and a source of C from recent assimilates for the new growth in the spring.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerasoli, Sofia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maillard, Pascale</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scartazza, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brugnoli, Enrico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, Maria Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João Santos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erasolia, Sofia C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aillardc, Pascale M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cartazzad, Andrea S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugnolid, Enrico B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havesa, Maria Manuela C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ereiraa, João Santos P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon and nitrogen winter storage and remobilisation during seasonal flush growth in two-year-old cork oak (Quercus suber L.) saplings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13C labeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15N labeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbohydrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">remobilisation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2004058http://www.afs-journal.org/articles/forest/abs/2004/07/F4037/F4037.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">721 - 729</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A dual long-term 13C and 15N labeling was used to assess the contribution of winter assimilated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) for the spring growth flush of two-year-old cork oak plants. Changes in concentrations and partitioning of winter assimilated C and N, total C and N, and total-non-structural carbohydrates were followed from January to August in the various plant parts (first year and second year leaves, stem, branches, coarse and fine roots). No loss of winter C and N was observed with time suggesting that winter assimilates are retained within the plant and contribute to storage. A strong mobilisation of C and N was demonstrated from first year leaves and fine roots during the spring growth flush. Leaves from the second year and, to lesser extent, branches acted as sinks for winter C and N. At the beginning of the new leaf growth, a significant decrease in starch concentration occurred in first year leaves. In August, before leaf fall we observed also a mobilisation from first year to second year leaves, of N assimilated after labeling. We conclude that under these experimental conditions, both winter and current C and N were used for the spring growth flush of the cork oak plants. The foliage grown during the previous year was a source of winter and recently assimilated N and a source of C from recent assimilates for the new growth in the spring.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Körner, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, Francesco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long term effects of naturally elevated CO 2 on mediterranean grassland and forest trees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbohydrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural-co2 springs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">343-351</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the carbon supply status in species-rich mediterranean plant communities growing in a bowl-shaped 1-ha &quot;CO2 spring&quot; area near Sienna, Italy. A geothermic &quot;lime-kiln&quot; has provided these communities, for as long as historical records are avail- able, with pure CO2 that mixes with ambient air at canopy level to daytime means of 500-1000 ppm CO2. Immediately outside the spring area similar plant com- munities are growing on similar substrate, and in the same climate, but under ca. 355 ppm CO2. We found no evidence that plants in the CO2 spring area grow faster, flower earlier or become larger. However, we found very large differences in tissue quality among the 40 species studied inside and outside the spring area. Depending on weather conditions, the mean concentra- tion of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC, sugars and starch) in leaves of herbaceous plants was 38-47% higher in the spring area. Fast growing ruderals growing on garden soil inside and outside the spring area show the same response. Among trees, leaves of the deciduous Quercus pubscens contain twice as much TNC inside as outside the vent area, whereas evergreen Q. ilex leaves show no significant difference. TNC levels in branch wood paralleled leaf values. TNC in shade leaves was also higher. Elevated CO2 had no effect on the sugar fraction, therefore differences in TNC are due to starch accumulation. Leaf nitrogen concentration decreases under elevated CO2. These observations suggest that the commonly reported TNC accumulation and N depletion in leaves growing under elevated CO2 are not restricted to the artificial condi- tions of short-term COz enrichment experiments but persist over very long periods. Such an alteration of tissue composition can be expected to occur in other plant communities also if atmospheric COz levels con- tinue to rise. Effects on food webs and nutrient cycling are likely</style></abstract></record></records></xml>