<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liñán, Juana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cantos, Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Troncoso, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, José L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Troncoso, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Some propagation methods for cloning holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) plants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central European Journal of Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in vitro</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rooting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed germination</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.2478/s11535-011-0007-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">359 - 364</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), a typical evergreen tree of the Mediterranean area, is very important due to its ecological and economical values. Propagation of this species is extremely difficult and traditionally carried out only by seed germination. In this work, mature acorns were germinated in vitro and in peat substrate in aseptic and non-aseptic conditions. Explants from the seedlings obtained were propagated in vitro in WPM plus 4 µM BA. Plant regeneration was achieved from hypocotyls and root segments cultured in vitro on modified Gamborg medium plus 20 µM BA and 20 µM NAA. 13.8% of the hypocotyls and approximately 30% of the root segments developed both shoots and roots after 30 days of culture. Rooting of stem segments was obtained both in vitro and ex vitro by basal dipping in IBA solutions. Within ex vitro rooting, mother plant age had major influence on the percentage of rooting of the cuttings as the younger plants showed higher ability to root. In this way, Q. ilex plants could be propagated and cloned. The procedure described here would be a very useful tool for breeding programs since vegetative propagation of selected individuals can be achieved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liñán, Juana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cantos, Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Troncoso, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, José L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Troncoso, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Some propagation methods for cloning holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) plants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central European Journal of Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in vitro</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rooting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed germination</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">359-364</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), a typical evergreen tree of the Mediterranean area, is very important due to its ecological and economical values. Propagation of this species is extremely difficult and traditionally carried out only by seed germination. In this work, mature acorns were germinated in vitro and in peat substrate in aseptic and non-aseptic conditions. Explants from the seedlings obtained were propagated in vitro in WPM plus 4 µM BA. Plant regeneration was achieved from hypocotyls and root segments cultured in vitro on modified Gamborg medium plus 20 µM BA and 20 µM NAA. 13.8% of the hypocotyls and approximately 30% of the root segments developed both shoots and roots after 30 days of culture. Rooting of stem segments was obtained both in vitro and ex vitro by basal dipping in IBA solutions. Within ex vitro rooting, mother plant age had major influence on the percentage of rooting of the cuttings as the younger plants showed higher ability to root. In this way, Q. ilex plants could be propagated and cloned. The procedure described here would be a very useful tool for breeding programs since vegetative propagation of selected individuals can be achieved.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romano, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Noronha, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins-Loução, M a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Role of carbohydrates in micropropagation of cork oak</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant cell, tissue and organ …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon source</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reducing sugars</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rooting</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159-167</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The influences of carbon sources, fructose, glucose, sorbitol and sucrose on shoot proliferation and in vitro rooting of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) were compared at a wide range of concentrations (1-6%, w/v). The highest number of shoots occurred on glucose-containing medium. Nevertheless, we have chosen 3% sucrose which induced a similar rate of proliferation but favoured shoot elongation, permitting an effectively higher number of shoots during transfers. Sorbitol and autoclaved fructose did not stimulate shoot proliferation. Adventitious root formation was strongly dependent on carbohydrate supply. Sorbitol and autoclaved fructose were completely ineffectively on rooting induction. Glucose was the most effective carbon source on rooting promotion followed by sucrose and filter-sterilized fructose. The rooting response induced by fructose was dependent on the sterilizing procedure. The number of adventitious roots produced per shoot increased with increasing glucose and sucrose concentration. The content of reducing sugars in leaves of proliferation cultures and in leaves and roots of rooted plantlets was more dependent on carbon concentration than on glucose or sucrose supplement. The results presented here show that carbohydrate requirements during cork oak micropropagation depend upon the phase of culture. Sucrose (3%) and glucose (4%) were the best carbon sources respectively during proliferation and rooting phases.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>2</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribeiro, Maria Margarida Chagas de Ataíde</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Propagação do sobreiro (Quercus suber) por estacaria</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anatomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuttings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rooting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetative propagation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Realizaram-se ensaios de enraizamento com estacas provenientes de jovens sobreiros, durante dois anos consecutivos. A aplicação de AIB à base da estaca melhorou a percentagem de enraizamento e a sobrevivência em relação à testemunha, na época de enraizamento de Abril. Na época de fins de Junho, já não se verificou a referida resposta positiva. Este tratamento não teve efeito no número de raízes formadas, por estaca enraizada, mas influenciou o comprimento da maior raiz, também por estaca enraizada, independentemente da época de enraizamento. A utilização de 0,1% ANA não provocou resultados diferentes da testemunha para qualquer dos parâmetros avaliados. O descasque na base da estaca aumentou a percentagem de enraizamento e a sobrevivência. Este tratamento, juntamente com a aplicação de 0,5% de AIB conduziu a percentagens de enraizamento superiores a 60%, ao fim de três meses de ensaio, na época de enraizamento de Abril. Quer a origem da estaca (topo ou base da planta) quer os tratamentos dos pés-mãe (colocação das plantas às escuras ou o escurecimento - uso de uma fita preta na base da futura estaca) não influenciaram a percentagem de enraizamento. A sobrevivência das estacas é comprometida na época de enraizamento de fins de Junho, pelo facto de entrarem em dormência. A aplicação de BAP às estacas enraizadas, em dormência, estimulou o abrolhamento de gomos axilares e não se observaram efeitos fitotóxicos. Realizaram-se cortes histológicos na base de estacas sujeitas ao tratamento de escurecimento (com ou sem aplicação de AIB na banda preta). No dia 0 observaram-se diferenças na estrutura devidas a esse tratamento especialmente ao nível da periderme e do xilema. Até ao dia 20 as diferenças estruturais das estacas submetidas ao tratamento de escurecimento foram-se acentuando com perda de coerência e aparecimento, por vezes abundante, de callus. Em geral as modificações surgiam na zona do nó e só depois na zona do entrenó. A aplicação de AIB à base da estaca antes de esta ser posta a enraizar não conduziu a diferenças tão evidentes como o tratamento de escurecimento</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribeiro, M M A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ensayo de enraizamiento de estaquillas del alcornoque (Quercus suber L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congreso Forestal Español, Lourizán - Pontevedra. 1993</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuttings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rooting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetative propagation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xunta de Galicia</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pontevedra</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233-238</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An experiment was made in order to study the tooting process in cuttings of young cork oaks. Different treatments with indol butiric acid (IBA) in different concentrations, two different origins of the cutting (basal and apical) and two different base of the cutting treatements (with or without bark removal) were performed. The best performances were achieved with 0.5% and 1 % of IBA (not significatively different) with 54 and 52 % of rooting, respectivly, after 3 months. The first treatment not only produces more roots by cutting but longer ones as well. Bark removal has the same effect but it does not improve rooting. The origin of the cutting had no influence in the studied parameters.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manzanera, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardos, J A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micropropagation of juvenile and adult Quercus suber L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rooting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper describes research on the application of tissue culture techniques to the micropropagation of cork oak (Quercus suber L.), a forest species of ecological and industrial importance in the Mediterranean area. Apical buds and nodal stem segments were employed as initial explants. Their origins were young seedlings, stump sprouts and sprouts formed on cuttings collected from old trees. The action of the mineral medium and growth regulators was studied in the multiplication stage. Media with low concentrations of ions, such as Sommer's or Heller's, are more suitable for growth and proliferation of explants than other media richer in salts. It was also observed that cytokinin (BA) must be present for the culture development. Adding low concentrations of auxin (NAA) to the medium improves the multi- plication rate, especially in vegetative material of adult origin. The auxin type is the most important factor in the promotion of rhizogenesis. The method of application determines the quality of the root system. Treatment with low concentrations of IBA added to the rooting medium gives the best results. High sucrose concentration also improves rooting. Diluting the mineral rooting medium is slightly favourable, although there is no significant difference between it and the standard mineral concentration.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>