<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scanu, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linaldeddu, B T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franceschini, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anselmi, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vannini, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vettraino, A M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Occurrence of Phytophthora cinnamomi in cork oak forests in Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork oak trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytophthora cinnamomi</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a--n/a</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An increasing decline and mortality of cork oak trees have been recently observed in central Italy and Sardinia Island. Following surveys conducted in three declining cork oak forests, a Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from soil samples collected from trees displaying different level of decline. Based on morphological features, growth rates at different temperatures and analysis of DNA sequences of the ITS region, all isolates were identified as Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. This pathogen caused large brownish lesions on inoculated freshly cut branches of cork oak. It was re-isolated from all infected tissues. These findings represent the first report of P. cinnamomi on cork oak trees in Italy.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knapic, Sofia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Louzada, José L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leal, Sofia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Within-tree and between-tree variation of wood density components in cork oak trees in two sites in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forestry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">axial variation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork oak trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radial variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood density</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">465-473</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The axial and radial variation of wood density was studied using microdensitometry in cork oaks (Quercus suber) in two sites in Portugal. The observations were made in mature trees under cork production and in juvenile trees before the first cork extraction, at three height levels (stem base, 1.3 m and before stem bifurcation). The cork oak wood revealed a very high mean density (0.884–1.068 g cm−3). Differences between earlywood and latewood were small (0.866 and 1.061 g cm−3, respectively). Latewood corresponded on average to 61 per cent of the total. The variation of density between trees was statistically highly significant, but no differences were found between the two sites. The within-tree axial variation was negligible but the radial direction within a cross-section was one of the main origins of variation of the density components (18 per cent of the total variation). The density decreased from pith to cambium and this radial variation corresponded to 19–24 per cent of the total variation of wood density. Overall, the magnitude of density variations between and within cork oaks was small and an advantageous factor for their use for quality wood products.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/forestry/cpn012</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/forestry/cpn012</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metcalf, Woodbridge</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cork oak tree in California</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">California</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork oak trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diameter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stripping</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1947</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oaks have been planted in Cali- fornia since about 1855, and there are some outstandingly fine specimen trees growing from San Diego to Eureka at elevations below 2,700 feet. There are about 5,000 trees more than ten years old in the state. Cork oak acorns produced in Cali- fornia average 70 per pound, have a high germinative capacity which can be main- tained for twelve months or more by moist cold storage at 38° F., and during most years it should be possible to obtain from five to ten tons of cork oak acorns from California trees. During the past six years about 200,- 000 seedling trees of cork oak have been grown and distributed to land owners under the cooperative cork oak project. Where carefully planted, protected from animal damage and given adequate irri- gation, shade and care, many of these plantations have shown excellent sur- vival and growth. Because of the kind interest and co- operation on the part of owners of cork oak trees, it has been possible to carry on experimental stripping of about 500 cork oaks during the past six years. The stripping season has been found to be from about July 1 to early in October. Most vigorous and full-crowned trees can be stripped easily with the special tools developed and with virtually no damage to the inner bark. It is not advisable to strip trees which are thin crowned or suffering from drought, insects or dis- ease. Removal of cork from ornamental cork oaks changes their appearance but does not seriously check their growth or lessen their ornamental character. The 15 tons of cork has been quite thoroughly tested and found to be well suited for the making of composition cork articles, insulation blocks and other been rapid and satisfactory with trees, usually regaining the diameter before stripping in five years. Indications are that the reproduction cork is of excellent quality. Trees 25 to 30 years of age when stripped have put on a growth of 100 pounds of reproduction cork in five years. The most serious insect enemy of the cork oak in California is the gall wasp which kills many twigs, particularly on trees in dry locations. There is no known control for this pest. If the cooperative distribution of trees can be continued until there are one mil- lion cork oaks growing in California, they will when 30 years old contain an emergency supply of 50,000 tons of cork. This amount may be increased and the quality improved by successive stripping of the trees after they become 20 years of age.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>