<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Currás, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reed, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Soto, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrero, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armengol, X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mezquita-Joanes, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marqués, M. a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riera, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julià, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change and human impact in central Spain during Roman times: High-resolution multi-proxy analysis of a tufa lake record (Somolinos, 1280m asl)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catena</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marl lake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palaeoenvironment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palaeolimnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roman Warm Period</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0341816211001780</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31 - 53</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Roman Period is considered a crucial phase in the evolution of Holocene landscapes, due to the coincidence of major climatic, environmental, economic and cultural changes. However, there is still debate as to the regional expression of these changes, and to the mechanisms involved, particularly in the topographically and climatically complex region of the Mediterranean. In order to improve our understanding of the synergies between societal and environmental change during this period in central Spain, we present a comprehensive case study based on the integration of multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental, archaeological and historical data. High-resolution, interdisciplinary research has been performed on a 3.8 m thick sediment record from the Somolinos tufa lake (1280 m asl), located in a continental Mediterranean area. The analyses include pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), macrocharcoal, ostracods, diatoms, other biotic remains and sedimentology. The Somolinos sequence extends from the 9th century cal BC (Pre-Roman) to the 8th century AD (Early Medieval). The multi-proxy data reveal substantial climate variability during this period. More humid conditions prevailed from 700 to 250 cal BC, while the climate became more arid during the Roman Period (50 cal BC to 70 cal AD). Later on, increased humidity characterized the period from 100 cal AD to 400 cal AD, followed by a progressive arid phase (400 to 715 cal AD) that culminated in total desiccation of the lake. During this time the Romans introduced a new and complex system of resource management in the area, including large-scale farming, grazing, forestry and mining. A strong shift in land use occurred after 80 cal BC, resulting in extensive woodland clearing throughout the range, and in an enhancement of soil erosion and lake productivity. The high-resolution analysis indicates that the peak in Roman impact occurred one century later than the climate changed towards drier conditions. In contrast, social–economical decline and aridiﬁcation were synchronous in Visigothic times (from 5th to 8th centuries AD). The Somolinos record indicates that Roman ‘humid period’ is not a simple phase as some suggest. The observed environmental changes resulted from the interaction of different driving factors.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Fernández, Silvia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viñuela, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, Beatriz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harvest of Red-Legged Partridge in Central Spain.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Journal of wildlife management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alectoris rufa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farm-reared partridges</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">harvest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hunt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intensification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restocking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small game</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1354-1363</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A basic rule to attain sustainable use of harvested resources is to adjust take to availability. Populations of red-legged partridges in Spain have decreased in recent decades, and releases of farm-bred partridges to improve short-term availability are increasingly common. We used questionnaires and bird surveys to assess whether harvest was related to availability of wild partridges or intensity of farm-bred partridge releases. We studied 50 hunting estates, including 6 administratively labeled as intensive (with few numerical and temporal restrictions to releases). In addition, we considered hunting pressure (number of hunters × hunting days/km(2)) and habitat as explanatory variables in the analyses. In intensive estates, annual harvest was exclusively related to release intensity, indicating that in these estates hunting is detached from natural resources and approaches an industrial activity based on external inputs. In non-intensive estates, harvest was affected by wild stock availability, walked-up shooting pressure, and habitat (greater harvest in estates with more Mediterranean shrubland). In these estates, releases did not increase annual harvest, and can be considered an inefficient practice. Additionally, the relationship between abundance estimates and harvest disappeared in estates with low partridge abundance estimates, suggesting possibilities for overharvesting in a large proportion of estates. Increasing the abundance of wild red-legged partridge through techniques like habitat management, and improving the adjustment of harvest to availability, may be a good strategy to increase long-term harvest in non-intensive estates. Additionally, Government and managers must create ways to segregate and label the estates where only wild red-legged partridges are managed from those where releases are used, to reduce ecological costs of management decisions. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23049142</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romero-Calcerrada, Raúl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry, George L. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of land abandonment in landscape dynamics in the SPA ‘Encinares del rı́o Alberche y Cofio, Central Spain, 1984–1999</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape metric</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">special protection areas (spa)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transition matrix model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204603001129</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217 - 232</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4420784822</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use has changed dramatically over the last 30–40 years throughout the Mediterranean. Much of this change has been driven by shifts in agricultural and socio-economic policy. This paper explores landscape dynamics in the SPA ‘Encinares del r´ıo Alberche y Coﬁo’ Central Spain between 1984 and 1999 in an area of approximately 83,000 ha. Categorical land cover maps, derived from three (1984, 1991 and 1999) remotely sensed Landsat images, are analyzed using a suite of landscape pattern metrics, and a simple transition matrix model of landscape change is developed. As with other landscapes in the Mediterranean a key trend is that of the abandonment of agricultural land and its subsequent succession to scrubland and woodland. Although there were signiﬁcant composition changes in the landscape over the study period conﬁgurational changes are less evident. The transition matrix model suggests that there were differences in landscape dynamics between 1984–1991 and 1991–1999—most importantly an increase in the rate of land abandonment is evident. The model predicts a steady state landscape containing a higher abundance of scrubland and woodland, and a corresponding decline in pastureland and cropland. Finally, the underlying socio-economic and other drivers of landscape change in the Encinares del r´ıo Alberche y Coﬁo and some of the implications of recent changes are discussed in terms of increased wildﬁre risk. Sustainable management of landscapes to protect biodiversity requires the type of study described here. A necessary pre-requisite of such management activities or planning is an assessment of changes in landscape pattern and process, the social and economic pressures driving them, and their possible effects on ecosystem structure and function.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romero-Calcerrada, Raúl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry, George L W</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of land abandonment in landscape dynamics in the SPA ‘Encinares del rı́o Alberche y Cofio, Central Spain, 1984–1999</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape metric</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">special protection areas (spa)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transition matrix model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217-232</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4420784822</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use has changed dramatically over the last 30–40 years throughout the Mediterranean. Much of this change has been driven by shifts in agricultural and socio-economic policy. This paper explores landscape dynamics in the SPA ‘Encinares del r´ıo Alberche y Coﬁo’ Central Spain between 1984 and 1999 in an area of approximately 83,000 ha. Categorical land cover maps, derived from three (1984, 1991 and 1999) remotely sensed Landsat images, are analyzed using a suite of landscape pattern metrics, and a simple transition matrix model of landscape change is developed. As with other landscapes in the Mediterranean a key trend is that of the abandonment of agricultural land and its subsequent succession to scrubland and woodland. Although there were signiﬁcant composition changes in the landscape over the study period conﬁgurational changes are less evident. The transition matrix model suggests that there were differences in landscape dynamics between 1984–1991 and 1991–1999—most importantly an increase in the rate of land abandonment is evident. The model predicts a steady state landscape containing a higher abundance of scrubland and woodland, and a corresponding decline in pastureland and cropland. Finally, the underlying socio-economic and other drivers of landscape change in the Encinares del r´ıo Alberche y Coﬁo and some of the implications of recent changes are discussed in terms of increased wildﬁre risk. Sustainable management of landscapes to protect biodiversity requires the type of study described here. A necessary pre-requisite of such management activities or planning is an assessment of changes in landscape pattern and process, the social and economic pressures driving them, and their possible effects on ecosystem structure and function.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrascal, L M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palomino, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lobo, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de preferencias de hábitat y de distribución y abundancia invernal de aves en el centro de España. Análisis y predicción del efecto de factores ecológicos</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regression models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wintering avifauna</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-40</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns of habitat preference and distribution and abundance of wintering bird fauna in central Spain. Analysis and prediction of the effect of ecological factors.— This paper analyses the effect of geographic, topographic, land use and habitat structure variables on the composition and structure of wintering bird communities in Central Spain (Iberian peninsula). Parameters describing the avifauna varied in a predictable way considering a small group of coarse–grained variables defining the geographical and altitudinal location of the censuses, and the basic characteristics of the structure and typology of habitats: 49–76% of variance accounted for total bird density and for abundance of four ecological groups, 37–63% accounted for species richness and diversity, and 65% explained the relative abundance of species with conservation problems according to the European scale (SPEC figures). Regarding the most widespread species in the study area, significant models were obtained by means of tree regression analysis for 50 species, with an average reduction of deviance of 39%. Altitude was the most important variable affecting bird community parameters and abundance of each bird species, showing a consistent and marked negative effect. Structural complexity of the vegetation and geographical location followed as the variables of importance explaining variability. The habitats with the lowest bird density, richness and diversity of birds were mountain grasslands/shrublands, young pine re–forestations, and Pyrenean oak forests at 1,200–1,600 m a.s.l. The habitats with the highest values on these parameters were riparian forests, agricultural mosaics, and holmoak &quot;dehesa&quot; parklands, mainly located at the southern and western part of the region and at intermediate altitudes. The total density of birds increased from east to west, was higher in intermediate altitudes than in the extremes of the altitudinal range, and increased with habitat structural complexity (i.e., vertical development and degree of vegetation cover), agricultural use of the land, and the presence of water (e.g., streams, rivers, flooded areas). Density of strictly wintering species in the study region decreased latitudinally from southeast to northwest, being higher at intermediate altitudes in localities with presence of water and woodlands dominated by coniferous trees. Abundance of facultative or obligate frugivorous species was very low. Richness of species was higher toward the western part of the study area, increased with habitat structural complexity, and was lower at higher altitudes. On the other hand, the less diverse bird assemblages were those that inhabit agricultural landscapes and/or areas located at higher altitudes. Habitats and areas with a higher relative abundance of species with conservation problems at the European scale (SPEC scores) were located at intermediate altitudes in the southwest and southeast of the study region. The relative abundance of this group of species was also associated to the presence of water, habitat structural complexity and agricultural use. The relationship between the European conservation status of species (SPEC scores) and the patterns of distribution, abundance, habitat preferences and ecological width of 72 species was also analysed. Species with more conservation problems on the European scale have a marked preference for structurally simpler habitats (e.g., agricultural and grasslands habitats) and have a broader altitudinal and among–habitats distribution. Results from the 44 census localities were extrapolated to the remaining region using a geographical information system in order to build predictive maps for density, species richness, species diversity and weighed European conservation status. This work shows that valuable knowledge can be obtained from fragmentary and dispersed data, in order to describe general patterns of distribution, abundance and habitat preferences of birds. This methodological approach could be a valid in environmentally heterogeneous, large regions, with few qualified bird observers and researchers.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrascal, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palomino, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lobo, J. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de preferencias de hábitat y de distribución y abundancia invernal de aves en el centro de España. Análisis y predicción del efecto de factores ecológicos</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regression models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wintering avifauna</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.bcn.es/museuciencies_fitxers/imatges/FitxerContingut6334.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7 - 40</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns of habitat preference and distribution and abundance of wintering bird fauna in central Spain. Analysis and prediction of the effect of ecological factors.— This paper analyses the effect of geographic, topographic, land use and habitat structure variables on the composition and structure of wintering bird communities in Central Spain (Iberian peninsula). Parameters describing the avifauna varied in a predictable way considering a small group of coarse–grained variables defining the geographical and altitudinal location of the censuses, and the basic characteristics of the structure and typology of habitats: 49–76% of variance accounted for total bird density and for abundance of four ecological groups, 37–63% accounted for species richness and diversity, and 65% explained the relative abundance of species with conservation problems according to the European scale (SPEC figures). Regarding the most widespread species in the study area, significant models were obtained by means of tree regression analysis for 50 species, with an average reduction of deviance of 39%. Altitude was the most important variable affecting bird community parameters and abundance of each bird species, showing a consistent and marked negative effect. Structural complexity of the vegetation and geographical location followed as the variables of importance explaining variability. The habitats with the lowest bird density, richness and diversity of birds were mountain grasslands/shrublands, young pine re–forestations, and Pyrenean oak forests at 1,200–1,600 m a.s.l. The habitats with the highest values on these parameters were riparian forests, agricultural mosaics, and holmoak &quot;dehesa&quot; parklands, mainly located at the southern and western part of the region and at intermediate altitudes. The total density of birds increased from east to west, was higher in intermediate altitudes than in the extremes of the altitudinal range, and increased with habitat structural complexity (i.e., vertical development and degree of vegetation cover), agricultural use of the land, and the presence of water (e.g., streams, rivers, flooded areas). Density of strictly wintering species in the study region decreased latitudinally from southeast to northwest, being higher at intermediate altitudes in localities with presence of water and woodlands dominated by coniferous trees. Abundance of facultative or obligate frugivorous species was very low. Richness of species was higher toward the western part of the study area, increased with habitat structural complexity, and was lower at higher altitudes. On the other hand, the less diverse bird assemblages were those that inhabit agricultural landscapes and/or areas located at higher altitudes. Habitats and areas with a higher relative abundance of species with conservation problems at the European scale (SPEC scores) were located at intermediate altitudes in the southwest and southeast of the study region. The relative abundance of this group of species was also associated to the presence of water, habitat structural complexity and agricultural use. The relationship between the European conservation status of species (SPEC scores) and the patterns of distribution, abundance, habitat preferences and ecological width of 72 species was also analysed. Species with more conservation problems on the European scale have a marked preference for structurally simpler habitats (e.g., agricultural and grasslands habitats) and have a broader altitudinal and among–habitats distribution. Results from the 44 census localities were extrapolated to the remaining region using a geographical information system in order to build predictive maps for density, species richness, species diversity and weighed European conservation status. This work shows that valuable knowledge can be obtained from fragmentary and dispersed data, in order to describe general patterns of distribution, abundance and habitat preferences of birds. This methodological approach could be a valid in environmentally heterogeneous, large regions, with few qualified bird observers and researchers.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malo, J E Juan E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suarez, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaca, L A S Boñigas D E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poa, E L Encespedado D E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversidad, Y L A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Un, E N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa, Pastizal D E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAS BOÑIGAS DE VACA, EL ENCESPEDADO DE POA BULBOSA, Y LA DIVERSIDAD EN UN PASTIZAL DE DEHESA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">centro de españa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competencia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dinámica de pastizales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dung</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">excrementos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivores</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbívoros</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasture dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perturbación</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-75</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The interactions of cattle dung pats, the Poa bulbosa Turf and the number of species in a pasture is analyzed at a 10x10 cm scale, through a four-year monitoring of 50 dung pats. Dung pats elimínate the Poa bulbosa Turf, and its recovering takes more than four years. The rest of the species are also displaced by dung pats, but they colonize the gaps much faster. Thus, the number of species by sample is significantly smaller on dung pats the first year after deposition (5-4 vs. 10-8), not distinguishable the second and third years (9-2 vs. 10-0 and 9-3 vs. 8-0), and significantly higher the fourth year after depo- sition (13-8 vs. 10-7). These results seem to be associated to the competitive behaviour of Poa bulbosa. This species colonizes the gaps slowly, but it is able to displace other species from them. The effect of the process is relatively small for the whole pasture due to the small área covered by dung pats. However, due to the uneveness of dung deposi- tion it can contribute to the development of pasture gradients of composition and diver- sity associated to grazing.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baz, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GarciaBoyero, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The SLOSS dilemma: A butterfly case study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">average distance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">butterflies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulated archipelagoes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SLOSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">493 - 502</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butterfly species richness is examined on simulated archipelagoes of 2, 3, 4 and 5 holm oak forest fragments in the Guadalajara Province (central Spain). It is shown that there are more species on several small `islands' than on a single island. Also, species number increases with the number of fragments that form the archipelago, and with the average distance between islands within the archipelago. Thus, we conclude, at least for butterflies in a system of fragmented helm oak forests in central Iberia, that the best strategy in order to maximize the conservation of species richness is the creation of a net of some small and scattered reserves.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN&lt;br/&gt;publisher: CHAPMAN HALL LTD</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baz, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GarciaBoyero, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The SLOSS dilemma: A butterfly case study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">average distance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">butterflies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulated archipelagoes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SLOSS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHAPMAN HALL LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">493-502</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butterfly species richness is examined on simulated archipelagoes of 2, 3, 4 and 5 holm oak forest fragments in the Guadalajara Province (central Spain). It is shown that there are more species on several small `islands' than on a single island. Also, species number increases with the number of fragments that form the archipelago, and with the average distance between islands within the archipelago. Thus, we conclude, at least for butterflies in a system of fragmented helm oak forests in central Iberia, that the best strategy in order to maximize the conservation of species richness is the creation of a net of some small and scattered reserves.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineda, F D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicolas, J P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rou, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galiano, E F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological succession in oligotrophic pastures of central Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correspondence analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slope</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1981</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165-176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dynamics of oligotrophic pastures were analyzed in the area of El Pardo (Central Spain), and related with geomorphological features and time elapsed since the last ploughing. A sampling of the area was carried out regarding these two factors. The data were subjected to correspondence analysis, which showed the progressive replacement of species related to succession, variation along slopes, with a tight interaction between both phenomena. The correspondence between vegetation change and slope geomorphology is closer as succession progresses.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>