<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malo, J E Juan E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suarez, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaca, L A S Boñigas D E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poa, E L Encespedado D E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversidad, Y L A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Un, E N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa, Pastizal D E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAS BOÑIGAS DE VACA, EL ENCESPEDADO DE POA BULBOSA, Y LA DIVERSIDAD EN UN PASTIZAL DE DEHESA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">centro de españa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competencia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dinámica de pastizales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dung</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">excrementos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivores</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbívoros</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasture dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">perturbación</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-75</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The interactions of cattle dung pats, the Poa bulbosa Turf and the number of species in a pasture is analyzed at a 10x10 cm scale, through a four-year monitoring of 50 dung pats. Dung pats elimínate the Poa bulbosa Turf, and its recovering takes more than four years. The rest of the species are also displaced by dung pats, but they colonize the gaps much faster. Thus, the number of species by sample is significantly smaller on dung pats the first year after deposition (5-4 vs. 10-8), not distinguishable the second and third years (9-2 vs. 10-0 and 9-3 vs. 8-0), and significantly higher the fourth year after depo- sition (13-8 vs. 10-7). These results seem to be associated to the competitive behaviour of Poa bulbosa. This species colonizes the gaps slowly, but it is able to displace other species from them. The effect of the process is relatively small for the whole pasture due to the small área covered by dung pats. However, due to the uneveness of dung deposi- tion it can contribute to the development of pasture gradients of composition and diver- sity associated to grazing.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malo, Juan E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suárez, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbivorous mammals as seed dispersers in a Mediterranean dehesa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endozoochory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasture dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed dispersal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therophytes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">104</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">246-255</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endozoochorous seed dispersal by herbivo- rous mammals has been verified repeatedly and its possi- ble influence on the structure and function of herbaceous communities has been suggested. Quantitative studies, however, are lacking in the field of seed dispersal via the dung of herbivore guilds in little-altered environments. The present paper analyses seed dispersal via rabbit, fal- low deer, red deer and cow dung in a Mediterranean de- hesa (open woodland used for hunting and ranching) during the seeding season. Dung seed content was deter- mined by the glasshouse cultivation of eight dung sam- ples from each herbivore, collected fortnightly between February and August. The four herbivores disperse many seeds (spring averages are 6-15 seeds per gram of dry dung and maxima of 25-70) from a large number of spe- cies (totals between 52 and 78). Dispersal seems to be mainly determined by seed production of the plant com- munity. This is reflected in (i) the dissemination of a high percentage of the species present in the dehesa, (ii) great seasonal variability, related to seed production, in the amount of seeds and number of species dispersed, and (iii) a high semi-quantitative similarity of seed con- tent in the four types of herbivore dung throughout the year. There is also important quantitative variation that depends on animal traits and feeding habits. These re- sults and the characteristics of species found in dung suggest the adaptation of plant species to the dispersal of their seeds via herbivore gut. This process may well have profound implications for vegetation dynamics and the evolution of plant traits.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>