<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibáñez, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibáñez, Inés</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Aparicio, LORENA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruíz-Benito, PALOMA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Luis V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marañón, Teodoro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contrasting effects of climate change along life stages of a dominant tree species: the importance of soil–climate interactions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity and Distributions</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bayesian analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">declining forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demographic rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Establishment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest inventory data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a--n/a</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim For tree species, adult survival and seedling and sapling recruitment dynamics are the main processes that determine forest structure and composition. Thus, studying how these two life stages may be affected by climate change in the context of other abiotic and biotic variables is critical to understand future population trends. The aim of this study was to assess the sustainability of cork oak (Quercus suber) forests at the core of its distributional range under future climatic conditions. Location Southern Spain. Methods Using forest inventory data collected at two periods 10 years apart, we performed a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the role of different abiotic and biotic factors on adult survival and recruitment patterns. Results We found that both life stages were influenced by climatic conditions, but in different ways. Adult tree survival was negatively impacted by warmer spring temperatures, while recruitment was positively affected by warmer winter temperatures. Our results also revealed the importance of soil texture as a modulator of winter precipitation effects on adult survival. With higher winter precipitation, adult survival increased in sandy soils and decreased in clayish soils. Therefore, under predicted future climate scenarios of wetter winters and warmer temperatures, the presence of cork oaks is more likely to occur in sandy soils vs. clayish soils. Biotic conditions also affected these life stages. We found a negative effect of heterospecific but not conspecific trees on both adult survival and seedling recruitment. Main conclusions Overall, the sustainability of the studied forests will be highly dependent not only on future climatic trends, but also on their interaction with other key factors – soil properties in particular – that modulate the effects of climate on demographic rates.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Di Rita, Federico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anzidei, Anna Paola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magri, Donatella</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Lateglacial and early Holocene pollen record from Valle di Castiglione (Rome): Vegetation dynamics and climate implications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deciduous and evergreen forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollen analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation dynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618211006501http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618211006501</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">288</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73 - 80</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new pollen record from Valle di Castiglione near Rome (core VdC09) has been studied with the aim of providing a detailed reconstruction of the vegetation history of the Roman landscape between 13,800 and 7700 cal BP, in response to the Lateglacial and early Holocene climate events. An open landscape dominated by steppe vegetation characterized the Lateglacial, so that only a modest increase of trees took place during the Allerød interstadial. The Intra Allerød Cold Period induced instability in the development of the woody communities. The Holocene forest recovery started around 11,600 cal BP, but definite forest development occurred only around 11,100 cal BP, at the end of the Preboreal Oscillation, which produced an important re-expansion of herbs. The evergreen Mediterranean vegetation was constantly present in the landscape, even during the Lateglacial cold fluctuations. A clear early Holocene increase in evergreen trees corresponds to the attainment of high and stable values in the GISP2 δ18O curve, around 10,200 cal BP.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd and INQUA</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azevedo, J.C. C C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Possacos, a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aguiar, C.F. F F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amado, a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loureiro, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, P.M. M M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of holm oak edges in the control of disturbance and conservation of plant diversity in fire-prone landscapes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edges</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">297</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-48</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) woodlands have been able to persist in ﬁre-prone landscapes in northern Portugal where they seem to play a relevant role in community and landscape level patterns and processes, namely in the control of disturbance events and in the maintenance of biodiversity. In this research we tested the following hypotheses: (i) holm oak woodlands affect ﬁre behavior, mainly by disrupting and delaying ﬁre spread; (ii) disruption and delaying of ﬁre spread is due to ﬁre extinction at the edge of woodlands; and (iii) plant diversity is favored by frequent low-intensity ﬁres as a result of the control of ﬁre spread by holm oak woodland edges. We sampled herbaceous, shrub and tree structure and herbaceous plant composition across edges of holm oak woodlands with known recent contact with ﬁre. Using BehavePlus we converted structural data into fuel models and simulated ﬁre behavior for the locations sampled along the exterior–interior gradient of the woodlands. Our results indicate that holm oak woodlands play a relevant role in the control of ﬁre spread and in the maintenance of plant diversity. We found differences in simulated maximum rate of ﬁre spread (ROS) and ﬁreline intensity (FLI) between outside and inside woodlands as well as a 100% probability of ﬁre extinction when fuel moisture was &gt;12% and wind speed at 10 m aboveground was &lt;40 km h1 , supporting the self-extinction hypothesis. We found also that richness and abundance of herbaceous plants varied between the interior and exterior of the woodland, with higher values outside the woodland, and that plant composition along the interior– exterior gradient had distinct patterns. These variables and the pattern of plant distribution were also signiﬁcantly affected by time since last ﬁre event. We conclude that holm oak woodlands affect ﬁre behavior by interrupting ﬁre spread at the edge zone and that ﬁre-created edges affect herbaceous plant species richness, abundance and distribution by maintaining habitat diversity, which increased plant diversity at patch and landscape levels. Based on our results and other evidence, we developed a conceptual model of the dynamics of ﬁre, landscape structure, and plant diversity in ﬁre-prone landscapes where holm oak patches persist.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pons, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The coexistence of acorns with different maturation patterns explains acorn production variability in cork oak.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fruit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fruit: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypothesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weather</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246473</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">723 - 731</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In dry areas such as Mediterranean ecosystems, fluctuations in seed production are typically explained by resource (water) availability. However, acorn production in cork oak (Quercus suber) populations shows a very low relationship to weather. Because cork oak trees produce acorns with different maturation patterns (annual and biennial), we hypothesized that acorn production in coexisting individuals with a different dominant acorn maturation type should respond differently to climatic factors and that disaggregating the trees according to their acorn-maturation pattern should provide a more proximal relation to weather factors. We assessed acorn production variability in fragmented cork oak populations of the eastern Iberian Peninsula by counting the total number of acorns in 155 trees during an 8-year period. An initial assessment of acorn production variability in relation to weather parameters yielded very low explained variance (7%). However, after the trees were grouped according to their dominant acorn maturation pattern, weather parameters were found to account for 44% of the variability in acorn crops, with trees with annual acorns exhibiting mast fruiting in years with reduced spring frost and shorter summer droughts and trees with biennial acorns showing the opposite pattern. Thus, conditions that negatively affect annual production could be beneficial for biennial production (and vice versa). The results highlight the importance of the resource-matching hypothesis for explaining acorn production in Quercus suber and suggest that different seed maturation types within a population may allow the species to deal with highly variable weather conditions. They also emphasize the importance of understanding acorn maturation patterns for interpreting masting cycles.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22246473</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schaffhauser, Alice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curt, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Véla, Errol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatoni, Thierry</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recurrent fires and environment shape the vegetation in Quercus suber L. woodlands and maquis.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comptes rendus biologies</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acidic soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica arborea L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire recurrence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22721564</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">424 - 434</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of fire recurrence on vegetation patterns in Quercus suber L. and Erica-Cistus communities in Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems of south-eastern France were examined on stands belonging to 5 fire classes, corresponding to different numbers of fires (from 0 to 4) and time intervals between fires since 1959. A common pool of species was identified among the plots, which was typical of both open and closed maquis. Fire recurrence reduced the abundance of trees and herbs, whereas it increased the abundance of small shrubs. Richness differed significantly between the most contrasting classes of fire recurrence, with maximal values found in control plots and minimal values in plots that had burned recurrently and recently. Equitability indices did not vary significantly, in contrast to Shannon's diversity index which mostly correlated with richness. Forest ecosystems that have burnt once or twice in the last 50 years were resilient; that is to say they recovered a biomass and composition similar to that of the pre-fire state. However, after more than 3-4 fires, shrubland communities displayed lower species richness and diversity indices than unburned plots. The time since the last fire and the number of fires were the most explanatory fire variables, governing the structure of post-fire plant communities. However, environmental factors, such as slope or exposure, also made a significant contribution. Higher rates of fire recurrence can affect the persistence or expansion of shrublands in the future, as observed in other Mediterranean areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22721564</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Aparicio, LORENA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibáñez, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, María S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Vita, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, José M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, Luis V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esperanza Sánchez, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marañón, Teodoro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial patterns of soil pathogens in declining Mediterranean forests: implications for tree species regeneration.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The New phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Host-Pathogen Interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neighborhood models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pythium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pythium: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regeneration dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil texture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil-borne pathogens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">species coexistence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22428751</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">194</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1014 - 1024</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil-borne pathogens are a key component of the belowground community because of the significance of their ecological and socio-economic impacts. However, very little is known about the complexity of their distribution patterns in natural systems. Here, we explored the patterns, causes and ecological consequences of spatial variability in pathogen abundance in Mediterranean forests affected by oak decline. We used spatially explicit neighborhood models to predict the abundance of soil-borne pathogen species (Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium spiculum and Pythium spp.) as a function of local abiotic conditions (soil texture) and the characteristics of the tree and shrub neighborhoods (species composition, size and health status). The implications of pathogen abundance for tree seedling performance were explored by conducting a sowing experiment in the same locations in which pathogen abundance was quantified. Pathogen abundance in the forest soil was not randomly distributed, but exhibited spatially predictable patterns influenced by both abiotic and, particularly, biotic factors (tree and shrub species). Pathogen abundance reduced seedling emergence and survival, but not in all sites or tree species. Our findings suggest that heterogeneous spatial patterns of pathogen abundance at fine spatial scale can be important for the dynamics and restoration of declining Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22428751</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matías, Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, Regino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Jorge</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sporadic rainy events are more critical than increasing of drought intensity for woody species recruitment in a Mediterranean community.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angiosperms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angiosperms: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Droughts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation dynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">833-844</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The understanding of the impact of extreme climatic events under a global climate change scenario is crucial for the accurate forecast of future plant community dynamics. We have experimentally assessed the effect of drier and wetter summer conditions on the recruitment probabilities and the growth of seedlings from eight woody species representative of the most important functional groups in the community, pioneer shrubs, mid-successional shrubs and trees, across the main habitats in the study area (open habitat, shrubland, and forest). Our hypothesis proposes that wet summer conditions would represent a good opportunity for tree species regeneration, enhancing both forest maintenance and expansion. A drier summer scenario, on the other hand, would limit forest regeneration, and probably hinder the colonization of nearby habitats. We found a habitat effect on the emergence, survival, and final biomass, whereas different climate scenarios affected seedling survival and biomass. A wet summer boosted growth and survival, whereas greater drought reduced survival only in some cases. These results were modulated by the habitat type. Overall, shrub species presented higher survival and growth and were less affected by more severe drought, whereas some tree species proved to be extremely dependent on wet summer conditions. We conclude that the reduction in frequency of wet summers predicted for the coming decades in Mediterranean areas will have greater consequences for species recruitment than will increased drought. The different response of the species from the various functional groups has the potential to alter the composition and dominance of future plant communities.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22218941</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rico, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jump, A S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terradas, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summer season and long-term drought increase the richness of bacteria and fungi in the foliar phyllosphere of Quercus ilex in a mixed Mediterranean forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteria: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteria: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacterial TRF richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacterial: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">colonisation time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Droughts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epiphytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foliar and epiphytic microbial diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foliar phyllosphere</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungal TRF richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restriction Fragment Length</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees: microbiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">565-575</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We explored the changes in richness, diversity and evenness of epiphytic (on the leaf surface) and endophytic (within leaf tissues) bacteria and fungi in the foliar phyllosphere of Quercus ilex, the dominant tree species of Mediterranean forests. Bacteria and fungi were assessed during ontogenic development of the leaves, from the wet spring to the dry summer season in control plots and in plots subjected to drought conditions mimicking those projected for future decades. Our aim was to monitor succession in microbiota during the colonisation of plant leaves and its response to climate change. Ontogeny and seasonality exerted a strong influence on richness and diversity of the microbial phyllosphere community, which decreased in summer in the whole leaf and increased in summer in the epiphytic phyllosphere. Drought precluded the decrease in whole leaf phyllosphere diversity and increased the rise in the epiphytic phyllosphere. Both whole leaf bacterial and fungal richness decreased with the decrease in physiological activity and productivity of the summer season in control trees. As expected, the richness of epiphytic bacteria and fungi increased in summer after increasing time of colonisation. Under summer dry conditions, there was a positive relationship between TRF (terminal restriction fragments) richness and drought, both for whole leaf and epiphytic phyllosphere, and especially for fungal communities. These results demonstrate that changes in climate are likely to significantly alter microbial abundance and composition of the phyllosphere. Given the diverse functions and large number of phyllospheric microbes, the potential functional implications of such community shifts warrant exploration.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22289059</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Tejero, M R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casares-Porcel, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-Rojas, C P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramiro-Gutiérrez, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molero-Mesa, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pieroni, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giusti, M E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Censorii, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Pasquale, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Della, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskeva-Hadijchambi, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hadjichambis, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Houmani, Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Demerdash, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Zayat, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hmamouchi, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eljohrig, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plants in the Mediterranean area: synthesis of the results of the project Rubia.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of ethnopharmacology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethnobotany</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">341-357</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Within the scope of the European project RUBIA (ICA3-2002-10023), research has been performed on the traditional use and handling of plant species in several Mediterranean countries, Albania, Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Italy, Morocco, and Spain. This paper synthesises the chief results related to the medicinal utilization of those plants.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18242025</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fletcher, William J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orbital- and sub-orbital-scale climate impacts on vegetation of the western Mediterranean basin over the last 48,000 yr</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dansgaard-Oeschger variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heinrich events</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iberian margin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land–sea correlation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LGM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marine palynology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Washington</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">451-464</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High-resolution pollen analysis of Alborán Sea core MD95-2043 provides a 48-ka continuous vegetation record that can be directly correlated with sea surface and deep-water changes. The reliability of this record is supported by comparison with that of Padul (Sierra Nevada, Spain). Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 was characterised by ﬂuctuations in Quercus forest cover in response to Dansgaard-Oeschger climate variability. MIS 2 was characterised by the dominance of semi-desert vegetation. Despite overall dry and cold conditions during MIS 2, Heinrich events (HEs) 2 and 1 were distinguished from the last glacial maximum by more intensely arid conditions. Taxon-speciﬁc vegetation responses to a tripartite climatic structure within the HEs are observed. In MIS 1, the Bölling-Allerød was marked by rapid afforestation, while a re-expansion of semidesert environments occurred during the Younger Dryas. The maximum development of mixed Quercus forest occurred between 11.7 and 5.4 cal ka BP, with forest decline since 5.4 cal ka BP. On orbital timescales, a long-term expansion of semi-desert vegetation from MIS 3 into MIS 2 reﬂects global ice-volume trends, while Holocene arboreal decline reﬂects summer insolation decrease. The inﬂuence of precession on the amplitude of forest development and vegetation composition is also detected</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fletcher, William J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orbital- and sub-orbital-scale climate impacts on vegetation of the western Mediterranean basin over the last 48,000 yr</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dansgaard-Oeschger variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heinrich events</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iberian margin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land–sea correlation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LGM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marine palynology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0033589408000975</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">451 - 464</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High-resolution pollen analysis of Alborán Sea core MD95-2043 provides a 48-ka continuous vegetation record that can be directly correlated with sea surface and deep-water changes. The reliability of this record is supported by comparison with that of Padul (Sierra Nevada, Spain). Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 was characterised by ﬂuctuations in Quercus forest cover in response to Dansgaard-Oeschger climate variability. MIS 2 was characterised by the dominance of semi-desert vegetation. Despite overall dry and cold conditions during MIS 2, Heinrich events (HEs) 2 and 1 were distinguished from the last glacial maximum by more intensely arid conditions. Taxon-speciﬁc vegetation responses to a tripartite climatic structure within the HEs are observed. In MIS 1, the Bölling-Allerød was marked by rapid afforestation, while a re-expansion of semidesert environments occurred during the Younger Dryas. The maximum development of mixed Quercus forest occurred between 11.7 and 5.4 cal ka BP, with forest decline since 5.4 cal ka BP. On orbital timescales, a long-term expansion of semi-desert vegetation from MIS 3 into MIS 2 reﬂects global ice-volume trends, while Holocene arboreal decline reﬂects summer insolation decrease. The inﬂuence of precession on the amplitude of forest development and vegetation composition is also detected</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: University of Washington</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puerta-Piñero, Carolina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, Jose M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irradiance and oak seedling survival and growth in a heterogeneous environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112707000874</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">462 - 469</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Mediterranean region emerges highly heterogeneous at every spatio-temporal scale. Key species shape a mosaic of patches (landscape units) composed of different microhabitats. Within these ecosystems irradiance appears as one of the most changing factors affecting communities’ dynamic. However, the impact of irradiance on the species performance is still poorly known. In this study, we intended to explore whether irradiance heterogeneity inﬂuences early recruitment. We chose a patchy Mediterranean site. During 2001, 2002 and 2003 we marked naturally Quercus ilex emerged seedlings. We distinguished three landscape units (Q. ilex woodlands, shrublands and afforestations) and six microhabitats (oak, broom, tall shrub, subshrub, pine and open). For each seedling, we measured (1) irradiance as global site factor (GSF); (2) acorn presence; (3) acorn depth; (4) burial layer; (5) distance to the nearest co-speciﬁc adult. As estimates of seedling performance, we measured seedling survival and height. Estimates of seedling performance were higher in 2001 and 2002 than in 2003. Oak or pine microhabitats achieved higher survival rates than brooms or open areas whilst under oaks, brooms or in open areas seedling height was lower than under tall shrubs. Irradiance signiﬁcantly affected seedling survival and growth. The lower the irradiance, the higher the survival. Maximal growth was found at intermediate irradiance, indicating that, in this system, moderate shade is crucial for Q. ilex seedling recruitment. Some microhabitats provide intermediate irradiance that combines positive effects on survival and growth. As a ﬁnal point, dispersers’ activity creates a heterogeneous distribution of acorn deposition ﬁltering out part of the total irradiance present in the study site.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puerta-Piñero, Carolina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, José M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irradiance and oak seedling survival and growth in a heterogeneous environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">462-469</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Mediterranean region emerges highly heterogeneous at every spatio-temporal scale. Key species shape a mosaic of patches (landscape units) composed of different microhabitats. Within these ecosystems irradiance appears as one of the most changing factors affecting communities’ dynamic. However, the impact of irradiance on the species performance is still poorly known. In this study, we intended to explore whether irradiance heterogeneity inﬂuences early recruitment. We chose a patchy Mediterranean site. During 2001, 2002 and 2003 we marked naturally Quercus ilex emerged seedlings. We distinguished three landscape units (Q. ilex woodlands, shrublands and afforestations) and six microhabitats (oak, broom, tall shrub, subshrub, pine and open). For each seedling, we measured (1) irradiance as global site factor (GSF); (2) acorn presence; (3) acorn depth; (4) burial layer; (5) distance to the nearest co-speciﬁc adult. As estimates of seedling performance, we measured seedling survival and height. Estimates of seedling performance were higher in 2001 and 2002 than in 2003. Oak or pine microhabitats achieved higher survival rates than brooms or open areas whilst under oaks, brooms or in open areas seedling height was lower than under tall shrubs. Irradiance signiﬁcantly affected seedling survival and growth. The lower the irradiance, the higher the survival. Maximal growth was found at intermediate irradiance, indicating that, in this system, moderate shade is crucial for Q. ilex seedling recruitment. Some microhabitats provide intermediate irradiance that combines positive effects on survival and growth. As a ﬁnal point, dispersers’ activity creates a heterogeneous distribution of acorn deposition ﬁltering out part of the total irradiance present in the study site.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferretti, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagnano, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amoriello, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badiani, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ballarin-Denti, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buffoni, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bussotti, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castagna, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cieslik, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costantini, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Marco, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerosa, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lorenzini, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manes, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merola, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nali, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paoletti, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petriccione, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Racalbuto, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rana, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ranieri, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tagliaferri, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vialetto, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitale, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring, modelling and testing ozone exposure, flux and effects on vegetation in southern European conditions--what does not work? A review from Italy.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AOTx</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal flux</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">648-658</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone (O3) exposure at Italian background sites exceeds UN/ECE concentration-based critical levels (CLe(c)), if expressed in terms of AOT40. Yet the occurrence of adverse effects of O3 on forests and crops is controversial. Possible reasons include (i) ability of response indicators to provide an unbiased estimate of O3 effects, (ii) setting of current CLe(c) in terms of cut-off value and accumulation level, (iii) response functions adopted to infer a critical level, (iv) environmental limitation to O3 uptake and (v) inherent characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation. In particular, the two latter points suggest that critical levels based on accumulated stomatal flux (CLe(f)) can be a better predictor of O3 risk than CLe(c). While this concept is largely acknowledged, a number of factors may limit its applicability for routine monitoring. This paper reviews levels, uptake and vegetation response to O3 in Italy over recent years to discuss value, uncertainty and feasibility of different approaches to risk assessment.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16889878</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferretti, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagnano, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amoriello, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badiani, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ballarin-Denti, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buffoni, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bussotti, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castagna, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cieslik, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costantini, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Marco, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerosa, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lorenzini, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manes, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merola, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nali, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paoletti, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petriccione, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Racalbuto, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rana, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ranieri, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tagliaferri, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vialetto, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitale, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring, modelling and testing ozone exposure, flux and effects on vegetation in southern European conditions--what does not work? A review from Italy.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AOTx</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal flux</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16889878</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">648 - 658</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone (O3) exposure at Italian background sites exceeds UN/ECE concentration-based critical levels (CLe(c)), if expressed in terms of AOT40. Yet the occurrence of adverse effects of O3 on forests and crops is controversial. Possible reasons include (i) ability of response indicators to provide an unbiased estimate of O3 effects, (ii) setting of current CLe(c) in terms of cut-off value and accumulation level, (iii) response functions adopted to infer a critical level, (iv) environmental limitation to O3 uptake and (v) inherent characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation. In particular, the two latter points suggest that critical levels based on accumulated stomatal flux (CLe(f)) can be a better predictor of O3 risk than CLe(c). While this concept is largely acknowledged, a number of factors may limit its applicability for routine monitoring. This paper reviews levels, uptake and vegetation response to O3 in Italy over recent years to discuss value, uncertainty and feasibility of different approaches to risk assessment.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16889878</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorens, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Domingo, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rainfall partitioning by vegetation under Mediterranean conditions. A review of studies in Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Hydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaporation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall partitioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemﬂow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002216940600583X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37 - 54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rainfall partitioning by vegetation plays an important role affecting the water balance at local and catchment scale due to the control that vegetation canopies exert by modifying both evaporation and the redistribution of incident rainfall. The parameters associated with this process can be found in the literature but this task is not always easy. In this context, this paper presents an exhaustive review of experimental studies dealing with rainfall interception in the Mediterranean area of Europe in the last 30 years, with information on 29 different species (89% referred to tree stands and 11% to shrubs or bushes) from 83 sites in 63 research areas found in 90 papers on studies performed in France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The revision includes articles in international journals and books (37%), local journals (27%), Ph.D. dissertations, Master’s theses and technical documents (27%) and proceedings (10%) until 2004. The studies are representative of a wide range of rainfall, temperatures and potential evapotranspiration. The lack of a standard protocol to measure bulk rainfall, throughfall and stemﬂow in interception studies makes it difﬁcult to merge information in this type of review. Nevertheless, this review presents a detailed classiﬁcation of the information compiled according to research focus, climate and vegetation characteristics, rainfall partitioning ﬂux measurement methods and the quality of the information, giving rise to an important database of rainfall partitioning studies in the European Mediterranean area</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García del Barrio, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortega, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vázquez De la Cueva, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena-Rosselló, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The influence of linear elements on plant species diversity of Mediterranean rural landscapes: assessment of different indices and statistical approaches.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental monitoring and assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Natural Resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Natural Resources: statistics &amp; nu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">core habitat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecotones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">linear elements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poaceae: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shannon index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees: growth &amp; development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137-159</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1066100590192</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper mainly aims to study the linear element influence on the estimation of vascular plant species diversity in five Mediterranean landscapes modeled as land cover patch mosaics. These landscapes have several core habitats and a different set of linear elements--habitat edges or ecotones, roads or railways, rivers, streams and hedgerows on farm land--whose plant composition were examined. Secondly, it aims to check plant diversity estimation in Mediterranean landscapes using parametric and non-parametric procedures, with two indices: Species richness and Shannon index. Land cover types and landscape linear elements were identified from aerial photographs. Their spatial information was processed using GIS techniques. Field plots were selected using a stratified sampling design according to relieve and tree density of each habitat type. A 50x20 m2 multi-scale sampling plot was designed for the core habitats and across the main landscape linear elements. Richness and diversity of plant species were estimated by comparing the observed field data to ICE (Incidence-based Coverage Estimator) and ACE (Abundance-based Coverage Estimator) non-parametric estimators. The species density, percentage of unique species, and alpha diversity per plot were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in linear elements than in core habitats. ICE estimate of number of species was 32% higher than of ACE estimate, which did not differ significantly from the observed values. Accumulated species richness in core habitats together with linear elements, were significantly higher than those recorded only in the core habitats in all the landscapes. Conversely, Shannon diversity index did not show significant differences.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16763745</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro-Díez, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pintado, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sancho, Leopoldo G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maestro, Melchor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Variance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon assimilation rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative growth rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: pharmacology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">389-400</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shade and irrigation are frequently used to increase the success of Mediterranean Quercus spp. plantations. However, there is controversy about the combined effects of these treatments on plant performance. We assessed the effects of two irradiances (full sunlight and moderate shade) and two summer watering regimes (high (daily) and low (alternate days)) on leaf and whole-plant traits of 1-year-old seedlings of Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex subsp. ballota and Q. faginea grown outdoors for 8.5 months. Leaf traits included measures of morphology, nitrogen concentration, gas exchange and photochemical efficiency, and measures of whole-plant traits included biomass allocation patterns, growth phenology, across-summer leaf area change and relative growth rate (RGR).Moderate shade reduced leaf mass per area, increased photochemical efficiency, maximum carbon assimilation rate (Amax) and allocation to leaves, and prolonged the growing period in one or more of the species. Daily watering in summer increased Amax of Q. ilex and prolonged the growing period of Q. ilex and Q. faginea. Both treatments tended to increase RGR. The effect of shade was greater in the low-watering regime than in the high-watering regime for two of the 15 studied traits, with treatment effects being independent for the remaining 13 traits. Leaf nitrogen and the ability to maintain leaf area after the arid period, rather than biomass allocation traits, explained the variation in seedling RGR. Trait responsiveness to the treatments was low and similar among species and between study scales, being unexpectedly low in Q. faginea leaves. This may be because selective pressures on leaf plasticity act differently in deciduous and evergreen species. We conclude that moderate shade and daily summer watering enhance the performance of Mediterranean Quercus seedlings through species-specific mechanisms.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16356909</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species - Castro-Díez, Pilar; Navarro, Javier; Pintado, Ana; Sancho, Leopoldo G; Maestro, Melchor)</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species - Castro-Díez, Pilar; Navarro, Javier; Pintado, Ana; Sancho, Leopoldo G; Maestro, Melchor)</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro-Díez, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pintado, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sancho, Leopoldo G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maestro, Melchor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Variance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon assimilation rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative growth rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water: pharmacology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16356909http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/3/389.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">389 - 400</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shade and irrigation are frequently used to increase the success of Mediterranean Quercus spp. plantations. However, there is controversy about the combined effects of these treatments on plant performance. We assessed the effects of two irradiances (full sunlight and moderate shade) and two summer watering regimes (high (daily) and low (alternate days)) on leaf and whole-plant traits of 1-year-old seedlings of Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex subsp. ballota and Q. faginea grown outdoors for 8.5 months. Leaf traits included measures of morphology, nitrogen concentration, gas exchange and photochemical efficiency, and measures of whole-plant traits included biomass allocation patterns, growth phenology, across-summer leaf area change and relative growth rate (RGR).Moderate shade reduced leaf mass per area, increased photochemical efficiency, maximum carbon assimilation rate (Amax) and allocation to leaves, and prolonged the growing period in one or more of the species. Daily watering in summer increased Amax of Q. ilex and prolonged the growing period of Q. ilex and Q. faginea. Both treatments tended to increase RGR. The effect of shade was greater in the low-watering regime than in the high-watering regime for two of the 15 studied traits, with treatment effects being independent for the remaining 13 traits. Leaf nitrogen and the ability to maintain leaf area after the arid period, rather than biomass allocation traits, explained the variation in seedling RGR. Trait responsiveness to the treatments was low and similar among species and between study scales, being unexpectedly low in Q. faginea leaves. This may be because selective pressures on leaf plasticity act differently in deciduous and evergreen species. We conclude that moderate shade and daily summer watering enhance the performance of Mediterranean Quercus seedlings through species-specific mechanisms.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species - Castro-Díez, Pilar; Navarro, Javier; Pintado, Ana; Sancho, Leopoldo G; Maestro, Melchor)From Duplicate 2 (Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species - Castro-Díez, Pilar; Navarro, Javier; Pintado, Ana; Sancho, Leopoldo G; Maestro, Melchor)The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16356909</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alemayehu, Taye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recatalá, Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabbri, Andrea G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, Juan</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, William G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION AS A BASIS FOR ANALYSING DESERTIFICATION PROCESSES : A CASE STUDY IN TABERNAS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tabernas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">341 - 352</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This contribution proposes an integrated approach to detect and quantify land-use and land-cover changes as a basis for studying and predicting changes in environmental processes leading to desertification. The approach has been applied in Tabernas (Almería, Southeast Spain), a representative area of the Mediterranean region where a combination of extreme environmental conditions and modifications of the land-use pattern that occurred in the last decades have led to increase the risk of desertification. The approach is based on multi temporal records of remotely sensed data and field survey. Sets of aerial photographs taken in the fifties (1956), the eighties (1981) and the nineties (1995) were used to map land use and cover in the three different periods of the last fifty years. The results indicate that from 1956 to 2000, a total area of 5218 hectares of land was subjected to change in land use. The main land cover type that was subjected to change was dry farming. Throughout the past four and half decades 2507 hectares (32%) of dry farming has changed into different land use types, of which 1447.7 (57.7%) hectares changed to irrigated farmland, 857 (34%) became abandoned and about 202 (8.3%) were subjected to various activities (infrastructures, industries, etc.) that have left the area without a vegetation cover. The abandoned areas have evolved to areas with a weed type non-permanent bush cover, which is totally different from the natural cover in the region. The land abandonment and the change from dry farming to irrigation seem to exert pressure on the environment, that can lead to an increase in desertification processes such as soil erosion, salinisation and pollution. Most of the recent irrigated farms are on slopes ranging in inclination from 2 to 8%. Important erosion processes can occur both on these slopes and on abandoned areas depending on other influencing factors (e.g., soil erodibility).</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alemayehu, Taye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recatalá, Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabbri, Andrea G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, Juan</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, William G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION AS A BASIS FOR ANALYSING DESERTIFICATION PROCESSES : A CASE STUDY IN TABERNAS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tabernas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">341-352</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This contribution proposes an integrated approach to detect and quantify land-use and land-cover changes as a basis for studying and predicting changes in environmental processes leading to desertification. The approach has been applied in Tabernas (Almería, Southeast Spain), a representative area of the Mediterranean region where a combination of extreme environmental conditions and modifications of the land-use pattern that occurred in the last decades have led to increase the risk of desertification. The approach is based on multi temporal records of remotely sensed data and field survey. Sets of aerial photographs taken in the fifties (1956), the eighties (1981) and the nineties (1995) were used to map land use and cover in the three different periods of the last fifty years. The results indicate that from 1956 to 2000, a total area of 5218 hectares of land was subjected to change in land use. The main land cover type that was subjected to change was dry farming. Throughout the past four and half decades 2507 hectares (32%) of dry farming has changed into different land use types, of which 1447.7 (57.7%) hectares changed to irrigated farmland, 857 (34%) became abandoned and about 202 (8.3%) were subjected to various activities (infrastructures, industries, etc.) that have left the area without a vegetation cover. The abandoned areas have evolved to areas with a weed type non-permanent bush cover, which is totally different from the natural cover in the region. The land abandonment and the change from dry farming to irrigation seem to exert pressure on the environment, that can lead to an increase in desertification processes such as soil erosion, salinisation and pollution. Most of the recent irrigated farms are on slopes ranging in inclination from 2 to 8%. Important erosion processes can occur both on these slopes and on abandoned areas depending on other influencing factors (e.g., soil erodibility).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tome, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bloise, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korpimaki, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nest-site selection and nesting success of Little Owls (Athene noctua) in Mediterranean woodland and open habitats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athene noctua</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Little Owl</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predation risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reproductive success</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35 - 46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied nest-site selection by Little Owls (Athene noctua) in two Mediterranean habitats, a holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) woodland (36 nests during 1997-99) and a steppe-like area (37 nests during 1997-99), in Southern Portugal, by comparing macrohabitat and microhabitat characteristics of used nests to those of randomly-selected nest sites. In the woodland area, predator presence seemed to be the main factor that influenced nest-site selection by owls. In the steppe area, a large number of alternative cavities around a nest appeared as the most important variable associated with nest-site selection. At this site, size of stones in stone piles also seemed to influence nest-site selection; owls nested in piles with larger than average stones. We also found tree girth was positively associated with nesting Success ill the woodland area. Larger trees held more complex cavities that may have improved the ability of adults and offspring in escaping from predators. Other variables, Such as distance to human habitations and the orientation of nest-site entrance might have influenced nesting success as well. Predation risk and the internal features of nest cavities were the most likely factors affecting nest-site selection and nesting success of Little Owls in Mediterranean habitats.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tome, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bloise, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korpimaki, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nest-site selection and nesting success of Little Owls (Athene noctua) in Mediterranean woodland and open habitats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athene noctua</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Little Owl</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predation risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reproductive success</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied nest-site selection by Little Owls (Athene noctua) in two Mediterranean habitats, a holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) woodland (36 nests during 1997-99) and a steppe-like area (37 nests during 1997-99), in Southern Portugal, by comparing macrohabitat and microhabitat characteristics of used nests to those of randomly-selected nest sites. In the woodland area, predator presence seemed to be the main factor that influenced nest-site selection by owls. In the steppe area, a large number of alternative cavities around a nest appeared as the most important variable associated with nest-site selection. At this site, size of stones in stone piles also seemed to influence nest-site selection; owls nested in piles with larger than average stones. We also found tree girth was positively associated with nesting Success ill the woodland area. Larger trees held more complex cavities that may have improved the ability of adults and offspring in escaping from predators. Other variables, Such as distance to human habitations and the orientation of nest-site entrance might have influenced nesting success as well. Predation risk and the internal features of nest cavities were the most likely factors affecting nest-site selection and nesting success of Little Owls in Mediterranean habitats.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonfil, Consuelo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, Javier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of disturbance in the co-existence of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Quercus cerrioides</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clipping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02280.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">423 - 430</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: Which is the response of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Q. cerrioides to repeated disturbances? Location: central Catalonia (northeastern Spain), in the areas affected by two of the largest historically recorded wildfires in NE Spain: the Bages-Berguedà fire (24 300 ha forested area burned in July 1994), and the Solsonès fire (14 300 ha burned in 1998). Methods: Survival and growth of individuals of Quercus ilex and Q. cerrioides were evaluated in plants subjected to different fire histories and experimental disturbances (burning, cutting or clipping) applied either before or after summer. Results: Survival was high (&gt; 99%), with both species showing a similar high resistance to disturbances. Growth after experimental disturbance was positively related to the size of the individual before the latest forest fire occurred. Fire history had a large effect on resprout growth, as the repeated incidence of disturbances lowered the capacity of individuals to grow. The type and season of experimental disturbance experienced by plants had a large effect. Individuals that experienced total above-ground loss had lower growth rates than those with partial loss. A similar pattern was observed in individuals disturbed after the summer in relation to those disturbed before summer. Conclusions: The larger growth rates recorded in Q. cerrioides across all fire histories and experimental treatments, and the higher vulnerability of Q. ilex to increased fire frequency, intensity of experimental disturbance, and disturbance season, provide evidence for the relatively high susceptibility of the latter to repeated disturbances. This view disagrees with the larger resilience of this species compared to co-existing deciduous oaks, as reported.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonfil, Consuelo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Pilar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, Javier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of disturbance in the co-existence of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Quercus cerrioides</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clipping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">423-430</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Question: Which is the response of the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Q. cerrioides to repeated disturbances? Location: central Catalonia (northeastern Spain), in the areas affected by two of the largest historically recorded wildfires in NE Spain: the Bages-Berguedà fire (24 300 ha forested area burned in July 1994), and the Solsonès fire (14 300 ha burned in 1998). Methods: Survival and growth of individuals of Quercus ilex and Q. cerrioides were evaluated in plants subjected to different fire histories and experimental disturbances (burning, cutting or clipping) applied either before or after summer. Results: Survival was high (&gt; 99%), with both species showing a similar high resistance to disturbances. Growth after experimental disturbance was positively related to the size of the individual before the latest forest fire occurred. Fire history had a large effect on resprout growth, as the repeated incidence of disturbances lowered the capacity of individuals to grow. The type and season of experimental disturbance experienced by plants had a large effect. Individuals that experienced total above-ground loss had lower growth rates than those with partial loss. A similar pattern was observed in individuals disturbed after the summer in relation to those disturbed before summer. Conclusions: The larger growth rates recorded in Q. cerrioides across all fire histories and experimental treatments, and the higher vulnerability of Q. ilex to increased fire frequency, intensity of experimental disturbance, and disturbance season, provide evidence for the relatively high susceptibility of the latter to repeated disturbances. This view disagrees with the larger resilience of this species compared to co-existing deciduous oaks, as reported.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabbio, Gianfranco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merlo, Maurizio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tosi, Vittorio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvicultural management in maintaining biodiversity and resistance of forests in Europe—the Mediterranean region</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Environmental Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptive management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic and policy implications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multipurpose role of forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silvicultural management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479702001895</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67 - 76</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outstanding features of Mediterranean forest area are highlighted with a special reference to biodiversity and connections with forest management. The naturally originated and anthropogenic progress of the mosaic-like evolution, as well as the man-induced factors and natural constraints are described. The past and present close linkages between management and biodiversity are then analysed by means of a few, outstanding cases typical of the geographical region. The management shift on increasing economically marginal forest area (abandonment) appears to be the major force currently driving connections with inherent and associated biodiversity. The goals following the new-established environmental roles of forests have shifted towards adaptive management, namely the implementation of locally tailored rules in accordance with prominent forest functions. Key priorities to face up to the new scenarios are then discussed. Economic and policy implications are addressed with reference to multipurpose forestry and the related annual ﬂow of outputs. It is shown the role of water-related services, as well the provision of various non-wood forest products and public goods in addition to wood and other traditional forest outputs. Reference is also made to the dualism between the Northern and the South-Eastern Mediterranean countries due to different level of economic development (and pressure of forest resources) together with very different institutional structures, i.e. public ownership in Southern and South-Eastern Mediterranean countries. Nevertheless, the situation is going to become more harmonious in the medium run by growing economic development, the afﬁrmation of local rights on forest resources, globalisation and, above all, rural out migration and exchanges of peoples conﬁrming the traditional role of the Mediterranean Region at cross road of South–North and Eastern– Western cultures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabbio, Gianfranco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merlo, Maurizio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tosi, Vittorio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvicultural management in maintaining biodiversity and resistance of forests in Europe—the Mediterranean region</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Environmental Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptive management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic and policy implications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multipurpose role of forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silvicultural management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67-76</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outstanding features of Mediterranean forest area are highlighted with a special reference to biodiversity and connections with forest management. The naturally originated and anthropogenic progress of the mosaic-like evolution, as well as the man-induced factors and natural constraints are described. The past and present close linkages between management and biodiversity are then analysed by means of a few, outstanding cases typical of the geographical region. The management shift on increasing economically marginal forest area (abandonment) appears to be the major force currently driving connections with inherent and associated biodiversity. The goals following the new-established environmental roles of forests have shifted towards adaptive management, namely the implementation of locally tailored rules in accordance with prominent forest functions. Key priorities to face up to the new scenarios are then discussed. Economic and policy implications are addressed with reference to multipurpose forestry and the related annual ﬂow of outputs. It is shown the role of water-related services, as well the provision of various non-wood forest products and public goods in addition to wood and other traditional forest outputs. Reference is also made to the dualism between the Northern and the South-Eastern Mediterranean countries due to different level of economic development (and pressure of forest resources) together with very different institutional structures, i.e. public ownership in Southern and South-Eastern Mediterranean countries. Nevertheless, the situation is going to become more harmonious in the medium run by growing economic development, the afﬁrmation of local rights on forest resources, globalisation and, above all, rural out migration and exchanges of peoples conﬁrming the traditional role of the Mediterranean Region at cross road of South–North and Eastern– Western cultures.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casellas, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveras, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bas, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure of ground-foraging ant assemblages in relation to land-use change in the northwestern Mediterranean region</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2135-2146</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The abandonment by humans of marginal and less productive zones signiﬁes an important change in land use in North Mediterranean agroecosystems. Human perturbations have led to a highly diversiﬁed landscape, with a mosaic made up of patches of land at different stages of succession, from cultivated ﬁelds to closed forest. Our aim here is to characterize ant assemblages and their functional groups in response to these land-use changes. This progressive abandonment results in an initial increase in ant richness and abundance, which can reach high levels if the succession proceeds as far as woodland. In terms of the ant functional groups, this land-use change implies: (1) the appearance of Subordinate Camponotini; (2) an increase in Generalized Myrmicinae, Cryptics and Cold-climate specialists in terms of ant species richness, overall abundance and, for Generalized Myrmicinae and Cryptics, an increase in abundance percentage; (3) a decrease in percentage abundance of Opportunists; (4) a progressive decrease in species richness as well as overall and percentage abundance of Hot-climate Specialists throughout the transformation from crops to woodlands; and (5) an initial increase of Dominant Dolichoderinae followed by a decrease in ant species richness, overall abundance and percentage abundance. Using the ant functional group approach for the clearly separate stages of the regeneration process is a promising method for comparing responses of ant communities to human land use.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen deposition in Mediterranean forests.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geologic Sediments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geologic Sediments: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Particle Size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205-213</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen was studied at two forested sites in the Montseny mountains (northeast Spain), peripheral to the Barcelona conurbation, and at a nearby lowland town, using bulk deposition, wet-only deposition, throughfall, and dry deposition inferred from branch-washes and surrogate surfaces (metacrylate plates). Bulk deposition inputs of ammonium and nitrate did not show significant temporal trends over a 16-year period. Bulk inputs of inorganic N were moderate, ranging from 6 to 10 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) depending on the time period considered and the degree of site exposure to polluted air masses from the Barcelona conurbation. Large dry-sedimented particles played a minor role, since wet-only inputs were virtually identical to bulk inputs. On the contrary, branch- and plate-washes indicated substantial dry inputs of N gases and small particles. Total atmospheric deposition was estimated at 15-22 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), most of it being retained within the studied broadleaved evergreen forests. Ecosystem N availability is thus likely to be increasing in these forests.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11939283</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roda, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen deposition in Mediterranean forests.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geologic Sediments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geologic Sediments: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Particle Size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11939283</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205 - 213</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen was studied at two forested sites in the Montseny mountains (northeast Spain), peripheral to the Barcelona conurbation, and at a nearby lowland town, using bulk deposition, wet-only deposition, throughfall, and dry deposition inferred from branch-washes and surrogate surfaces (metacrylate plates). Bulk deposition inputs of ammonium and nitrate did not show significant temporal trends over a 16-year period. Bulk inputs of inorganic N were moderate, ranging from 6 to 10 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) depending on the time period considered and the degree of site exposure to polluted air masses from the Barcelona conurbation. Large dry-sedimented particles played a minor role, since wet-only inputs were virtually identical to bulk inputs. On the contrary, branch- and plate-washes indicated substantial dry inputs of N gases and small particles. Total atmospheric deposition was estimated at 15-22 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), most of it being retained within the studied broadleaved evergreen forests. Ecosystem N availability is thus likely to be increasing in these forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 11939283</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moscatelli, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonck, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Angelis, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larbi, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macuz, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambelli, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grego, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean natural forest living at elevated carbon dioxide: soil biological properties and plant biomass growth</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Use and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microbial activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil enzymes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-202</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract. Biomass productivity and soil microbial responses to long-term CO2 enrichment have been investigated in a Mediterranean natural forest ecosystem. Several biochemical parameters have been measured on soil samples taken from six open top chambers (OTCs), enclosing clumps of natural Mediterranean woody vegetation including: Quercus ilex L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., Pistacia lentiscus L. and Myrtus communis L. The CO2 concentration of the air inside the OTCs was either ambient or ambient plus 350 μmol mol–1 (c. 710 ppm as mean daily value). Microbial C biomass, microbial respiration, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and protease activities, inorganic N and soluble P, were tested in order to evaluate soil microbial size and activity. Statistically correlated seasonal patterns have been identified in some biochemical parameters in response to climatic conditions, soil nutritional status and the physiology of the vegetative cover. In situ soil respiration and above- and below-ground productivity were also measured. Microbial responses to CO2 enrichment were observed only at the beginning of the study and a general progressive reduction of the CO2 effect was recorded as monitoring continued. These results are in agreement with data from literature regarding similar studies on natural complex communities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moscatelli, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonck, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Angelis, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larbi, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macuz, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambelli, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grego, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean natural forest living at elevated carbon dioxide: soil biological properties and plant biomass growth</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Use and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microbial activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil enzymes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2001.tb00027.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195 - 202</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract. Biomass productivity and soil microbial responses to long-term CO2 enrichment have been investigated in a Mediterranean natural forest ecosystem. Several biochemical parameters have been measured on soil samples taken from six open top chambers (OTCs), enclosing clumps of natural Mediterranean woody vegetation including: Quercus ilex L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., Pistacia lentiscus L. and Myrtus communis L. The CO2 concentration of the air inside the OTCs was either ambient or ambient plus 350 μmol mol–1 (c. 710 ppm as mean daily value). Microbial C biomass, microbial respiration, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and protease activities, inorganic N and soluble P, were tested in order to evaluate soil microbial size and activity. Statistically correlated seasonal patterns have been identified in some biochemical parameters in response to climatic conditions, soil nutritional status and the physiology of the vegetative cover. In situ soil respiration and above- and below-ground productivity were also measured. Microbial responses to CO2 enrichment were observed only at the beginning of the study and a general progressive reduction of the CO2 effect was recorded as monitoring continued. These results are in agreement with data from literature regarding similar studies on natural complex communities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergero, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perotto, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girlanda, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vidano, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luppi, a M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are common root associates of a Mediterranean ectomycorrhizal plant (Quercus ilex)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectomycorrhizas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica arborea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ericoid fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Diseases: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restriction Fragment Length</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribosomal Spacer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees: microbiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11050558http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01059.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1639 - 1649</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhiza samples of neighbouring Quercus ilex and Erica arborea plants collected in a postcutting habitat were processed to see whether plants differing in mycorrhizal status harbour the same root endophytes. Three experiments were performed in parallel: (i) isolation, identification and molecular characterization of fungi from surface-sterilized roots of both plant species; (ii) re-inoculation of fungal isolates on axenic E. arborea and Q. ilex seedlings; (iii) direct inoculation of field-collected Q. ilex ectomycorrhizas onto E. arborea seedlings. About 70 and 150 fungal isolates were obtained from roots of Q. ilex and E. arborea, respectively. Among them, Oidiodendron species and five cultural morphotypes of sterile isolates formed typical ericoid mycorrhizas on E. arborea in vitro. Fungi with such mycorrhizal ability were derived from both host plants. Isolates belonging to one of these morphotypes (sd9) also exhibited an unusual pattern of colonization, with an additional extracellular hyphal net. Ericoid mycorrhizas were also readily obtained by direct inoculation of E. arborea seedlings with Q. ilex ectomycorrhizal tips. Polymerase chain–restriction fragment length polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses of the shared sterile morphotypes demonstrate, in the case of sd9, the occurrence of the same genet on the two host plants. These results indicate that ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associate with ectomycorrhizal roots, and the ecological significance of this finding is discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Science Ltd&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 11050558</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergero, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perotto, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girlanda, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vidano, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luppi, a M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are common root associates of a Mediterranean ectomycorrhizal plant (Quercus ilex)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectomycorrhizas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica arborea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ericoid fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungi: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Diseases: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restriction Fragment Length</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribosomal Spacer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees: microbiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Science Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1639-1649</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhiza samples of neighbouring Quercus ilex and Erica arborea plants collected in a postcutting habitat were processed to see whether plants differing in mycorrhizal status harbour the same root endophytes. Three experiments were performed in parallel: (i) isolation, identification and molecular characterization of fungi from surface-sterilized roots of both plant species; (ii) re-inoculation of fungal isolates on axenic E. arborea and Q. ilex seedlings; (iii) direct inoculation of field-collected Q. ilex ectomycorrhizas onto E. arborea seedlings. About 70 and 150 fungal isolates were obtained from roots of Q. ilex and E. arborea, respectively. Among them, Oidiodendron species and five cultural morphotypes of sterile isolates formed typical ericoid mycorrhizas on E. arborea in vitro. Fungi with such mycorrhizal ability were derived from both host plants. Isolates belonging to one of these morphotypes (sd9) also exhibited an unusual pattern of colonization, with an additional extracellular hyphal net. Ericoid mycorrhizas were also readily obtained by direct inoculation of E. arborea seedlings with Q. ilex ectomycorrhizal tips. Polymerase chain–restriction fragment length polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses of the shared sterile morphotypes demonstrate, in the case of sd9, the occurrence of the same genet on the two host plants. These results indicate that ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associate with ectomycorrhizal roots, and the ecological significance of this finding is discussed.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11050558</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giseppe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oswald, Helfried</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piussi, Pietro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radoglou, Kalliopi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests of the Mediterranean region: gaps in knowledge and research needs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silviculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-109</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests are characterised by a remarkable set of features that make them naturally and aesthetically attractive, on the one hand, but also quite fragile, on the other, therefore calling for careful strategies for their conservation and management. An exceptionally large variation of environmental conditions characterises the Mediterranean countries, where the environment can limit forest growth and succession but can also give rise, more often than it is supposed, to lush, mesic forest ecosystems, similar to those of central Europe. Moreover, Mediterranean forests contain an ample, plant and animal biological diversity, exempli®ed by the large number of tree species as compared to Nordic forests, and by their relatively high genetic variability due to the survival of many conifer and broadleaf species in southern European refuges, during the glacial periods. Another peculiar aspect of this region is the long-lasting manipulation of trees, forests and landscapes, since ancient times, with the diffusion all over the Mediterranean basin of such species as Pinus pinea, Cupressus sempervirens, Castanea sativa, and Quercus suber. The harsh and unpredictable climate, the dif®cult socio-economic conditions and the history of over-exploitation of the Mediterranean forests require that a scienti®cally sound conservation strategy and a locally-tailored sustainable management should be implemented. In particular, the need for identifying those silvicultural and management strategies appropriate for southern European forests should be stressed. Obviously, this consideration will have important effects on the de®nition of criteria for sustainability and eco-certi®cation. Also, social issues should be considered key factors for effective forest conservation in the Mediterranean region, otherwise it will be impossible to control forest ®res and landscape degradation. Based on these considerations a number of research priorities are discussed, with special consideration to possible impacts that global change may have on Mediterranean forest ecosystems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giseppe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oswald, Helfried</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piussi, Pietro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radoglou, Kalliopi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests of the Mediterranean region: gaps in knowledge and research needs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silviculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112700003832</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97 - 109</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests are characterised by a remarkable set of features that make them naturally and aesthetically attractive, on the one hand, but also quite fragile, on the other, therefore calling for careful strategies for their conservation and management. An exceptionally large variation of environmental conditions characterises the Mediterranean countries, where the environment can limit forest growth and succession but can also give rise, more often than it is supposed, to lush, mesic forest ecosystems, similar to those of central Europe. Moreover, Mediterranean forests contain an ample, plant and animal biological diversity, exempli®ed by the large number of tree species as compared to Nordic forests, and by their relatively high genetic variability due to the survival of many conifer and broadleaf species in southern European refuges, during the glacial periods. Another peculiar aspect of this region is the long-lasting manipulation of trees, forests and landscapes, since ancient times, with the diffusion all over the Mediterranean basin of such species as Pinus pinea, Cupressus sempervirens, Castanea sativa, and Quercus suber. The harsh and unpredictable climate, the dif®cult socio-economic conditions and the history of over-exploitation of the Mediterranean forests require that a scienti®cally sound conservation strategy and a locally-tailored sustainable management should be implemented. In particular, the need for identifying those silvicultural and management strategies appropriate for southern European forests should be stressed. Obviously, this consideration will have important effects on the de®nition of criteria for sustainability and eco-certi®cation. Also, social issues should be considered key factors for effective forest conservation in the Mediterranean region, otherwise it will be impossible to control forest ®res and landscape degradation. Based on these considerations a number of research priorities are discussed, with special consideration to possible impacts that global change may have on Mediterranean forest ecosystems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filella, Iolanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altitudinal differences in UV absorbance, UV reflectance and related morphological traits of Quercus ilex and Rhododendron ferrugineum in the Mediterranean region</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carotenoids/chlorophyll a ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf hair density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ndpi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rhododendron ferrugineum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slw</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thickness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uv absorbing compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uv reflectance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">145</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157-165</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied the variations in different physiological parameters associated with UV-B radiation defense: UV-B radiation absorbance, UV-visible spectral reﬂectance, carotenoids concentration, leaf thickness, SLW (speciﬁc leaf weigth) and trichome density in Quercus ilex growing at 200 and 1200 m and Rhododendron ferrugineum growing at 2200 m. We examined the role of these parameters as protection mechanisms in an altitudinal gradient of increasing UV radiation in northern Catalonia and in sun and shade leaves. The concentration of UV-B radiation absorbing pigments was 15% higher in sun leaves of Q. ilex at 1200 m than in those from 200 m altitude. Sun leaves of R. ferrugineum presented concentrations three times higher than those of Q. ilex. Reﬂectance ranged between 5% (in the region 300–400 nm) and 12% (in the region 280–300 nm). The variation of reﬂectance with altitude followed an inverse trend respect to absorbance in the 280–300 nm region, with higher values the lower the altitude, but in the 300–400 nm region, reﬂectance of the lower site was the lowest. In both species and altitudes sun leaves presented higher concentrations of UV-B radiation absorbing pigments and UV reﬂectance than shade leaves. Quercus ilex trees of the higher location presented higher NDPI (Normalized Difference Pigment Reﬂectance Index) values, indicating higher carotenoids/chlorophylla ratio. Actual measurements of carotenoid/chlorophyll a ratio conﬁrmed this pattern. The photochemical reﬂectance index (PRI) presented higher values the higher the location indicating lower photosynthetic radiation-use efﬁciency. Speciﬁc leaf weight (SLW) and leaf thickness were larger in Q. ilex trees of higher location than in those of lower location. In both sites, sun leaves also presented larger SLW values than shade leaves. Adaxial leaf hair density in sun leaves was signiﬁcantlly higher in the lower location. UV absorption and linked morphological traits (SLW, leaf thickness measured in Q. ilex) presented the larger differences among studied plants at different altitudes and seem to be the dominant UV protecting mechanisms.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filella, Iolanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altitudinal differences in UV absorbance, UV reflectance and related morphological traits of Quercus ilex and Rhododendron ferrugineum in the Mediterranean region</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altitude</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carotenoids/chlorophyll a ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf hair density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ndpi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rhododendron ferrugineum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slw</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thickness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uv absorbing compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uv reflectance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/m8hl41013mvtx776.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">145</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157 - 165</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied the variations in different physiological parameters associated with UV-B radiation defense: UV-B radiation absorbance, UV-visible spectral reﬂectance, carotenoids concentration, leaf thickness, SLW (speciﬁc leaf weigth) and trichome density in Quercus ilex growing at 200 and 1200 m and Rhododendron ferrugineum growing at 2200 m. We examined the role of these parameters as protection mechanisms in an altitudinal gradient of increasing UV radiation in northern Catalonia and in sun and shade leaves. The concentration of UV-B radiation absorbing pigments was 15% higher in sun leaves of Q. ilex at 1200 m than in those from 200 m altitude. Sun leaves of R. ferrugineum presented concentrations three times higher than those of Q. ilex. Reﬂectance ranged between 5% (in the region 300–400 nm) and 12% (in the region 280–300 nm). The variation of reﬂectance with altitude followed an inverse trend respect to absorbance in the 280–300 nm region, with higher values the lower the altitude, but in the 300–400 nm region, reﬂectance of the lower site was the lowest. In both species and altitudes sun leaves presented higher concentrations of UV-B radiation absorbing pigments and UV reﬂectance than shade leaves. Quercus ilex trees of the higher location presented higher NDPI (Normalized Difference Pigment Reﬂectance Index) values, indicating higher carotenoids/chlorophylla ratio. Actual measurements of carotenoid/chlorophyll a ratio conﬁrmed this pattern. The photochemical reﬂectance index (PRI) presented higher values the higher the location indicating lower photosynthetic radiation-use efﬁciency. Speciﬁc leaf weight (SLW) and leaf thickness were larger in Q. ilex trees of higher location than in those of lower location. In both sites, sun leaves also presented larger SLW values than shade leaves. Adaxial leaf hair density in sun leaves was signiﬁcantlly higher in the lower location. UV absorption and linked morphological traits (SLW, leaf thickness measured in Q. ilex) presented the larger differences among studied plants at different altitudes and seem to be the dominant UV protecting mechanisms.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DAVID, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Devernay, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belowground biodiversity in a Mediterranean landscape: relationships between saprophagous macroarthropod communities and vegetation structure</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diplopoda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isopoda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation changes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/T61585W7427102T0.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">753 - 767</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Millipedes and woodlice were sampled at 27 sites in a mosaic landscape in order to establish the extent to which the macroarthropod community changed with dierent plant for- mations. Multivariate analyses conducted on abundance data for ten species revealed four main types of macroarthropod communities. This classi®cation was highly correlated with vegetation structure and particularly the degree of openness of the sites. Communities dominated by Om- matoiulus rutilans (Julidae) occurred in open grassland; those dominated by Glomeris marginata (Glomeridae) plus Porcellio gallicus (Porcellionidae) were found at the least open sites, with a high oak cover; communities with a high proportion of the endemic glomerid Glomeris annulata oc- curred in semi-open sites with a substantial cover of shrubs. Species diversity was signi®cantly higher at the semi-open sites, this being interpreted as an edge eect. Population density and biomass were lower at wooded sites. In the context of a regional trend towards woodland ex- pansion, the results are discussed from the viewpoint of conserving the pool of millipede and woodlouse species and of maintaining the abundance of saprophagous macroarthropods in the region's ecosystems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, J F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Devernay, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belowground biodiversity in a Mediterranean landscape: relationships between saprophagous macroarthropod communities and vegetation structure</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diplopoda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isopoda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation changes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">753-767</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Millipedes and woodlice were sampled at 27 sites in a mosaic landscape in order to establish the extent to which the macroarthropod community changed with dierent plant for- mations. Multivariate analyses conducted on abundance data for ten species revealed four main types of macroarthropod communities. This classi®cation was highly correlated with vegetation structure and particularly the degree of openness of the sites. Communities dominated by Om- matoiulus rutilans (Julidae) occurred in open grassland; those dominated by Glomeris marginata (Glomeridae) plus Porcellio gallicus (Porcellionidae) were found at the least open sites, with a high oak cover; communities with a high proportion of the endemic glomerid Glomeris annulata oc- curred in semi-open sites with a substantial cover of shrubs. Species diversity was signi®cantly higher at the semi-open sites, this being interpreted as an edge eect. Population density and biomass were lower at wooded sites. In the context of a regional trend towards woodland ex- pansion, the results are discussed from the viewpoint of conserving the pool of millipede and woodlouse species and of maintaining the abundance of saprophagous macroarthropods in the region's ecosystems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csiky, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seufert, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terpenoid emissions of Mediterranean oaks and their relation to taxonomy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEMA (Biogenic Emissions in the Mediterranean Area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemo-taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpenoid emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trace-gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">volatile organic compounds (VOCs)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1138 - 1146</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents results of a laboratory screening study of biogenic emissions from Mediterranean oak species. The experiment aimed at improving our understanding of oak contributions to overall emissions of volatile organic compounds and to the atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean area. We measured type and amount of terpenoid emissions (isoprene, mono- and sesquiterpenes) under standard conditions of light and temperature from 14 different Quercus species of Mediterranean and American origin. Tree saplings were exposed in a controlled environment chamber, and leaf-level trace-gas exchange was analyzed with a minicuvette system and gas chromatography, to study the relation between the emission types and emission spectra found and the taxonomy of Quercus. The holarctic group Lepidobalanus and the North American groups Erythrobalanus and Protobalanus were found to be strong isoprene emitters. The Eurasian oak group Sclerophyllodrys emits monoterpenes; Cerris include mostly non-emitters, but also an isoprene and a monoterpene emitter has been found in this group. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for presently used emission scenarios.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Csiky, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seufert, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terpenoid emissions of Mediterranean oaks and their relation to taxonomy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEMA (Biogenic Emissions in the Mediterranean Area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemo-taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpenoid emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trace-gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">volatile organic compounds (VOCs)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1138-1146</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents results of a laboratory screening study of biogenic emissions from Mediterranean oak species. The experiment aimed at improving our understanding of oak contributions to overall emissions of volatile organic compounds and to the atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean area. We measured type and amount of terpenoid emissions (isoprene, mono- and sesquiterpenes) under standard conditions of light and temperature from 14 different Quercus species of Mediterranean and American origin. Tree saplings were exposed in a controlled environment chamber, and leaf-level trace-gas exchange was analyzed with a minicuvette system and gas chromatography, to study the relation between the emission types and emission spectra found and the taxonomy of Quercus. The holarctic group Lepidobalanus and the North American groups Erythrobalanus and Protobalanus were found to be strong isoprene emitters. The Eurasian oak group Sclerophyllodrys emits monoterpenes; Cerris include mostly non-emitters, but also an isoprene and a monoterpene emitter has been found in this group. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for presently used emission scenarios.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bussotti, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferretti, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air pollution, forest condition and forest decline in Southern Europe: an overview.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollution climate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49-65</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Over the last decades much of the work on the impact of air pollution on forests in Europe has concentrated on central and northern countries. The southern part of Europe has received far less attention, although air pollutants-especially the photochemical ones-can reach concentrations likely to have adverse effects on forest vegetation. Although international forest condition surveys present serious problems where data consistency is concerned, they reveal considerable year-by-year species-specific fluctuations rather than a large-scale forest decline. Cases of obvious decline related to environmental factors are well circumscribed: (1) the deterioration of some coastal forests due to the action of polluted seaspray; (2) the deterioration of reforestation projects, especially conifers, mainly due to the poor ecological compatibility between species and site; and (3) the decline of deciduous oaks in southern Italy and of evergreen oaks in the Iberian peninsula apparently due to the interaction of climate stresses and pests and diseases. However, besides obvious deterioration, changes in environmental factors can provoke situations of more subtle stress. The most sensitive stands are Mediterranean conifer forests and mesophile forests of the Mediterranean-montane plane growing at the edges of the natural ecological distribution. Evergreen sclerophyllous forests appear less sensitive to variations in climatic parameters, since they can adapt quite well to both drought and the action of UV-B rays. Several experiments were carried out to test the sensitivity of Mediterranean forest species to air pollutants. Most of those experiments used seedlings of different species treated with pollutant concentrations too high to be realistic, so it is difficult to derive adequate information on the response of adult trees in field conditions. Ozone has been proved to cause foliar injury in a variety of native forest species in different Southern European countries, while the effects of other pollutants (e.g. nitrogen, sulphur, acidic deposition) are less obvious and likely to be very localized. In the case of ozone, visible symptoms were almost completely missed by large-scale surveys and-at the same time-non-visible symptoms are suspected to be even more widespread than the visible ones. Owing to this and to the complex relationships existing between species sensitivity, ozone exposure and doses, length of the vegetative periods, influence of climatic and edaphic condition on the tree's response, the impacted areas are yet to be identified. Therefore, the large-scale impact of air pollutants on the forests of Southern Europe remains largely unknown, until more specific investigations are carried out.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15093098</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debussche, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grandjanny, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debussche, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Affre, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ecology of an endemic and rare species with a fragmented distribution: Cyclamen balearlcum Willk in France</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA BOTANICA GALLICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cyclamen balearicum Willk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endemic species France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rare species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOC BOTANIQUE FRANCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUE J B CLEMENT, 92296 CHATENAY-MALABRY CEDEX, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">143</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65-84</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ecology of rare species is largely unknown. Though informations on the ecology of these species, as well as on their biological traits and genetics, are necessary to achieve their conservation. Ecology of Cyclamen balearicum Willk. in France was studied by analysing a set of 40 phyto-ecological releves. This late successional species grows in France under a mediterranean climate, in shaded situations, in sites characterized by moderate to copious precipitations (650 to 1800 mm per year) and frosts occurring each year commonly (mean of the minima of the coldest month from - 0,7 degrees C to + 0,7 degrees C), steep relief and north aspect, stony calcareous soils with blocks, important cover of evergreen woody plants, small number of therophytes, very Low human impact. Quercus ilex L. and Buxus sempervirens L. are very often the dominant tree and shrub species In these sites. Two kinds of habitat were distinguished. They mainly differ on geomorphological features, vegetation height and floristic composition. Ecological patterns were discussed in relation with decisive factors such as shade, frost and drainage, and human impacts. The farm or rarity showed by the species in France was discussed according to the criteria proposed by Rabinowitz. As numerous endemic species with narrow distribution, Cyclamen balearicum Willk. has in France a restricted habitat, but where it grows it is sometimes abundant.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debussche, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grandjanny, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debussche, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Affre, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ecology of an endemic and rare species with a fragmented distribution: Cyclamen balearlcum Willk in France</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA BOTANICA GALLICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cyclamen balearicum Willk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endemic species France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rare species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">143</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65 - 84</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ecology of rare species is largely unknown. Though informations on the ecology of these species, as well as on their biological traits and genetics, are necessary to achieve their conservation. Ecology of Cyclamen balearicum Willk. in France was studied by analysing a set of 40 phyto-ecological releves. This late successional species grows in France under a mediterranean climate, in shaded situations, in sites characterized by moderate to copious precipitations (650 to 1800 mm per year) and frosts occurring each year commonly (mean of the minima of the coldest month from - 0,7 degrees C to + 0,7 degrees C), steep relief and north aspect, stony calcareous soils with blocks, important cover of evergreen woody plants, small number of therophytes, very Low human impact. Quercus ilex L. and Buxus sempervirens L. are very often the dominant tree and shrub species In these sites. Two kinds of habitat were distinguished. They mainly differ on geomorphological features, vegetation height and floristic composition. Ecological patterns were discussed in relation with decisive factors such as shade, frost and drainage, and human impacts. The farm or rarity showed by the species in France was discussed according to the criteria proposed by Rabinowitz. As numerous endemic species with narrow distribution, Cyclamen balearicum Willk. has in France a restricted habitat, but where it grows it is sometimes abundant.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: RUE J B CLEMENT, 92296 CHATENAY-MALABRY CEDEX, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SOC BOTANIQUE FRANCE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RHIZOPOULOU, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MITRAKOS, K</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Relations of Evergreen Sclerophylls. I. Seasonal Changes in the Water Relations of Eleven Species from the Same Environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus andrachne L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceratonia siliqua L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurus nobilis L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myrtus communis L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nerium oleander L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olea europaea L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillyrea Iatifolia L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pistacia lentiscus L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water relations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171-178</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf water relationships were studied in eleven evergreen sclerophyll species from a macchia near Athens, Greece. Water (ψ), solute (ψs) and turgor (ψp) potentials as well as relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance were measured during the course of a year. Relatively high values of water potential were measured initially in the young expanding leaves during the 60–90 d of the growth period. After this period a soil moisture deficit developed and leaves increased to full size. During the drought period leaf water potential and solute potential values, as well as stomatal conductance were low. The results show that during the dry season (Jun.–Aug.) all species are at or near zero turgor and this occurs in Arbutus, Myrtus and Nerium at around −1.5 MPa, in Ceratonia, Pistacia and Quercus at around −2.0 MPa, in Laurus, Olea and Phillyrea below −3·5 MPa. These values largely reflect differences in ψs at this time. Also, the seasonal variations in the water relations components reflect the responses of the different species to variation in water availability.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vacher, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llanos, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dehesa: an agrosilvopastoral system of the Mediterranean region with special reference to the Sierra Morena area of Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agrosilvopastoral system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">effect of trees on soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak trees (Quercus spp.)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sierra morena</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1988</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71-96</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A multidisciplinary team undertook a six-year investigation on the agro-ecological and socio-economic aspects of the dehesa system in the Sierra Norte area, a part of the Sierra Morena of the Sevilla Province, Western Andalusia, Spain. This paper summarizes its findings on the various agro-ecological features of the system and evaluates the system's functional aspects vis-a-vis the trends and developments in land use in the region over the past few centuries. The synergistic effects of tree cover on understorey grassland vegetation is discussed in terms of soil fertility build-up and favourable micro-climatic and hydrological features, and the potential use of this information in future research and development programmes to improve the dehesa system in the Mediterranean region is outlined.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>